语言学第四章课后练习.doc

8、 The following phrases include a head, a plement, and in some cases a specifier、 Draw the appropriate tree structure for each phrases、a、 rich in minerals AP A PP P NP N Rich in minerals b、 often read detective stories VP Qual V NP A N Often read detective storiesc、 the argument against the proposals NP NP PP Det N P NP Det N the argument against the proposalsd、 already above the window PP Qual P NP Det N already above the window9、 The following sentences contain modifiers of various types、 For each sentence, first identify the modifier(s), then draw the tree structures、a、 A crippled passenger landed the airplane with extreme caution、 Infl P(S) NP Infl VP V NP PP Det AP N None pst Det N P NP A AP N A A crippled passenger landed the airplane with extreme caution b、 A huge moon hung in the black sky、 Infl P (s) NP Infl VP Det AP N V PP P NP A Det AP N A A huge moon hung in the black skyC、 The man examined his car carefully yesterday、 Infl P(S) NP infl VP Det N pst V NP Adv Adv Det N The man examined his car carefully yesterday d、 A wooden hut near the lake collapsed in the storm、 Infl P (S) NP Infl VP Det AP N PP V PP P NP P NP Det N Det N A wooden hut neat the lake collapsed in the storm10、 The following sentences all contain conjoined categories、 Draw a tree structure for each of the sentences、a、 Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants、 InflP(=S)NP Aux V NP N Det A NP N CON N Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pantsor InflP(=S)NP Aux V NP N Det A NP N CON N Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pantsb、 Helen put on her clothes and went out、 InflP(=S) NP VP VP CON VP VP NP V Adv V P Det N Helen put on her clothes and went outOR InflP(=S) NP Infl VP pst VP CON VP VP NP V Adv V P Det N Helen put on her clothes and went outc、 Mary is fond of literature but tired of statistics、 InflP(=S) NP VP VP CON VP N VP NP VP NP V A P N V A P N Mary is fond of literature but (is) tired of statistics OR InflP(=S) Infl NP VP nonpst VP CON VP N VP NP VP NP V A P N V A P N Mary is fond of literature but (is) tired of statistics 11、 The following sentences all contain contain embedded clauses that function as plements of a verb, an adjective, a preposition or a noun、 Draw a tree structure for each sentence、a. You know that I hate war、 S NP VP N V CP C S NP VP N V NP N You know that I hate wat OR S NP Infl VP N Nonpst V CP C S NP VP N V NP N You know that I hate wat b. Gerry believes the fact that Anna flunked the English exam、 S NP VP N VP NP NP CP V C S Det N NP VP N V NP Det A N Gerry believe the fact that Anna flunked the English examc. Chris was happy that his father bought him a Rolls-Royce、 S NP VP N V A CP C S NP VP Det N V NP NP N Det N Chris was happy that his father bought him a Rolls-Royce d. The children argued over whether bats had wings、 S NP VP Det N VP CP V P C S NP VP N V NP N The children argued over whether bats had wings12、 a、 The essay that he wrote was excellent、 Deep structure CP C S NP VP Det N CP V AP C S Deg P NP Infl VP V NP N N The essay he wrote that was too long Surface structure CP C S NP VP Det N CP V AP C S Deg P NP NP Infl VP V NP N N N The essay that he wrote e was too long b、 Hebert bought a house that she loved、Deep structure CP C S NP VP N Infl V NP Det N CP C S NP Infl VP N V NP N Hebert bought a house she loved that Surface structure CP C S NP VP N Infl V NP Det N CP C S NP NP Infl VP N N V NP N Hebert bought a house that she loved e c、 The girl whom he adores majors in linguistics、 Deep structure CP C S NP VP Det N CP V PP C Infl S P NP NP VP NP N V N The girl he adores whom majors in linguistics Surface structure CP C S NP VP Det N CP V PP C Infl S P NP NP NP VP NP N N V N The girl whom he adores e majors in linguistics 13、a、 Would you e tomorrow? Deep structure CP C S NP VP N Infl V AdvP Adv You would e tomorrow Surface structure CP C S Infl NP VP N Infl V AdvP Adv would you e e tomorrowb、 What did Helen bring to the party? Deep structure CP C S NP VP Infl V NP PP N N P NP Det N Helen did bring what to the party Surface structure CP NP C S N Infl NP VP Infl V NP PP N N P NP