01【语法填空考点分析与归纳】.doc

学乐教育每一步 关注成长每一天 咨询电话：[phone] XL-JX001广 州 学 乐 教 育语法填空考点分析与归纳学生姓名 卓辉莹 就读年级 高二 授课教师 胡周来 授课日期 2015.2. 教研院审核 考点1. 动词的时态和语态(1). The sun was setting down when my car _ ( break ) down near a remote and poor village . ( 07广东) (2). Being too anxious to help an event often _ ( result ) in the contrary to our intention. （ 08广东）(3).People stepped on your feet or _ ( push ) you with their elbows.（09广东）(4).“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane _ ( inform ).（09广东）(5).After a four-day journey, the young man _ ( present ) the water to the old man.（10广东）(6). He _( pretend ) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.（11广东）小结： 动词的时态、语态是每年的考点， 也是历年高考重点考查的项目，通常1-2道题。 重点考查的是时态 ，且多与语态一起考查。时态理解错误在考生中是常见的， 把握命题人的意图是至关重要的。 解题时：1).先判断所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，2). 谓语动词的话， 判断用主动语态还是被动语态，3). 判断用那种时态（根据具体的语境、时间状语或另一动词）。4). 确定所填动词的形式，保证谓语动词时态、语态、人称和数的一致。5). 特别注意：时态变化时不规则动词的拼写。考点2 . 非谓语动词 (1). While she was getting me _ ( settle ) into a tiny but clean room. （ 07广东） (2). The Proverb, “Plucking up a crop _( help ) it grow,” is based the following story.（08广东） (3). She wished that he was as easy _ ( please ) as her mother.（09广东） (4). He spit it out , _ ( say ) it was awful.（10广东） (5). - and then I noticed a man _ ( sit ) at the front.（11广东） 小结： 非谓语动词每年必考， 至少1道题， 主要考查：1). 动名词和不等式做宾语的区别；2). 非谓语动词做宾补的区别；3). 非谓语动词的时态、语态、否定式和复合结构。解题：1) 确定非谓语动词；（先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时，所给的动词就是非谓语动词） 2) 确定用那种非谓语动词；（在句子中作什么句子成分，结合固定搭配和习惯用法）3) 确定语态；（结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定填那种语态）4) 确定用那种时态；（ 非谓语动词所表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作生的先后关系确定时态）考点3. 情态动词 （ 广东高考这几年没出现）小结： 情态动词主要考查： 推测和可能性； 情态动词+ Have done ；虚拟语气； shall, should, can 和 must 所表示的特定语气。重点注意：1).must , can, could, may, might 表示可能性( 按可能性大小排列 )。2). must/ could/may/ might ( have done) 表示对发生事情的推测。3).should/ought + to + have done 表示对过去的责备。4).will/ shall 表示请求、许可。5). could /might/ should + have done 表示虚拟语气等。考点4. 冠词(必有一题)1. The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _ small town some 20 kilometers away. ( 07 广东) 2. Shopping at this time of the year was not _ pleasant experience. ( 09 广东) 3. A young man came across a spring of clear water, _ water was sweet. ( 10 广东) 4. We had _ amazing conversation. ( 11 广东) 小结： 冠词是高考的常考点。 若空格后面的名词 或 形容词+ 名词前没有物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格、指示代词等限定词时， 很可能填冠词。实战：1) . 如果空格及后面的名词可翻译成“ 一个 （ 本、种、杯 -） ” 时， 一般填 a/an. 如果可翻译成“ 这、这些、那、那些 ”时， 一般填 the .2) . 泛指填aan , 特指填the.3). 如果名词后面有: of 短语、不定式、分词或从句等做定语时可能填the. 定冠词的用法比较不好记，下面的顺口溜或许能帮助大家。 特指双熟悉， 上文已提及； 世上独无二， 序数最高级； 普转专有名， 习语及乐器。考点5. 名词、数词(1).But Jane knew from past experience that her _( choose ) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. ( 09 广东36) 小结： 要注意 语境中词性的判断、词的转换、序号和倍数的表示法。广东考题常给出提示词要求用它的正确形式填空做法： 1. 判断是否填名词；（一般在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格和一些不定代词后面）；2. 注意名词的活用和具体的考查方式；1) 考名词的书写方式2) 单复数变化；3) 是不可数名词具体化（ 不可数名词在特定的情况下可转化成可数名词）；4) 名词修饰名词等。考点6. 形容词、副词（必考）(1). We drank together and talked _ ( merry) till far into the night.（07 广东38） (2). He felt very happy since the crop did “grow” _ ( high ). ( 08 广东38) (3). His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _ ( warm)，and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. （10广东34） (4). I left early because I had an appointment _ ( late ) that day. ( 11 广东 16 )(5). He must be _ ( mental ) disabled. （ 11 广东 20 ）小结： 主要考查点是 形容词作定语、形容词和副词的比较级、 形容词和副词的相互转换等。 实战：1). 先分析句子成分， 作定语、表语、补语等用形容词；修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、或整个句子用副词；注意： 形容词（短语）可作伴随状语或结果状语。2). 结合上下文，分清句子结构，正确处理级的变化；注意隐含的比较级。3). 注意特殊的形容词、副词的比较等级的句型。4) .注意比较级的修饰词: 表“ 稍微” a bit, a little , some , any； 表“-得多” much, very much, far, a great/good deal, by far, a lot ; 表 “ 更加 ” still, even, rather, yet 等以及另外一些表程度的修饰词 （ 序数、 倍数、分数、 百分数等）考点7. 代词(1). That night my hostess had one of the hens end up in a dish on my table . _ villagers brought me goats cheese and hone. （07 广东37） (2). I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _. （ 07 广东40 ）(3). A short-sighted man was anxious to help _ _ rice crop grow up quickly.（08 广东34）(4). He was thinking about _ day and night.（08 广东35） (5). She remember how difficult _ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.（09 广东31） ( 6). Although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please _ . (09 广东38) ( 7). After the student left, the teacher let _ student taste the water. （10广东36） (8) “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _?” ( 10广东38) (9). Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk, but after some minutes_ walked away and sat near me , looking annoyed. ( 11广东 22) 小结： 广东高考连续四年皆占2 题。常考点：. 不定代词的用法。. 替代词 it, that, those , one/ ones 的用法。 . it 的特殊用法。. 指示代词 this, that, these, those, such 等的用法。. 人称代词格的变化。. 物主代词、反身代词及疑问代词的用法。 应考虑的问题： 代词代的是人还是物。 代词代的是可数名词还是不可数名词。. 代词代的是特指还是泛指。. 代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上。. 代词表示的是肯定还是否定概念。. 修饰名词的不定代词（ another, the other, many, much, either, neither, both, any, all, each 等）考点8. 介词(1). The villagers were arguing as to who should have the honor of receiving me _ a guest in their house.（07广东33） ( as )(2) -, I wanted to reward the old woman _ the trouble I had caused her.（07广东40） ( for ) (3)-. _ these proverbs there are often interesting stories.（08广东31）(4). He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day. （08 广东36）(5). She found some good quality pipes _ sale.（09广东37） (6). When Jane got home , with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already _ table having dinner. （09 广东39） (7). The young man went home _ a happy heart ( 10 广东) (8). I didnt like leaving him _ his own, either. ( 11广东23 ) 小结： 广东高考连续四年皆有，前三年占2题，2010，2011年各一题。考点： . 介词与动词、名词、形容词的习惯搭配。 . 常用介词的用法。要弄清楚： 1. 可以作宾语（ 介宾或动宾）的结构（名词、代词、动名词、从句 ）2. 若空格后是上面提到的结构且不在句中作主语，又不在动词后面作宾语，那么这个空格就很可能用介词。3. 习惯搭配 就靠大家多记、多积累。考点9. 从句( 定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句 )（ 广东高考: 07年考2题,who, where; 08年2题that, but; 09年1题 where; 10年2题 that, when, 11年 2题 until / till , whom ） 若两个句子（ 含有两个主谓结构）之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格要填上连词，否则， 句子的结构不完整。一、（ 定语从句 ）(1) The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away _ there was a garage . （07 广东）(2) Jane paused in front of a counter _ some attractive ties were on display. （09广东） (3). He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder _ had been his teacher. (10 广东) (4). Behind him were other people to _ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.( 11 广东21) 小结：考点七：定语从句考点： 关系代词和关系副词的选用、 非限定性定语从句。 热点： 由 whose, where, when, that, as 和“ 介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。 注意： 1. when 引导的定语从句 作时间状语，定语从句在语法上完整 2. where 引导的定语从句和状语从句、表语从句的区别 地点状语，定从完整 3. which 引导非限定性定语从句和并列句的区别 只能指物，作主语或宾语 4. as 和which的区别、， such - as 和the same -as 的固定搭配用法。 5. that前不能有介词； that不能引导非限定性定语从句 6. 只能用that 不用which 的情况 先行词被序数词、最高级修饰；有人有物；先行词为不定代词 7. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 同位语从句对前面名词内容具体化 定语从句限定先行词The news that he won the game is exciting. 解释说明the news内容The news (that ) you told me is exciting. 限定先行词the news 二、 （ 状语从句 ）(1). He was very tired after doing this a whole day, _ he felt very happy since the crop did “ grow” higher. ( 08广东) (2). My friend walked me to the bus stop and waited with me _ the bus arrived.( 11广东17) (3). We understand this lesson best _ we receive gifts of love from children.( 10广东) 三 （名词性从句）(1). - I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to _ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house. ( 07广东) (2). He came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. (08广东)考点10. 派生词（ 词性变换）(1). Most of the _( Africa ) are still living in poverty. (2). Chinas _ ( develop) of economy needs more careful planning. (3). Can you tell me the _ ( long) of the Great Wall ? (4). Im very thankful for your _ ( help ) me. (5). Going out for a part-time job can _ ( rich ) ones social experience. (6). He _ ( achievement) a lot in the field of science in the past ten years.(7). The article _ ( simple ) to make it easy for students to understand.(8). Whats the _ ( rich ) businessman in China ? (9). He has become the _( clever ) of the two. (10).I hope the dream of becoming a _ ( piano) will come true. (11). He is _ ( comfort ) because hes ill. (12). I was sorry to find him _ ( conscious ) of the importance of study.(13). The boy jumped up and down _ ( happy) at the news. (14). The old lady is _ ( extreme ) glad to see her daughter come back. (15). The lady was broken down by a car . _ ( fortunate ) there was no one nearby. (16). This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _ ( nature ) course. （08 广东）(17). But Jane knew from her past experience that her _ ( choose ) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. （ 09 广东）小结：派生词每年都有， 要求考生分析句子成分和结构， 判断空格考查的词类，再结合上下文和构词法填上适当的词形。注意： 词的前后缀 ， 特别是否定前缀。总结: 语法填空七字诀： “全”： 看完整句；“位” ：确定空格所处的位置，分清在句子当中充当什么作用；“考”： 知道考什么；“形” 知道用什么形式（主被动，词性的变化，特别是不规则词形的变化和书写等）；“断”： 对于长难句，要学会断句（断成相对完整的小单位，使空格的位置明朗化）；“删”： 对于复杂句，要学会删掉修饰部分，让句子的基本结构浮出水面。“查”： 填完后，读一遍，看是否自然通顺、前后一致、符合逻辑，看整体是否完整。9