高中英语完形填空解题技巧大全.doc

高中英语完形填空解题技巧大全开篇练习 My son Joey was born with club feet. The doctors said that with treatment he would be able to walk， but would never run very well. The first three years of his life was 1 in hospital. By the time he was eight， you wouldnt know he has a problem when you saw him 2 . Children in our neighborhood always ran around 3 their play， and Joey would jump and ran and play， 4 . We never told him that he probably wouldnt be 5 to run like the other children. So he didnt know. In 6 grade he decided to join the school running team. Every day he trained. He ran more than any of the others， 7 only the top seven runners would be chosen to run for the 8 . We didnt tell him he probably would never make the team， so he didnt know. He ran four to five mile every day - even when he had a fever. I was 9 ， so I went to 10 him after school. I found him running 11 . I asked him how he felt. “Okay，” he said. He has two more miles to go. Yet he looked straight ahead and kept 12 . Two weeks later， the names of the team 13 were caked. Joey was number six on the list. Joey had 14 the team. He was in seventh grade - the other six team members were all eighth graders. We never told him he couldnt do it so he didnt know. He just 15 it. 1. A. spent B. taken C. cost D. paid 2. A. talk B. sit C. study D. walk3. A. after B. before C. during D. till 4. A. either B. too C. though D. yet5. A. able B. sorry C. glad D. afraid 6. A. sixth B. seventh C. eighth D. ninth 7. A. so B. if C. then D. because 8. A. neighborhood B. familyC. school D. grade 9. A. excited B. tiredC. pleased D. worried 10. A. think about B. hear fromC. agree with D. look for 11. A. alone B. away C. almost D. already 12. A. riding B. walkingC. playing D. running13. A. jumpers B. runnersC. doctors D. teachers 14. A. got B. kept C. made D. found 15. A. did B. had C. left D. took（Keys：1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. D 11. D 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. D）（一）那么,究竟怎样才能做好完型填空呢?1、通读全文,了解大概 首先将全文快速阅读一遍,对文章内容有一个粗略的了解。因为根据格式塔的心理学理论,我们在处理文字信息时,不需要听到或看到全部的信息内容,而是根据部分信息,就能理解文章信息大意。这就是编制完型填空的理论依据。2、抓关键词,启迪思维 在对全文有一个基本了解后,第二步要着手选词填空。选词的诀窍是找出关键词,使上下文能合理、通顺。近几年试题中的完型填空的四个选项的设置都有很强的干扰性,语法上都几乎正确,但从词义上或上下文中唯有一项为最佳选择。这时选词主要依据是上下文中提供的信息。有时要选的正好是关键词。我们还是根据该词所处的特定的语言环境,仔细推敲,就不难选出正确的词。3、难词斟酌,二次完成 近来的高考试题的完型填空的第一句不设空,就是为了提供学生一个背景或情景,便于学生读懂全文。但学生在第一遍填词过程中,经常会遇到一些词怎么思索也分辨不出,似乎都可以,这时切不可胡乱选一个词,因为选错一个词会影响后面一大片。我们不妨就暂时空一下,继续往下做,也许后面有提示,即使没有任何提示或线索,我们也不急。在全文有把握并填好后,再读第二遍,因为全文已基本填好,提供信息会更多,原来模棱两可的词往往会迎刃而解。4、后期积累 在每次做好完型填空后,有一项很重要的积累工作。即把已做好的完型填空原来做错部分仔细研究,认真思考:为什么这一空我选错了,把上下文再读一遍,找出原因,是文章没有看懂,还是这个短语不认识,若是句子结构复杂而没有看懂,那么就把这个句子记在笔记本上;若是短语或习惯用法不知道,也把这些记在笔记本上。通过做练习学到一些东西,丰富自己的语言知识,水平就会越来越高。反之,做了练习,不做笔记,没有积累,就跟没做差不多。二）下面具体谈谈解题技巧和方法。一、重视首句的开篇启示作用 “完形填空”所采用的短文一般不给标题，考生无法借助标题推知全文大意，但短文的首句通常是一个未被“掏空”的完整句子，这便是我们探索短文全貌的“窗口”。考生应努力抓住首句或首段文句的提示意义，判断出文章的体裁，迅速推测全文的大意乃至主题。这样才会感到思路通畅，从而跨出正确解题的第一步。因此，我们决不能忽视首句的提示作用。二、通读全文，快速了解全文大意 每当遇到这种题型，有些学生习惯于边读边填空，或者干脆把文后 A 、 B 、 C 、 D 四个选项纳入短文空格一起“诵读”，急于求成。然而欲速则不达，结果往往是“只见树木，不见森林”。正确的做法是：依据守句给出的提示，通过逻辑思维，捕捉文中关键词语的语义信息，借助连词以及具有连词作用的副词、代词、关系词、介词及插入语，跳过一个又一个空格，尽快把全文通读一至三遍，快速掌握全文大意。这样才完全有可能使整篇短文形成明晰的意义轮廓。三、先易后难，瞻前顾后 在掌握文章大意后，先做最有把握最熟悉的题目。在没有弄懂第一个空所在句子的意义时，切忌慌着去做。这是因为在提供的选择中，往往有一定的迷惑性，一旦思路误入歧途，就可能出现连锁反应，导致一连串的错选。因此，在遵循忠于全文大意和主题的条件下，通过上下文联系展开逻辑推理。这样答案随着理解的深入自然地从脑海里涌现出来。对于难点要反复推敲，比较差异，根据意义、语法和逻辑等方面来判断选择，从而找出一个最适合题意的选项。四、复读全文，验证答案 全部空格填满后，看文章是否贯通流畅，内容清晰，主题突出。遇到疑义之处，应从意义和语法两角度权衡优劣，从而改正错误，弥补疏漏。以上所谈及解题技巧决不是“万能钥匙”，更代替不了你应该具有的知识和能力。因此要熟练驾驭“完形填空”这一题必须做到： 1 应经常阅读些短小的文章。对各种体裁、题材、风格的文章都有所涉猎，以便培养语感和快速阅读能力。 2 应注意积累材料，对于一些常用的短语、句型、习惯用法和词组的固定搭配要熟练掌握。也要会分析句子，能辨认各种简单句、并列句及复合句的结构。3 平时要注意抓住语言难点、语法要点，用足够的精力去弄通练透，特别是容易混淆的地方，一定要引起注意。（三）“完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点，既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。做“完型填空”题应遵循下列步骤：1、通读全文，了解大意做这类题目是，首先应该把文章通读一遍，了解一下文章的大概内容。千万不要读一句填一句，因为“完形填空”题里所给的大多数选项填入单句后都可成立，但从全文看又不可取。A hot dog is one of the most popular American foods. It was named after frankfurter, a German food.You may hear “hot dog” 1 in other ways. People sometimes say “hot dog” to express 2 . For example, a friend may ask 3 you would like to go to the cinema. You might say “Great! I would love to go.” Or, you could say, “4 ! I would love to go.”People 5 use the expression to describe (描写)someone who is a “show- off”, who tries to show everyone else how 6 he is. You often hear such 7 called a “hot dog”. He may be a baseball player, for example, who 8 the ball with one hand, making a (n) 9 catch seem more difficult. You know he is a hot dog because when he makes such a catch, he bows (鞠躬) to the crowd, hoping to win their 10 .1. A. eaten B. used C. cooked D. picked2. A. strength B. practice C. pleasure D. reply3. A. if B. how C. when D. where4. A. Hot dog B. Dont worry C. Never mind D. Excuse me5. A. ever B. also C. still D. yet6. A. hopeful B. careful C. kind D. great7. A. a dog B. a land C. a person D. an action8. A. catches B. plays C. passes D. throws9. A. hard B. funny C. exciting D. easy10. A. thanks B. cheers C. medals D. matches如果不看后面的文章内容，短文的第一个题所给第四个选项都可以填入空白处，不论是从语法的角度，还是从这个句子的意思完整的角度，都是能够站得住脚的。但如果继续看完这一段短文之后，你就会领悟到，“hot dog”在这里不是“被吃”，“被做”，“被拿”，而是“被使用”，只能选used。有些同学一拿到“完形填空”题，就着手去填，填到最后，才发现所选答案语全文的意思不符，不得不在从头开始。费时又费力，还不易做准确，这种方法是不可取的。2、瞻前顾后，逐步填空了解文章大意之后，就可逐步填空。 一般来说，文章后面所给的选择答案可分三类：一类是语法正确，而意思不对；另一类是意思正确，而语法错误；第三类是语法正确，意思也正确。在选择答案时，一定要考虑到上下文的意思，还要考虑到句子的结构，习惯用法，固定搭配和词类的功能，尽量使选出的答案及复合语法又符合原文的意思。3、认真复查，适当调整填空全部做完以后，应把短文从头到尾再读一遍，检查一下填空以后的文章是否连贯，情节是否合理，语法结构是否正确。一般来说，如果意思连贯，情节合理，语法结构正确，就意味着选答没有问题；如果发现个别填空使文章文理不通，语法结构有问题，就说明选答不正确。对这样的填空应该认真推敲，进行调整。怎样才能提高做完形填空的准确率呢？那么，怎样才能提高做完形填空的准确率呢？大家应从以下三个方面入手训练思维能力和解题技巧：抓准主旨、透析文意、理清逻辑。并在做题的过程中把这三方面与做完形填空的三大步骤“浏览、细读和验证”做到有机结合，明确每一步思维的主攻方向。一通览全文，抓准主旨有的同学或是急于求成，总想一步到位，或是由于原文设置空格所造成的理解障碍，担心通读文章时不但抓不住大意反而浪费时间，未通览全文即边读边填，结果是就句论句，无法形成连贯的思路，或“见木不见林”，理解偏离文章的中心，欲速则不达。大家首先要克服不良心理，满怀信心，全神贯注，目光越过空格，注重把握文章的整体内容，注意能体现文章大意的关键词句。开始阅读时可能会有模模糊糊，类似“钻山洞”的感觉，此时千万不可半途而废；再往下读，文意会逐渐显露，读完全文心里往往会有豁然开朗之感。另外，要重视文章首句的作用，一般情况下，首句不设空格，这就为大家窥视文章全貌提供了一个“窗口”。通过文章的首句大家可以对文章进行比较准确的定位。另外，大家要给文章准确定位，不仅要重视文章的首句，有时注意一下文章的结尾，首尾联系起来，对文章的定位会更准确。抓住文章的主旨大意后，考生围绕主旨大意去阅读、预测、推理、判断，往往会收到事半功倍的效果。抓住了主旨，一些干扰性强，容易使人犯想当然错误的选项也就起不到作用了。二、细读全文，透析文意有的考生在做完形填空题时，一看到一些自己比较熟悉的语法结构，如句子、短语等，便不假思索地去选，对特定的语境不去作深入的理解，导致“定势思维”错误。事实上，从NMET完形填空的出题特点看，其干扰项的设置均与“语法结构”错误无关，重在文意的干扰，这是出题者近几年始终坚持的方向。NMET完形填空每个题的四个选项并不是一种单纯的词汇辨析，因为从语法的角度看每个选项都是正确的。因此是否能恰如其分地传达文意才是选择正确答案或最佳答案的唯一标准，要吃透文意，理解到位，大家应做到以下几点：1. 注意上下文的内在联系断章取义，就题论题，忽视上下文的信息提示是学生常犯的错误。考生在做完形填空的过程中，应学会边读边在大脑中储藏上下文的信息。信息提示有时出现在前面，有时出现在后面如：Eating spaghetti (意大利面条) caught my eye. The word spaghetti brought back the 36 of an evening at Uncle Alien s in Belleville (when) _37_ all of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat (served) _38_ spaghetti for supper.（2004全国卷I）36. A. memory B. thought C. knowledge D. experience 本题的信息提示出现在前面。做题的关键在于把握brought back与后面名词的搭配关系，即动词短语决定了名词的选择。bring back把带回来，因此此处只能是把过去的记忆带回来，即使人回忆起，因此答案只能是A。With these words I began to (face) _36_ the problem, the problem of my telephone addiction. I used to call people _37_ , from the moment I woke up to the time I went to sleep. I (waited) _38_ to be phoned, I wanted to phone. Just one more call.（2004全国卷）37. A. now and then B. all the time C. at home D. at work 本题的信息提示出现在后面。空后的“从早晨醒来到上床睡觉”说明前面的动作是“经常、不断的”，因此答案只能是B。2. 注意英汉两种语言的差异，不能简单地互译出题者深知学生在英语学习过程中的弱点，往往从母语的角度设置干扰项来增加试题难度，考查学生的基本功和灵活运用能力，所以在平常的学习中，要逐渐培养自己的语感，不要受母语的影响。It started socially a few calls each day. It seemed (fine) _39_ , just a quick chat. Gradually though, the (situation) _40_ got worse. Soon it was _41_ use, until, finally, addiction. （2004全国卷）41. A. frequent B. regular C. unusual D. particular 本题如果仅凭汉语思维经常用电话，很容易误选B, regular虽然也有经常的的意思，但侧重指固定的，有规律的，不是一个贬义词。因此此处表示最后作者打电话上瘾之前，打电话是一种频繁的行为，含有贬义，因此用频繁的，表示行为过火，答案为A。3. 研读细节，准确认定语境 用学生平日常见的固定搭配来干扰学生对具体语境的认定，利用定势思维来增强试题的诱惑性。如：I was phoning people and (leaving) _46_ messages to make sure _47_ calls would see me through the day. （2004全国卷）47. A. long B. immediate C. enough D. surprising 本题仅看前面和后面介词短语的搭配，很容易误选A。但仔细推敲语境，此处并不表示电话的长度，而表示电话的数量，因此应选C。4. 发挥逻辑思维能力，挖掘文章寓意、隐意近几年NMET完形填空以叙事为主，有时加入一定的议论和说明，内容贴近生活，表层意思易于理解，所以很容易给学生造成一种假象，产生“轻敌”心理，有些同学做完一篇完形填空以后，自我感觉不错，但一对答案错很多，原因是这些同学仅仅理解了文章的表层含义，而忽略了其深层含义。事实上，NMET完形填空文章大都包含一定的哲理、寓意，具备深层探询的可能性。这就要求考生不仅要明确文章的表层意义，还要挖掘出文章的深层含义，做到“表里一致”。如：_52_ laughed, then the whole class was laughing with open?hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show (pleasure) _53_ , but what I was feeling was pure happiness. 52. A. People B. Nobody C. Somebody D. I 本题要求根据事情发展的逻辑关系来判定答案。答案是C，此处叙述作者的作文给全班同学带来欢乐的过程，先是“有人”发笑，最后全班同学大笑，逻辑通顺。5. 结合生活常识判断At first, everyone on the team got _38_ playing time. Then the team moved up to the top division after winning all its games, and the _39_ started. Some parents, who had paid the coach extra so their daughters could have _40_ one?on?one training, got angry when she didnt give them more playing time in our _41_ . The coach was replaced. （2004北京高考）38. A. great B. equal C. right D. extra 39. A. business B. struggle C. attempt D. pressure 40. A. free B. private C. good D. basic 41. A. matches B. courses C. lessons D. programs 本文介绍作者（一个少年女子足球队员）踢足球的经历。一开始，我们得到“平等的（38）”踢球时间；然后当我们的队获得联赛冠军以后，怎样呢？结合生活常识判断，应是有了压力（39）。后面父母贿赂教练干什么呢？根据生活常识判断，应该是让自己的孩子得到“开小灶”的机会，因此40应选B, private“私人的”。41，父母生气是因为贿赂没有起作用，也就是在我们的“比赛”中，他们的女儿没有得到更多的上场比赛的时间。Anna Douglas was 72 years old when she started writing her newspaper column. She had been a school teacher before she retired（退休），but she needed to keep 36 . She was even willing to work without pay. She then offered her 37 with a business that helped other businesses find jobs for old people. Every day she 38 other old folks like her. By talking with them，she 39 two things. Old people had abilities that were not 40 . But old people also had some 41 . She found a new purpose for herself then. Through the years，she 42 to write stories about people for national magazines. There was now a new 43 ： Old people like herself. She began to write a newspaper column called“Sixty Plus”， which was about 44 old . She writes about the problems of old people，especially their problems with being 45 . Anna Douglas uses her 46 ability to see the truth behind a problem. She understands 47 problems begin. For example，one of her 48 said that his grandchildren 49 the houses as soon as he came to visit. Mrs Douglas 50 some ways for him to understand his grandchildren. “Its important to know 51 about your grandchildrens world，”says Mrs Douglas. “That means questioning and listening，and 52 is not what old people do best. Say good things to them and about them，”she continues. “Never try to 53 your grandchildren or other young people. Never 54 your opinion. Dont tell them what they should do. 55 ，they have been taught they should have respect for old people. The old should respect them as well. ” 36. A. free B. rich C. powerful D. busy 37. A. service B. money C. students D. books 38. A. observed B. met C. comforted D. answered 39. A. recognized B. followed C. enjoyed D. demanded 40. A. studied B. agreed C. gave D. used 41. A. mistakes B. problems C. questions D. characters 42. A. had B. ought C. was D. used 43. A. subject B. life C. way D. plan 44. A. getting B. respecting C. employing D. supporting 45. A. unknown B. refused C. misunderstood D. discouraged 46. A. thinking B. working C. writing D. leading 47. A. that B. when C. why D. whether 48. A. visitors B. readers C. listeners D. friends 49. A. got B. entered C. left D. passed 50. A. invented B. chose C. suggested D. imagined 51. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing 52. A. listening B. speaking C. pleasing D. advising 53. A. praise B. scold C. trouble D. encourage 54. A. speak out B. give up C. get back D. stick to 55. A. Commonly B. Surprisingly C. Happily D. Naturally 36. D。她从教师工作上退了下来，然而她一直很忙。B项有一定干扰性。keep rich意思是“富有”，从后文she was even willing to work without pay. 可以看出B项不合题意。 37. A。从空后的that helped other businesses find jobs for old people. 可以看出，她提供的是商业服务。 38. B。从空后的By talking with them可以看出，Anna Douglas每天都与很多老年人会面，而不是观察或安慰他们。 39. A。通过与他们交谈，她认识到两件事情。接下来的两句便是她认识到的事情。recognize在这里是“认识到”的意思。 40. D。老年人有未被利用的能力。这是她积极为老年人找工作发挥他们余热的原因。其他答案不合题意。 41. B。然而老年人也有老年人的问题。A项有较大干扰性。从后文我们知道，有一位老年人不受其孙子女的欢迎，这是他面临的问题，而不是错误。 42. D。从后文She began to write a newspaper column called“Sixty Plus”，我们知道，她为国家杂志写人物故事是以前的事。 43. A。联系上下文Old people like herself. 是报纸的一个话题（subject），因此其它选项不合题意。 44. A。get old在这里为系表结构，其它选项不正确。 45. C。B，D项有较大干扰性。作者举的例子说明很多老年人被其孙子女误解，而不是（他们的要求）被拒绝等。 46. A。从空后的see the truth behind a problem我们得知，Anna Douglas用的是 thinking abilities。 47. C。从下文举的例子看，她明白的是事情的起因，因此其它选项不合题意。 48. B。A项有较大干扰性。从前文我们知道Anna Douglas是靠写文章与老年人交流，而不是建立了咨询中心，因此A项不合题意。 49. C。联系上下文我们可以推知，这位老年人与其孙子女关系并不融洽，因此当他进来时，孩子们就离开。 50. C。她给这位老人建议了几种方法。 51. B。A，C有较大干扰性。从空后的 your grandchildrens world我们得知，想了解孙子女世界的一切是不可能的。 52. A。本空承接and前的分句而来，因此答案应在questioning和listening间选择，选项中没有questioning。 53. B。联系上文Say good things to them and about them. 得此答案。A项有一定干扰性，空前的Never决定了此选项不正确。 54. D。stick to在这里是“固执地坚持”。A，B均有一定干扰性。联系前文Mrs Douglas认为老人应该多听听孙子女的见解，不要太固执地坚持自己的看法。 speak out意思是“说出”，give up是“放弃”，因此不合题意。 55. A。D有较大干扰性。Naturally意思是“自然而然地”，而Commonly指“通常情况下”。