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考研英语同义词、近形词、词根、前后缀归纳总结(2).doc

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1、根据最近几年考研真题整理出来的考研词汇与大家分享考研同义近形词归纳一名词中同义词、近形词部分归纳1表示“能力”意思的词语:Ability, capability, competency, faculty, capacity, gift, talent2表示“目的、目标”意思的词语:Aim, purpose, aim, intent, intention, goal, end3表示“关系、联系”意思的词语:Ties, bonds, links, connection, association, relations, combination, relationship, interrelation

2、s, relevance4表示“差别”意思的词语:Difference, distinction, differentiation5表示“资本、资金”意思的词语:Capital, fund, money, relief6表示“个人”意思的词语:Person, people, folks, individuals, man, human being7表示“意义、含义”意思的词语:Meaning, significance, implication, connotation8表示“部分、成分”意思的词语:Part, element, ingredient, component, factor, s

3、egment9表示“不平等、歧视”意思的词语:Inequality, bias, prejudice, discrimination10表示“对手、支持者”意思的词语:Opponent, rivals, proponent, advocates11表示“商品”意思的词语:Commodity, goods12表示“将来”意思的词语:Future, prospect13表示“理由”意思的词语:Reason, ground, cause14表示“后代、子孙”意思的词语:Offspring, descendant, posterity, children15表示“补充”意思的词语:Complement

4、, supplement,append16表示与“树木”有关的词语:Bush, shrub, jungle17表示“边界”意思的词语:Boundary, border, frontier, verge18表示“错误”意思的词语:Blunder, error, mistake, fault19表示“基础”意思的词语:Basis, foundation, ground20表示“会议”意思的词语:Assembly, conference, congress, seminar, session, summit, symposium, meeting, gathering, party21表示“区域”意

5、思的词语:Area, district, region, vicinity, zone22表示“成就”意思的词语:Accomplishment, attainment, achievement, success23表示“要点、摘要”意思的词语:abstract, digest, outline, summary24表示“程度”意思的词语:to the degree, to some extent25表示“生气”意思的词语:Anger, fury, indignation, resentment, hate, hatred26表示“ 痛苦,悲伤 ”意思的词语:pain, sadness, unh

6、appiness, misery, anguish27表示“标准”意思的词语:standard, criteria28字形相似的词:welfare(福利), warfare(战争), farewell(告别)29字形相似的词:attitude(态度), altitude(海拔,高度), magnitude(数量), multitude(多数), aptitude(天资,天赋), latitude(纬度, 地区),gratitude(感谢)30字形相似的词:convention(习俗,传统), conversion(变化,转换),conviction(坚定的信念或看法), conservatio

7、n(保存,保持), conversation(交谈)31字形相似和近义词:vocation, job, work, profession, occupation, field, career, /vacation, holiday, travel, journey, voyage, trip, excursion32近义词:pace(步伐), speed(速度,速率), rate(速度,百分比),ratio(比例,比率), rhythm(韵律,节奏)33近义词:process(进程,过程), procedure(步骤,手续),course(时间的经过)二常用的动词同义词归纳1表示“导致”意思的

8、词语:Lead to, bring about, give rise to, givebirth to, contribute to, causeto, result in, engender, render, prompt, cause, make, result from(起因于)2表示“面对、偶遇”意思的词语:Confront, be confronted with, face, be faced with, meet with, encounter.3表示“集中于”意思的词语:Center on, focus on, concentrate on4表示“对付、处理”意思的词语:Deal

9、 with, cope with, handle, tackle, manipulate,5表示“消失”意思的词语:Disappear, vanish, fade, perish6表示“减少、增加”意思的词语:Diminish, lessen, decrease, drop, reduce, fall, /accumulate, increase, rise, soar, rocket7表示“依靠、依赖”意思的词语:Rely on(upon), depend on(upon), count on (upon), rest on(upon)8表示“变化”意思的词语:Change, turn, v

10、ary/range, alter, transform, shift, convert.9表示“指控”意思的词语:Charge with, accuse of, sue for, condemn, denounce, prosecute10表示“克服、战胜”意思的词语:Overcome, conquer, defeat,11表示“获得、得到”意思的词语:Achieve, obtain, get, accomplish, earn, attain, secure, acquire, gain12表示“抓住”意思的词语:Catch, seize, capture, catch hold of, g

11、rab13表示“限制”意思的词语:Limit, confine, restrict.14表示“强迫”意思的词语:compel, constrain, force, oblige。15表示“责怪”意思的词语:blame, condemn, reproach, scold。16表示“困惑、迷惑”意思的词语:bewilder, puzzle, confuse, embarrass, perplex。17表示“赞扬、称赞”意思的词语:applaud, clap, commend, praise18表示“扩大、加强”意思的词语:amplify, enlarge, stretch, magnify, re

12、inforce, expand19表示“声称”意思的词语:affirm, assert, allege, claim, announce, proclaim。20表示“附加”意思的词语:affiliate, link, attach, append。21表示“调整、改变”意思的词语:adjust, regulate, rectify, amend,convert, alter, modify, transform, vary。22表示“提供”意思的词语:accommodate, afford, furnish。23表示“取消、除掉”意思的词语:abolish, cancel, eliminat

13、e, dispose, erase, exclude, extinguish24表示“遵守”意思的词语:abide by, adhere to, conform to , comply with。25表示“繁荣、兴旺”意思的词语:flourish, boom, prosper, succeed.26表示“阻止、停止”意思的词语:stopfrom, prevent.from, keep from, halt, pause, cease27表示“忍受”意思的词语:endure, bear, stand, tolerate, put up with, live with28表示“来自于,出自于,起因

14、于”意思的词语:come from, arise from,derive from, originate from, stem from, result from.29表示“起作用,有重要性”意思的词语:count, matter, play a role, play a part。30字形相似的词:Undergo(经历), understand(理解), undertake(承担,约定), undercut(减低), underlie(成为基础), underline(下划线,强调), undo(解开,恢复),undermine(weaken削弱)31Describe(描绘), prescr

15、ibe(开处方,规定), ascribe to(归因于),subscribeto(捐助,同意,订阅)32Believe(相信), relieveof (减轻), belief(观点), relief(救济)33字形相似的词:reduce(减少), deduce(推论,推断), induce(引诱,促使), produce34近义词:release(解放,释放), announce(宣布,通知), declare(公开,宣布), proclaim(官方宣布)35字形相似的词:adopt(采纳,采取,收养), adapt (to) (改写,适应), adept(熟练的)36字形相似的词:rise-

16、rose, risen(上升,起身), arise(出现), raise(举起,抬起,抚养), praise(赞扬), arouse(引起,激起)。37字形相似的词:assure(使相信,使放心assure sb. of sth, assure sb. that), ensure (ensure sth, ensure that保证), insure(保险,投保)38近义词:remember (记得,记住),remind sb. to do(提醒做某事),remind sb. of sth. (使人想起), recall (回忆起,回想起)39近义词:代替replace By /with 和S

17、ubstitute . For。40表示“吃惊,惊奇”意思的词语:surprise, shock, amaze, astonish,astound,三形容词和副词同义词归纳1表示“与有关/联系”意思的词组 :Be relevant to, be related to, be tied to, be linked to, be associated with, be connected with, be combined with2表示“好”意思的词语:wonderful, excellent, good, super, superb, magnificent, first-class, rem

18、arkable, fantastic, cool, splendid.3表示“充足”意思的词语:sufficient, enough, adequate, rich, abundant, plentiful4表示“不足”意思的词语:lack, be short of, for want of, for lack of,5表示“可怕、有害”意思的词语:dreadful, terrible, frightening, horrible, awful, harmful, bad, detrimental, adverse, unfavorable, negative.6表示“有能力做”意思的词语:b

19、e competent in/as/to do , be capable of , be qualified for/as, be able to7表示“传统、习惯 ”等有关的词语:traditional, conventional, customary, habitual, social, global8表示“许多、大量 ”意思的词语:many/much,a lot of/lots of/, a large number of, a large amount of, plenty of , plentiful, considerable, ample, numerous, countless

20、,9表示“合不合适”意思的词语:right, proper, suitable, appropriate, fit, improper, unsuitable, inappropriate, unfit10表示“效果、效率”意思的词语:effective, effectual, efficient, sufficient11表示“合不合理 ”的词语:logical, reasonable, sensible, rational, /illogical, unreasonable, irrational12表示“倾向于”意思的词语:be likely to, be liable to, be i

21、nclined to, be apt to, tend to13表示“意不意识到”的词语:be aware of, be conscious of, be unaware of, be unconscious of, subconscious(潜意识的)14表示“简短”意思的词语:brief, concise, in brief, in short15表示“合不合法”意思的词语:legitimate, lawful, legal, illegal,16表示“精确、准确”意思的词语:accurate, precise, exact,17表示与“身体”有关意思的词语:bodily, physica

22、l, mental, spiritual, materialistic,18表示“态度”意思的词语:optimistic, pessimistic, objective, subjective, impartial,19表示与“谨慎、小心”有关意思的词语:careful, cautious, prudent, careless, carefree20表示“虚弱”意思的词语:weak, fragile, frail, invalid, feeble, vulnerable21表示“基本”意思的词语:basic, elementary, fundamental, primary22表示“天生”意思

23、的词语:inborn, innate, inherent, gifted, talented23表示“普遍、一般”意思的词语:average, common, general, universal, usual24表示“明显的,清楚的”意思的词语:apparent, evident, self-evident, manifest, obvious, distinct, clear/ ambiguous, obscure, unclear25表示“严重的、紧急的”意思的词语:acute, critical, crucial, urgent, serious, emergent26表示“愚蠢,可笑

24、”的词语:absurd, ridiculous, silly, foolish, stupid, ironic, funny27表示“节约,奢侈 ”的词语:economic(经济的), economical(节约的), thrifty(节省的), simple, luxurious, extravagant(浪费的), generous(大方的)28表示“富裕”意思的词语:rich, wealthy, affluent,well-off29表示“仅仅,唯一,就是”意思的词语:only, just, merely, solely, simply, uniquely, alone30表示“可能的”

25、意思的词语:possible, likely, probable, presumable31表示“有决心的,坚定的”意思的词语:determined, resolute, firm, decisive32表示“不断的,不停的”意思的词语:continual, continuous, uninterrupted, successive, eternal, endless, successful(成功的), succession(连续不断)33表示“永久的,永恒的”意思的词语:lasting, ever-lasting, permanent, perpetual, temporary(暂时的)34

26、表示“致命的,要死的 ”意思的词语:deadly, fatal, mortal,35表示“重要的,必要的,关键的”意思的词语:important, significant, vital, critical, crucial, necessary, essential, indispensable36表示“ 愿不愿意”意思的词语:Willing, unwilling=reluctant37表示“喜欢、感兴趣”意思的词语:be interested in, be keen on, be fond of, be crazy about, be enthusiastic about, be addic

27、ted to(上瘾)38Internal(内部的), inclusive(包含的), intensive, inside, implicit, external, exclusive, extensive, outside, explicit39Consequent(由而起), subsequent(随后的), frequent(经常的)40字形相似的词:optimal(最佳的,最理想的), optional(可选择的), optical(视力的,光学的), optimistic(乐观的)四动词常用后缀en-, em- 使成为enable(使能够) encourage(鼓励)enforce(实

28、施)enlarge(扩大)entitle(有权利做)empower(授权)endanger(危害)enjoy(喜欢)enrich(变富,使丰富)ensure(确保)enlighten(启发)entrust(委托)-en 做,使变成fasten(系好)harden(使坚固)lengthen(加长)threaten(威胁)loosen(放松,松弛)widen(拓宽)weaken(削弱)strengthen(加强)hasten(急忙,赶快)shorten(缩短)entail(使必要)encode(解码)enclose(装入,封入)enforce(实施,实行)engender(造成,产生)enroll

29、(招收,登记)-ify 化,使成为,变成beautify(美化)intensify(加剧)horrify(使恐怖)clarify(澄清)identify(辨认,识别)justify(认为合理) specify(指定,详述)solidify(巩固)purify(洁净,净化) qualify(胜任,有资格)rectify( 改正,修改)-ize 化,照样子做apologize(道歉)maximize(最大化)organize(组织)utilize(使用)mobilize(动员)criticize(批评) publicize(宣传)visualize(想象)democratize(民主化)chara

30、cterize(概括)specialize(专攻)realize(实现)industrialize(工业化)revolutionize(彻底改革)recognize(认出)civilize(使文明)五形容词常用后缀-able, -ible, -ble 能够,值得knowledgeable(知识渊博的)sustainable(可持续的)acceptableavailable(可以得到的)comparable(可比的)favorable(有利的)honorable(可敬的,光荣的) liable(倾向于,有责任的)noticeable(注意到的)reliable(可靠的)unbelievable

31、(难以相信的)responsible-al 的,行为,人,物skeptical(怀疑的)perpetual(永恒的)commercial(商业的)annual(每年的)casual(随意的)classical(古典式的)continual(不断的)conventional(传统的)experimental(实验的)identical(相同的)optional(选择的)detrimental(有害的)critical(关键的,批评的) original(原始的,原创的)-ate -affectionate(亲爱的) passionate(热情的,多情的)-ed 的accustomed(习惯的)

32、advanced(先进的)ashamed(羞愧的)beloved(敬爱的)complicated(复杂的)crowded(拥挤的)learned(有学问的)limited(有限的)naked(裸露的)puzzled(困惑的)amazed(吃惊的)-en 做,使,的,人golden(金色的),wooden(木制的)woolen(羊毛的)-ent-proficient(熟练的)turbulent(动荡不安的)persistent(坚持的)-ful 的powerful(强大的)doubtful(怀疑的)colorful(五颜六色的)faithful(忠诚的)fearful(畏惧的)fruitful(

33、有成效的)grateful(感谢的)hopeful(有希望的)peaceful(和平的)plentiful(大量的)thoughtful(善于思考的,体贴的)-Fold - 倍数tenfold(十倍的)hundredfold-ic,ical 的,人,学optimistic(乐观的)dynamic(有活力的)academic(学术的,学业的artistic(艺术的,高尚的)economic(经济的) electronic(电子的)heroic(英勇的) organic(有机的) systematic(系统的)practical(实际的) statistical(统计的)-ish 的,有性质的se

34、lfish(自私的)British(英国的)-sive -divisive(分裂的)aggressive(挑衅的,好斗的)-tive 的,人,物assimilative(同化的)conservative(保守的)active(积极的)comparative(比较的) collective(集体的)creative(有创造力的)relative(相关的)protective(保护的)-less 无的,不的endless(无穷的)careless(粗心的)helpless(无助的)hopeless(没希望的) restless(不安的)worthless(无价值的)-like 如的 childli

35、ke(像孩子一样的), godlike(神似的)-ly 的,地 deadly(致命的)elderly(上了年纪的)monthly/weekly/yearly-ous,-ious 的ambitious(有抱负的) anxious(着急的)cautious(小心的)curious(好奇的)dangerous(危险的) delicious(美味的)famous(著名的)glorious(光荣的)religious(宗教的)suspicious(怀疑的)insidious(隐蔽的)-some-handsome(英俊的)burdensome(有负担的)troublesome(麻烦的)tiresome(讨

36、厌的)quarrelsome(好争吵的)-y 的,人,物rainy(下雨的) noisy(嘈杂的) dirtygreedy(贪婪的)sunny/rainy/cloudy/stormywealthy(富裕的)slippery(滑的)-ory- compulsory(强迫的,义务的)illusory(欺骗的,虚幻的)同源异义形容词归纳 在英语中有些词有两种或两种以上的形容词形式,它们具有词形相近,但词义不同的特点,在识别时容易用错,需要引起我们特别注意。alternate (changing by turns) 轮流的,交替的alternative (giving a choice between

37、 two things) 选择的,两者择一的;beneficial 有益的beneficent 多多行善的childish 幼稚的(ish的形容词后缀常带有贬义)childlike 孩子般的,天真的classic 一流的classical 古典的clean 干净的cleanly 有干净习惯的 Are cats cleanly animals?comprehensible 可以理解的comprehensive 全面的,综合的;广泛的;能充分理解的, 包容的confident 有信心的,自信的confidential 机密的,机要的considerable 可以考虑的,相当的,相当多(大)的 a

38、considerable income/distanceconsiderate (thoughtful)体谅的,体贴的 周到的 She is considerate to others.contemptible可卑的;可耻的 a contemptible liecontemptuous表示轻视的 a contemptuous lookcontinual: 连续的,断断续续的 continual rain/noisecontinuous (going on without a break, an uninterrupted flow) 连续不断的,不停的 /continuous fight/wo

39、rkcredible可信的,可靠的 a credible witnesscredulous (too ready to believe thing) 轻易相信的,易上当的 He always cheats credulous people.creditable (that brings credit)可称赞的 a creditable record/deed/effortincredible 难以置信的incredulous 不轻易相信人的comparable 可比较的, 有类似之处的comparative 比较而言的, 相当的 /There is no scenery comparable

40、to that of the West lake. 没有地方的景色能与西湖的景色相媲美。 /He lived in comparative comfort recently. 他最近生活得相当舒适。desirable 合意的,令人想要的desirous 渴望的desired 某人想要的disinterested 公平的,公正的uninterested 冷淡的,不感兴趣的distinct(clear) 明显的,清晰的distinctive(characteristic) 独特的,有区别的earthly 人间的,尘世的earthy 泥土似的elementary 基本的elemental 自然的ec

41、onomic 经济的,经济学的 economic policy/geography/crisis/economical(careful in the spending of money and time, not waste) 经济的,节俭的; /an economical housewife/store(节俭的主妇或节约型商店)effective 有效果的efficient 有效率的effectual 奏效的ineffectual 无效的electric: 用电的,带电的, 有电的 electric current/cableelectrical: relating to electrici

42、ty, an idea of a less close connection with electricity 与电有关的,电气的electronic engineering/apparatus 电气工程学/电气设备exceptionable 反对的exceptional 非凡的;特殊的,例外的eternal 永恒的, 永远的, 不灭的, 没完没了的external 外部的,外面的internal 内部的,里面的exclusive 排外的, 孤高的, 唯我独尊的;独占的, 唯一的, 独家的inclusive 包括在内的,包含一切的fatal 致命的fateful 决定性的fleshly 肉体的

43、fleshy 肥胖的forgettable 可以忘记的,forgetful 健忘的(常指人)healthy 健康的healthful 有易于健康的historic(famous in history) 历史上著名的;(associated with past times)与过去时代有关的, 比如 a historic event/speech 历史事件/历史演说historical(belong to history) 历史上的 /a historical people/novel/play/film/painting 历史人物/小说/戏剧/电影/绘画homely 家常的,丑的homelike

44、 像家的imaginable: 可以想象得 imaginable difficultiesimaginary: 想象中的,不真实的 an imaginary figureimaginative: 有想象力的,运用想象力的 an imaginative writerimpractical 不切合实际的impracticable 无法使用的implicit 暗含的,不清楚的explicit 明显的,清楚地industrial 工业的 the industrial revolution/products/systemindustrious=hard-working, diligent勤奋的,刻苦的

45、industrious peopleingenious 有独创性的;机灵的;精制的;具有创造才能ingenuous 直率的,天真的intelligent 有才智的, 聪明的 an intelligent looking girl intelligent answerintelligible 易了解的, 易领悟的 an intelligible speech/explanationintellectual 知识的, 智力的tense 紧张的intense 强烈的,剧烈的,高度的 intense heat 炽热/pain an intense lady 热情的女子intensive 精深的,集中的

46、 intensive reading/study 彻底研究/agriculture 密集农业extensive 广泛的inborn 天生的inherent 固有的,内在的innate 天生的intrinsic 内在的,根本的instinctive 本能的kind 慈善地kindly 友好的,亲切的likely 可能的likable 可爱的liberal 自由的literal 文字的, 照字面上的, 真的literate 识字的,有文化的illiterate 不识字的,文盲的literary 文学的manly 男人气派的male 男的masculine 男性的memorable 值得记忆的,不能忘却的memorial 纪念的;

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