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仁爱版英语七年级下Unit 7 知识清单
Topic 1
语法聚焦
一般过去式
1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与 a minute ago, two days / months / years ago, yesterday, last year, in those days, just now,in 1990等表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
(1)过去存在的状态。My father was at work yesterday afternoon.
(2)过去某个时间发生的动作。 I got up at 6:30 yesterday.
(3)过去经常或反复发生的动作。He always went to work by bus last year.
2. Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:
(1)am和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)
(2)are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)
(3)带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,
即否句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。
Eg:Were you born in July,1999?
—Yes, I was./No,I wasn’t.
3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子(行为动词一般过去时态)
否定句:didn’t +动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.
一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。
Eg:Did Jim go home yesterday?
特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?
Eg:What did Jim do yesterday?
⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?
Eg:Who went to home yesterday?
4. 动词过去式变化规则:
(1) 规则动词一般在动词末尾直接加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
(2) 结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted, move-moved
(3) 末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节
应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed. 如:stop-stopped, plan-planned
(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed, 如:study-studied
(5)不规则动词过去式:
am/is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got,
go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, put-put,
make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew, fly-flew, ride-rode,
speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat,drink-drank
Section A
1.—When was he born,do you know? 你知道他什么时候出生的吗?
--He was born in June,1985. 他出生在1985年6月。
(1)was是be动词的过去式之一,用于一般过去时,表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。通常be动词有如下形式变化:
was not
(A)am,is-过去式-was-否定式-
wasn’t
Be (句子主语为第一、第三人称单数)
were not
(B) are-过去式-were-否定式-
weren’t
(句子主语为第二人称或者第一、二、三人称复数)
Be动词的过去式用法与am、is、are在各种句式中的用法一致。
(2) be born意为“出生,出世”当说明某人的出生情况时,通常用一般过去时 was born或were born。例如:When was Tom born? 汤姆什么时候出生的?
in+年份、月份
(3)be born
On+具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上
例如:Were you born in January?
Mike was born on February 17th 1985.
of/to 由…所生
(4)be born
On 出身(生)与…家庭
例如:He was born of/to German parents.他的生身父母是德国人。
She was born into a very musical family.她生于音乐之家。
2. fan名词 “崇拜者,....迷,风扇”
例如:He is a big fan of Michael Jackson.
I cool myself in front of an electric fan.
Section B
1.基数词变序数词规律:
一二三特殊记,th从四加起;
八去t,九去e,f来把ve替;
ty变成tie, 若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以.
2. -What’s the date today?
- It’s May 8th.
询问日期和询问星期一样,回答一般用it。在询问过去日期时,谓语动词用was,但是在询问未来日期时,常用一般现在时。
例如- What’s the date tomorrow?
- It’s June 6th.
-What was the date yesterday?
-It was August 10th,2008.
3.英语中日期有以下两种表示法:
⑴美式写法:月份+日期,+年份。如:
May 21th ,2001(2001年5月21日)
读作:May (the)twenty-first,two thousand and one.
⑵英式写法:日期+月份,+年份。
May 21th ,2001(2001年5月21日)
读作:the twenty-fifth of May,two thousand and one
注意:年份之前的逗号不能省去。
4. be coming意为“就要到来”是现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。
运用这种时态的还有 go, leave , arrive等。
例如:The train is 10 arriving at 10 am.
I am leaving to minutes later.
5. plan既可做动词 (v.),也可做名词(n.)其用法如下:
plan to do sth 计划干某事
We plan to run a supermarket next month.
安排,计划
plan sth 计划,安排某事
We’re planning a plan .
6. celebrate (v.) 庆祝,举行(仪式,庆典)动词
celebration (n.) 庆祝,庆典 名词
celebrated (adj.) 有名的,著名的 形容词 (同义词:famous)
例如:He is a celebrated actor.
We will celebrate your birthday with a party.
The celebration of our National Day is really amazing.
Section C
1.—Mm, what’s the shape of your present?
--It’s round . --它是圆的。
(1)What’s the shape of …?=What shape is …? ……是什么形状的?
例如:What’s the shape of the dust bin?
---What shape is the dust bin?
(2)round在此处是形容词,作表语,意为“远的、球形的”
例如:I have got a round dish.
拓展:circle 的用法
(1)n. 意为“圆;圈子,社会”等。
例如:Let’s make a circle and play a game.
(2)v. 意为“画圈,圈出”等。
例如:The teacher asks students to circle the words when they made a mistake.
2.—What color is it? 它是什么颜色的?
--It’s black and white.他是黑白相间的。
类似短语还有red and white,(红白相间) black and blue译作“青一块,紫一块”。
3.Oh,I get it, It’s a soccer ball.噢!我明白了,它是个足球。
I get it.=I see.意为“我明白了” ,“我知道了”,此句中get的意思为“明白、理解,
相当于know或understand”。但get在不同的语境中可有不同含义。
例如:I get a letter today.
We’ll be late. Let’s get a taxi.
4.—How long / wide is it? 它有多长?
--It’s 24 centimeters long / wide.
How long 既可询问物体长度,也可询问时间长短。
例如: How long can I keep this book? 这本书我能借多久?
--Two weeks.
How long is the desk?
-- It’s two meters.
5.—What do we use it for? 我们用它来做什么?
--We use it keep pencils,rulers,erasers and so on.
use sth. for sth./doing sth.= use sth to do sth. 用某物来做某事。
注意:What…use sth. for?为固定句型。
6. It’s 6.4 centimeters wide.
(1)句中6.4读作six point four
(2) 英语中表达长、宽、高时,常先说数字,再说单位。
而表示长、宽、高的形容词放在最后。
例如:That man is 2 meters tall. 那个人2米高。
7. 24cm×6.4cm读作twenty-four centimenters times six point four centimenters
Section D
1.a berutiful light blue dress
名词前面如果有多个形容词作定语时,形容词排列的顺序是:
限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词等)+数词(基数词和序数词)+描绘形容词(短词在前,长词在后)+表示特征的形容词(大小、长短、形状、新旧、年龄等)+表颜色的形容词+表属类的形容词(表示国家地区的专有名词、表材料质地的词)+修饰性的名词或动名词(多表示重要特点)+名词。
例如:the first beautiful little white Chinese stone bridge 第一座美丽的中国小白石桥
a happy middle-aged Japanese women 一位开心的中年日本妇女
2. “为某人买某物”常用buy sb.sth. / buy sth. for sb.(buy 的过去式为bought)
例如:My father bought me a new computer yesterday.
=My father bought a mew computer for me yesterday.
3. do some cleaning (do+some+v.ing为一种固定结构.有时候可用the替换some)
例如:do some/the shopping 购物 do some reading 看书
do some washing 洗东西(衣服)
【注意】do+some+v.ing 是固定结构,在把含有这种结构的句子改为疑问句和否
定句时,some不能改成any。
例如:Do you often help your mother do some washing on Sunday?
Aunt Li was not well,so she didn’t do some cleaning yesterday.
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