基础医学英语词汇.doc

基础医学英语词汇
常见医学单词：
BSL Blood Sugar Level 血糖水平
anti-coagulation 抗凝
CHF Congestive Heart Failure 充血性心力衰竭
constrict / constriction 收缩
RBC Red Blood Cell
dilate / dilation 舒张
WBC White Blood Cell
negative 阴性
Platelet 血小板
positive 阳性
Plasma/serum 血浆
myocardium 心肌
Consciousness 意识
coronary artery 冠状动脉
Hypoxia 缺氧
ventricle 心室
Osmotic pressure 渗透压
atrium 心房
Colloid Osmotic pressure 胶体渗透压
blood supply 血供
Spinal column 脊柱
BT bleeding time 出血时间
Acidosis 酸中毒 Alkalosis 碱中毒
CT clotting time 凝血时间
Pulmonary edema 肺水肿
water-soluble 水溶性
nerve 神经
fat-soluble 脂溶性
Oxygen 氧气
pulmonary arterial / vein肺动/静脉
Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
elastic 有弹性的
Stomach 胃
tissue 组织
Gastric contents 胃内容物
aorta 主动脉
Risk factor 危险因素
exchange 交换
Flushed skin 皮肤发红
gallbladder 胆囊
Pallor 苍白
lung 肺
Dizziness 头晕
kidney 肾
Nausea 恶心
cardiac output 心输出量
Vomit 呕吐
peripheral resistance 外周阻力
Seizure 惊厥
systolic blood pressure 收缩压
Enema 灌肠
diastolic blood pressure 舒张压
Electrolyte 电解质
normal range 正常范围
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱
capillary 毛细血管
BUN blood urea nitrogen血尿素氮
circulatory system 循环系统
Blood gas 血气
release 释放
Hormone 激素
superficial 表浅的
Protein 蛋白质
blood volume 血容量
Albumin 白蛋白
bradycardia 心动过缓
Glucose 葡萄糖
tachycardia 心动过速
Hemoglobin 血红蛋白
valve 瓣膜
Sternum 胸骨
forearm 前臂
Rib 肋骨
breast 胸部，乳房
Liver 肝
armpit 腋窝
Spleen 脾
groin 腹股沟
Pancreas 胰腺
prevent 预防
Iron 鉄
bloodstream 血流
Calcium 钙
fiber 纤维
Magnesium 镁
acute 急性的
Sodium 钠
diarrhea 腹泻
Potassium 钾
Antibody-antigen complex 抗原抗体复合物
Bone marrow 骨髓
myocardial infarction
Transplant 移植
low-grade fever 低热
Blurred vision 视力模糊
chill 寒战
Spontaneous 自主的
urticaria 风疹
Dysrhythmia 心律不齐
inhibitor 抑制剂
GI irritation 胃肠刺激
inflammation 炎症
Intake and output 出入量
angioplasty 血管扩张术
Hypokalemia 低血钾
normal saline 生理盐水
Hyperkalemia 高血钾
circulatory overload 循环负担过重
Hypotension 低血压
shortness of breath 气短
Hypertension 高血压
restless 烦躁不安
Antihypertensive 抗高血压药
rapid and thready pulse 脉搏细速
Headache 头痛
orthopnea 端坐呼吸
Urinary retention 尿储留
pallor/ cyanosis 苍白
Angina pectoris 心绞痛 chest pain
central venous pressure 中心静脉压
Sublingual 舌下的
Fowler’s position 端座卧位
Oral 口服的
Semi- Fowler’s position 半座卧位
Topical 局部的
dyspnea 呼吸困难
Calcium channel blocker 钙离子通道阻滞剂
diuretics 利尿剂
Mucosa 粘膜
impaired 受损的
Orthostatic hypotension 体位性低血压
pink and frothy sputum粉红色泡沫样痰
Hypoglycemia 低血糖
yellow sputum 黄痰
Hyperglycemia 高血糖
blood-streaked sputum 血丝痰
Hypovolemia 低血容量
mucoid sputum 黏液痰
Hypervolemia 高血容量
breathing pattern 呼吸模式
Preload and afterload （心脏的）前后负荷
sterile 无菌的
Dehydration 脱水
container 容器
Uric acid 尿酸
cool clammy skin 皮肤湿冷
Sign 体征
preventive 预防性的
Symptom 症状
bronchitis 支气管炎
Symptom free/ asymptomatic 无症状
pneumonia 肺炎
Monitor 监测
concentration 浓度
Constipation 便秘
barrel chest 桶状胸
Skin rash 皮疹
distended neck vein 颈静脉怒张
Heparin 肝素
external irritant 外界刺激物
Warfarin 华法林
endocrine system 内分泌系统
Hemorrhage 大出血
insulin 胰岛素
Therapy 疗法
absorption 吸收
Alcohol 酒精
reabsorption 再吸收
Anemia 贫血
shock 休克
Folic acid 叶酸
trauma 外伤
Allergic reaction 过敏反应
complication 并发症
Bile 胆汁
compensatory 代偿的
Bile acid 胆汁酸
Cholesterol 胆固醇
Obesity 肥胖症
Stuffy nose 鼻塞
collect sputum and blood specimen for culture and sensitivity tests 收集痰血标本做细菌培养和药敏
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢性阻塞性肺疾病
DM Diabetes Mellitus 糖尿病
Gestational diabetes 妊娠糖尿病
Ketone body 酮体
Ketoacidosis 酮症酸中毒
Insulin resistant 胰岛素耐受
Carbohydrate 碳水化合物
Mechanism 机制，机理
IDDM (Type 1) insulin-dependant diabetes mellitue 胰岛素依赖性糖尿病
NIDDM (Type 2) non-insulin-dependant diabetes mellitue非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病
Glucose Tolerance Test 糖耐量试验
Oral anti-diabetic medications 口服降糖药
PVD peripheral vascular disease 外周血管病
Arterioatherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化
CAD coronary artery disease 冠心病
CVD cerebral vascular disease 脑血管病
Polyuria 多尿
Ulcer 溃疡
Gangrene 坏疽
Fatigue 疲乏
Blurred vision 视力模糊
Fasting blood sugar 空腹血糖
2-hour post-prandial glucose 餐后两小时血糖
Hemoglobin 血红蛋白
Metabolic acidosis 代谢性酸中毒
Respiratory acidosis 呼吸性酸中毒
Ketonuria 酮尿
Sweet breath odor 烂苹果味呼吸
Mental confusion 精神错乱
Slurred speech 说话含糊不清
Wound healing 伤口愈合
Renal function 肾功能
Renal failure 肾衰
Uremia 尿毒症
Creatinine 肌酐
Urea 尿素
Internal 内部的
External 外部的
Itching 痒
BUN blood urea nitrogen 血尿素氮
Carbon dioxide combining power 二氧化碳结合力
Urine gravity 尿比重
Bleeding tendency 出血倾向
Injury 外伤
Patency 开放，通畅
Bed sore 褥疮
Skin care 皮肤护理
Paraplegia 截瘫
Pacemaker 起搏器
Elevate 抬高
Pitting edema 凹陷型水肿
Sodium-restricted diet 限钠饮食
Interstitial space 组织间隙
Extremity 四肢，肢端
Deficiency 缺乏，不足
Blood transfusion 输血
GI irritation 胃肠刺激
Pleural space 胸膜腔
Fluctuate 波动
Kink 弯曲，折住
Water-seal chamber 水封瓶
Subcutaneous emphysema 皮下气肿
Airtight 密封的
Sharp pain 锐痛
Dull pain 钝痛
Burning pain 灼痛
Radiating pain 放射痛
各科室名称：
medical department; department of internal medicine: 内科
surgical department; department of surgery: 外科
department of obstetrics and gynecology : 妇产科
ophtalmology department: 眼科
dental department: 牙科
ENT(ear-nose-throat)department: 耳鼻喉科
urology department: 泌尿科
dermatology department; skin department: 皮肤科
orthopedic surgery department: 矫形外科
traumatology department: 创伤外科
plastic surgery: 整形外科
anesthesiology department: 麻醉科
pathology department: 病理科
cardiology department: 心脏病科
psychiatry department: 精神病科
orthopedics department: 骨科
department of cardiac surgery: 心脏外科
department of cerebral surgery: 胸外科
neurology department: 神经科
neurosurgery department: 神经外科
thoracic surgery department: 脑外科
department of traditional Chinese medicine: 中医科
registration office: 挂号处
out-patient department: 门诊部
in-patient department: 住院部
nursing department: 护理部
consulting room: 诊室
waiting room: 候诊室
emergency room: 急诊室
admitting office: 住院处
operation room: 手术室
X-ray department: 放射科
blood bank: 血库
dispensary; pharmacy: 药房
ward: 病房
laboratory: 化验室牤
Department of Nephrology 肾内科
Department of Chemotherapy 化疗科
Department of Radiotherapy 放疗科
Department of Endocrinology 内分泌科
Respiratory medicine 呼吸科
Rheumatology 风湿科
Hematology 血液科
Geriatrics 老年科
Neurology 神经科
Oncology 肿瘤科
Thoracic surgery 胸外科
Urology 泌尿外科
Neurosurgery 神经外科
Vascular surgery 周围血管外科
Gastroenterology 肠胃外科
Hepatobiliary surgery 肝胆外科
General surgery 普外科
Orthopedics 骨科
Cardiovascular surgery 心外科
Burns surgery 烧伤科
Hand surgery 手外科
Plastic surgery 整形外科
Pediatric surgery 儿外科
Obstetrics and gynecology 妇产科
Stomatology 口腔科
Ophthalmology 眼科
Infectious disease 感染科
Dermatology 皮肤科
Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) 耳鼻喉科
Nuclear medicine 核医学科
Psychiatry 精神科
Medical rehabilitation 康复科
Anesthesiology 麻醉科
Radiology 放射科
Ultrasonography 超声科
Pain management 疼痛科
Pharmacology 药理科
Internal Medicine 内科
常见护理英语80句
一．Receiving the patient（接待病人）
1.How do you do? / Good morning!
您好！（初次见面时使用）/早上好！
2.　What can I do for you? /Can I help you?
您需要我帮助吗？
3．I’ll bring you to your bedside, please follow me. This is your bed..
　 我要领您到床边去.请跟我来.这是您的床位.
4.The toilet is over there. 卫生间在那边
5.We supply hot water. 我们供应热水
6.Please wait a moment. I’ll let your doctor know. / I’ll inform your doctor.
请等一会儿,我去通知医生.
7.Mary is the nurse /doctor in charge of you.玛丽是您的负责护士/医生
8.　Please let us know if you need any help. 您需要帮助时，请告诉我们.
9.　Smoking is not allowed here.　 这里不允许吸烟

二.information collection (收集信息)
10.Do you mind if I ask you a few questions? 您介意我问您几个问题吗?
11. We need some information from you. 我们需要从您这儿收集一些信息.
12. Is your tummy still sore? 您的肚子还疼吗?
13. Does your pain come on after or before meals? 您的疼痛是在饭前还是饭后发作？
14. Does it hurt to pass urine? /when I press here? 排尿时痛吗？/ 当我按压这儿时痛吗？
15. Does your back ache? 您的后背痛吗？
16.Do your feet swell?　您的脚肿了吗？
17. Do you have a cough/fever? 您咳嗽吗？/ 您有发热吗？
18. Do you bring up any sputum? 您咳痰吗？
19. Is there any radiation of the pain? (to the shoulder)有放射（到肩部的）痛吗？
20. How long have you had the pain? 您的痛有多长时间了？
21. When did the pain start? /where is your pain? 疼痛从什么时候开始的/什么地方疼痛？
22. Are your periods regular? 您的月经规则吗？

三．Physical examination（查体）
23.Will you please undress for medical examination? 请您脱下衣服做体检好吗？
24. Take off your clothes, please. 请把衣服脱下来
25.Lie down on the couch, please. /Just lie still on the couch and relax.
请躺在治疗床上./ 请安静地躺在治疗床上,放松.
26.Bend your knees, please. 请屈膝.
27.Open your mouth and say ’ah" 张开口, 说: 啊
28.Beathe deeply, please./take a deep breath, please.请深呼吸
29.May I examine your tummy, please? 我要检查下您的肚子, 好吗?
30.Roll up your sleeves, please. 请卷起袖子.

四．Communication. (交流)
31.I am going to take your temperature./Please put the thermometer under your armpit.
我要测一下您的体温/请把体温计放在您的腋下.
32.Let me feel your pulse.让我测一下您的脉搏.
33. I’ll test/take your blood pressure. 我要测量您的血压.
34. I’m afraid I have to prick your finger and take a drop of blood for blood sugar level.
我要取一滴指血做血糖测定, 需要刺一下手指.
35. I’ll take some blood from your arm now. 现在我要从您的胳膊抽血.
36. Don’t take any thing by mouth after midnight until the blood is drawn tomorrow morning.
半夜之后不要吃喝任何东西，明天早上抽血.
37. Please bring a specimen of your urine/stool/sputum./ please collect your mid-stream specimen of urine.
请留一份尿/便/痰的标本/请收集您的中段尿.
38. Please have your blood and urine tests done. 请做一下您的血和尿试验.
39. You are going to have a CT-scan of your chest/head today.
今天您要做一个胸部/头部CT.
40. You are going to have a chest X-ray this morning. 今天早上您要拍一个胸片.
41. You are going to have a B-mode ultrasonic exam. Please keep your bladder full.
您要做B超检查,请留尿,使膀胱充盈.
42. You are going to have an gastric endoscopy tomorrow morning. Please don’t eat or drink
anything after 12 o’clock tonight. 明天上午您要做胃镜检查，今晚12点之后，请不要吃喝任何东西。
43. You are going to have urine catheterization now. 现在您需要导尿.
44. I’m going to do an ECG for you. 我要给您做心电图.
45. I’m going to put a gastric tube into your stomach, this is for gastrointestinal decompression.
我要放胃管到您的胃内，这是胃肠减压.
We can feed you the necessary nutrients through the tube. Please swallow the tube as I put it down.我们通过胃管给您必要的营养.当我放管时,请做吞咽动作.
46. I’m going to make your bed. / we’ll change the bed linen at once.我要给您整理床铺/我们马上给您换床单.
47.I’ll apply a cold(hot) compress to your ankle.我要给您的踝部冷/热敷
48.An operation will be done tomorrow/ an emergency operation must be done now.
Will you please sign to give your permission for your operation? 明天将做手术/现在马上做急诊手术. 同意手术请您签字好吗？
49. I’m going to shave your skin. / I’m going to do skin preparation for you. 我要给您做备皮/我要给您做皮肤准备。
50. You’re going to have a local/general/epidural anesthesia. 要给您做局麻/全身麻醉/硬膜外麻醉.
51. Are you allergic to any medication?/ penicillin?您对什么药物/青霉素过敏吗?
52. I’m going to do a skin test of penicillin for you./ If you feel itchy or short of breath, please let me know at once. I’ll see the result in fifteen minutes. /I’m going to do a tetanus hypersensitive test for you. 我要给您做青霉素皮试. 如果您感到痒或气短,请立刻告诉我./我十五分钟后看结果./我要给您做破伤风皮试.
53. I’m going to give you an intramuscular injection./intravenous infusion/hypodermic injection. 我要给您做肌肉/静脉/皮内注射
54.I’m going to give you an enema to help you pass motion.我要给您灌肠, 帮助您排便
55.The doctor will change your dressing. /The doctor will remove your stitches.医生要给您换药/医生要给您拆线.
56.I’m going to give you oxygen now. 我要给您吸氧
57.I’m going to give you nebulization.我要给您(雾化)吸入.
58. I’m going to do bladder irrigation for you.我要给您做膀胱冲洗
59.You have to rest in bed for at least one week您至少要卧床休息一周.
60. How are you today? How was your sleep last night? How is your appetite?
您今天怎么样？您昨晚睡得怎么样？您的食欲怎么样？
61. Did you pass motion yesterday? /Are your bowel movements normal? 昨天您排便了吗？/您的大便正常吗？
62. What color of your urine? 您的尿液什么颜色？
63. How