高中英语语法填空解题技巧.ppt

Task 1:Brief Introduction概况概况能力要求能力要求考查方式考查方式解题方向解题方向解题步骤解题步骤1.语法填空题语法填空题概况概况在广东高考英语试题中，取消单项选择题，在广东高考英语试题中，取消单项选择题，改为语法填空题，即在一篇约改为语法填空题，即在一篇约180180多词、难度多词、难度适中的短文中有适中的短文中有1010个空格，要求按照句子的个空格，要求按照句子的语法结构或括号内的具体要求完成词形变化、语法结构或括号内的具体要求完成词形变化、语法填空等。新题型对学生掌握语言点提出语法填空等。新题型对学生掌握语言点提出了新的要求。了新的要求。2.语法填空题语法填空题能力要求能力要求1 1、阅读、阅读/理解理解语篇语篇的能力的能力;2 2、分析句子结构分析句子结构的能力的能力;3 3、熟练、熟练运用语法运用语法的能力。的能力。3.语法填空题语法填空题考查方式考查方式语法填空题的考查方式，主要有两类：自由填空类和提示语法填空题的考查方式，主要有两类：自由填空类和提示性填空类，这两类考查的语言项目有所不同：性填空类，这两类考查的语言项目有所不同：自由填空类。自由填空类。考查的语言项目主要有：行文逻辑、连词、考查的语言项目主要有：行文逻辑、连词、介词、关系代词等。在复习这些语法要点的时候，可采取介词、关系代词等。在复习这些语法要点的时候，可采取自由填空的练习进行训练。自由填空的练习进行训练。提示性填空类。提示性填空类。考查的语言项目主要有：动词时态和语考查的语言项目主要有：动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、情态动词、冠词态、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、情态动词、冠词等。等。4.语法填空题语法填空题解题方向解题方向从语法角度去考虑，填的是从语法角度去考虑，填的是语法语法词词，包括，包括功能词功能词和和词形变换词形变换两个两个方面。方面。不限定一个词。不限定一个词。5.语法填空题语法填空题解题步骤解题步骤1、浏览全文、浏览全文 把握语篇把握语篇2、边读边填、边读边填 先易后难先易后难 3、验证复查、验证复查 清除难点清除难点6.解题技巧 在做题过程中，要时时联系上下文，从语在做题过程中，要时时联系上下文，从语篇中去判断空格处应填哪个单词。篇中去判断空格处应填哪个单词。1、如果、如果空格后是空格后是名词名词（尤其是单数名词）（尤其是单数名词），就应该考虑，就应该考虑空格处空格处是否需要填是否需要填冠词冠词(a,an,the)、物主代词物主代词(my,your,his等等)、指示代词指示代词(this,that等等)、不定代词不定代词(few,little,many,much,all,each,every,both,neither,other等等)、名词所有格名词所有格或或形容词形容词等进行修饰。等进行修饰。7.解题技巧解题技巧 2、相反，如果、相反，如果空格是在冠词、物主代词、空格是在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或形容词指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或形容词之后之后，则应考虑，则应考虑填名词填名词。但不要忘记，要考。但不要忘记，要考虑名词是否变复数，是否有所有格形式等。虑名词是否变复数，是否有所有格形式等。8.解题技巧解题技巧 3.1)填动词填动词。一定要考虑动词的时态和语态，。一定要考虑动词的时态和语态，所以动词形式的变化也是必不可少的。所以动词形式的变化也是必不可少的。如果如果空格前是助动词空格前是助动词（will,shall等）、等）、情态动词情态动词（can,may,must等）或是等）或是动词加动词加to的形式的形式，则，则空格空格一定是一定是 。如果如果空格前是空格前是have的各种形式的各种形式，则想到构成，则想到构成 。如果如果空格前是空格前是be的各种形式的各种形式，则想到用，则想到用 。动词原形动词原形完成时完成时进行时态或被动语态进行时态或被动语态9.解题技巧解题技巧 3.2）考查非谓语动词，包括）考查非谓语动词，包括V-ing形式、形式、V-ed形式和动词不定式。形式和动词不定式。如果与中心词是主动关系，如果与中心词是主动关系，；如果与中心词是被动关系，如果与中心词是被动关系，；动词不定式动词不定式to do表示将来。表示将来。一般用一般用V-ing形式形式一般用一般用V-ed形式形式10.解题技巧解题技巧 4.4.空格处还有可能是系表结构，一般空格处还有可能是系表结构，一般填形容词形式。填形容词形式。形容词要形容词要根据上下文来确定根据上下文来确定意思，进而确意思，进而确定用哪个单词；定用哪个单词；有时也可以有时也可以根据前后介词的搭配根据前后介词的搭配来确定；来确定；有有时时括括号号里里会会给给出出这这个个单单词词的的其其他他形形式式，让你填出形容词的形式。让你填出形容词的形式。11.解题技巧解题技巧5.5.缺少介词。缺少介词。介词可位于介词可位于名词之前名词之前。如。如at night,on Sunday等；等；也可位于也可位于形容词之后形容词之后，如，如be interested in,be good at等；等；还还可可位位于于不不及及物物动动词词之之后后，如如listen to,arrive at,look for等。等。12.解题技巧解题技巧 6.6.从句子结构考虑，如果空格前后都有句子，从句子结构考虑，如果空格前后都有句子，则要根据上下文的逻辑关系，选择适当的副词或则要根据上下文的逻辑关系，选择适当的副词或连词。连词。表示递进：表示递进：because,for since等；等；so,therefore,hence,thus等；等；further,furthermore,moreover,in addition等；等；but,nevertheless,however,yet,while,although,though,actually,practically等。等。表示转折：表示转折：表示结果：表示结果：表示原因：表示原因：13.解题技巧解题技巧 7 7、当句中主、谓、宾成分都不缺少、当句中主、谓、宾成分都不缺少时，则应考虑是否时，则应考虑是否缺少副词缺少副词来修饰动词、来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子。形容词或整个句子。常见的副词有：常见的副词有：always,usually,never,sometimes,not,hard,quite,very,still,almost,already等。等。14.解题技巧解题技巧 8 8、从语境考虑，有时需要用、从语境考虑，有时需要用情态动词情态动词表示特定的语气或感情。表示特定的语气或感情。15.I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains.The sun was setting when my car 31 (break)down near a remote and poor village.Cursing my misfortune,I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 should have the honor of receiving me 33 a guest in their house.Finally,I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house.While she was getting me 34 (settle)into a tiny but clean room,the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35 small town some 20 kilometres away 36 there was a garage.I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table.37 villagers brought me goats cheese and honey.We drank together and talked 38 (merry)till far into the night.When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village,I wanted to reward the old woman 39 the trouble I had caused 40 .Lets have a try:16.(whole)Clue?a story?Style:17.I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains.The sun was setting when my car 31 (break)down near a remote and poor village.Cursing my misfortune,I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 should have the honor of receiving me 33 a guest in their house.Finally,I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house.While she was getting me 34 (settle)into a tiny but clean room,the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35 small town some 20 kilometres away 36 there was a garage.brokewhoassettledawhere_18.I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table.37 villagers brought me goats cheese and honey.We drank together and talked 38 (merry)till far into the night.When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village,I wanted to reward the old woman 39 the trouble I had caused 40 .Othermerrilyforher19.真题分析与研究真题分析与研究20.Determiner(限定词限定词):Articles(冠词冠词):Conj.(连词连词)Part of speech(词性词性),others:v.(-ing,to do,done)非谓语非谓语n./v./adj./adv./prefix/suffixNoun clauses,（what,if,whether）Adverbial clause,(when,where,why)Attributive clause(which,who,that,whose)等各种从句等各种从句some,whole,any,otherindefinite articles 不定冠词不定冠词(a/an)definite article 定冠词定冠词(the)Pron.(代词代词)I,me,my,mine,myself转折转折,并列并列,递进递进 引导词引导词考点考点Examples21.Wow,I test you now!句子成分划分句子成分划分22.Focus on(聚焦语言点聚焦语言点)Soon after Dave left college,one of his uncles,who wasrich and had no children of his own died and left Dave a lotof money,so he decided to set up his own real estateagency.He found a nice office,bought some new furniture andmoved in.He had only been there for a few hours when heheard someone coming towards the door of his office.“Its my first customer!”he thought.He quickly picked upthe telephone and pretended to be very busy answering animportant call from some one in New Work who wanted tobuy a big and expensive house in the country.The man knocked at the door while this was going on,came in and waited politely for the agent to finish hisconversation.Then he said to him,“Im from the telephonecompany,and I was sent here to connect your telephone.”(Pron.)引导词引导词(parallel,tense agreement)(Determiner)限定词限定词(ordinal number)(-ing)(非谓语动词非谓语动词)(Conj.)(Voice)(Adv.)(Article)(Prep.)(Phrases)phrases23.Task 3:Discovery of methods to improve Grammatical Cloze Tests(by discussing)n讨论讨论结论结论(method)n从另一个角度思考如何提高从另一个角度思考如何提高语法填空的能力语法填空的能力24.Conclusion(method):1.vocabularies:2.sentences:3.prep./conj.:4.by means of“cloze”5.more excisesa.part of speech(n./v./adj./adv.)learn and useb.prefix/suffixanalyze structures(long,difficult)25.Task 4:Exploration Practice (designing)u Read your passage.u Design ten blanks for your partner to fill in.u Exchange your designs and finish it.26.Hehe,Test your partner now!(拓展练习拓展练习)27.28.Most Americans dont like to get advice 1 members of their family.They get advice from “2 (strange)”.When they need advice,they dont usually go to people they know.3 ,many of them write letters to newspapers and magazines 4 give advice on any different subjects 5 (include)family problems,the use of language,health,cooking,child care,clothes,6 even on how to buy a house or a car.Most newspapers 7 (regular)print letters from readers with problems.Along with the letters there are answers 8 (write)by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems.Some of these writers are doctors,9 are lawyers or educators.But two of the most famous writers of advice are women without special 10 (train)for this kind of work.fromstrangersInsteadthatincludingandregularlywrittenOtherstraining29.When you are in England you must be very careful in the streets 1 the traffic drives on the left.Before you cross a street you must look to the right first 2 then the left.In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from 3 ,the streets are very busy.Traffic is most 4 (danger)then.When you go by bus in England,you have to be careful,5 .Always remember the traffic moves on the left.So you must be careful.6 (have)a look first,or you will go 7 wrong way.In many English cities,there are big buses 8 two floors.Your can sit on the 9 (two)floor,10 you can see the city very well.Its very interesting.becauseandworkdangeroustooHave thewithsecondwhere30.The Internet has become part of young peoples life._1_ report shows that 38%of students often use the Internet.Most of them get _2_(use)information on the Internet _3_ use the Internet to help in their studies.But many students dont use it _4_ a good way.Some play games too much,some visit websites _5_ shouldnt look at.So bad things may happen _6_ students spend too much time on the Internet._7_ is important for students to use the Internet properly.Now we have a textbook,_8_ uses many examples to teach students some good ways to use the Internet.It gives useful advice.Some students also make _9_ on the Internet.But if you want to have a face-to-face _10_(meet)with your online friends,let your parents know and meet in a proper place.A usefulandintheyifIt whichfriendsmeeting31.Homework:Practise more to:discover the rule find the way32.Success ahead!Thank you!33.Thanks a lot!34.