作者观点态度题.doc

作者态度观点
阅读理解中的题目有的时候会问及作者对于某一事件或者某一问题的观点或者态度是什么，以及作者对文章继续展开的内容判断等，这样的题就是观点态度题。
解答这种问题时，考生首先应请注意篇章中的连词，这些连词的运用都暗含着作者的态度和观点，从中可以推敲出作者的意图。然后需要注意有些表明作者
观点的词汇和语句，考生就可以根据这些词汇和语句的情感来判断作者的态度。总体来讲，观点态度的题比较难，对于这类问题的回答，考生应从篇章的体裁和风格入手，再从文章的论述方法、语气和措辞中把握作者对事物的喜好，从而了解作者的情感与态度。
1、观点态度题常见设问方式
What’s the tone of the passage?
Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude toward…?
How does the author feel about…?
What’s the author’s opinion of/ about …?
What is the author’s overall attitude towards …?
What does the author think of…?
Which of the following is the author most likely to agree with?
The author seems to be in favor of the idea of ________.
The author probably feels that ________.
The author’s attitude towards …might be best summarized as ________.
In the writer’s opinion, ________.
According to the author, ________.
The author of the passage seems to be ________.
The tone of the author is ________.
2、态度观点题的解题技巧
(1) 注重表示观点或者态度的引导词，例如：in my point, as far as I am concerned, in my opinion, I think/ suppose/ argue/ believe/ claim等。它们后面所接的语句会是作者的观点，切忌注意。

(2) 对于态度观点题的解答，把握文章的体裁非常重要。如果文章是说明性文章，介绍某一事物或者是说明某一现象，由于说明文本身的客观性，通常情况下作者所持的态度会是中立的。如果是记叙文的话，作者的观点态度不会很明显的显示出来，但是会暗含于陈述的语句之中，这就要求考生好好推敲某些词汇的情感，找出那些渲染气氛和表现情感的语句。
A) 寻找带有作者强烈感情色彩的名词、动词、形容词或者副词来判定作者态度。
“The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible (不负责任的，明显是一个贬义词，作者就是批判股东的)wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.” “Fortunately, (幸运的，明显后面连接的是作者支持的，即行业公会起了一个好的作用)however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them.”
62. The author is most critical of ________.
[A] family firm owners
[B] landowners
[C] managers
[D] shareholders (批判股东)

(3) 注意转折和对比的地方，也会是作者观点态度的表现。转折或者对比处，也就是作者强调的地方，此处会反应作者的情感和倾向，考试的题目依据通常就会出现在此处。
B) 段首句中含有“but, yet, however, in fact”类表示强转折关系的词时，这句话通常表征作者观点。
"Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual," says education writer Diane Ravitch. "Schools could be a counterbalance." Razitch’s latest bock, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.
But they could and should be. (但学校可能也应该成为一种反学识的抗衡力，即作者是支持学识的)Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, "We willbecome a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society."
60、What does the author think of intellect?
[A] It is second to intelligence.
[B] It evolves from common sense.
[C] It is to be pursued. (支持学识观点，即学识值得我们追求)
[D] It underlies power.
(4) 掌握和熟悉一些表示观点的词汇和短语，例：
 4. 作者态度题中经常出的表征态度的形容词
A) 支持或赞成：positive, approving, supportive, optimistic, sympathetic, complimentary, affectionate,confident, appreciative, similar, identical
①褒义词：positive(赞成的)；supporting(支持的)；praising(赞扬的)；optimistic(乐观的)；admiring(羡慕的)；interesting(有趣的)；humorous(幽默的)；serious(严肃的)；enthusiastic(热情的)；pleasant(愉快的)；polite(礼貌的)；concerned(关切的)；sober(冷静的)等。
B) 中立或客观：neutral, objective, impartial, unbiased, detached
C) 怀疑、批评或反对：negative, disapproving, critical, pessimistic, doubtful, questioning, suspicious,skeptical, scornful, contemptible, opposite, cynical
②贬义词：disgusted(感到恶心的，厌恶的)；critical(批评的)；negative(否定的，反对的)；suspicious(怀疑的)；tolerant(容忍的，忍让的)；worried(担忧的)；pessimistic(悲观的)；depressed(沮丧的)；disappointed(失望的)；ironic(讽刺的)；sarcastic(挖苦的)；bitter(痛苦的)；cynical(玩世不恭的)；sentimental(感伤的)；emotional(激动的)；angry(气愤的)等。

D) 错误选项，永远不选：subjective, indifferent, puzzling, compromising, biased disinterested impassive ambivalent,

A. 表示赞同的
positive adj.肯定的, 实际的, 积极的, 确实的
favorable adj.赞成的, 有利的, 赞许的, 良好的
approval n. 赞成, 承认, 正式批准
enthusiasm  n.狂热, 热心, 积极性
supportive  adj.支持的，支援的
defensive adj. 为……而辩护
B. 表示否定的
negative adj.否定的, 消极的, 负的, 阴性的
disapproval adj.不赞成
objection n.异议
opposition n.反对
critical adj.批评的
criticism n批评批判
disgust vi.令人厌恶, 令人反感vt.使作呕
warning adj. 警告的
detestation n.憎恶, 厌恶的人, 嫌恶
indignation n.愤慨
contempt n.轻视, 轻蔑, 耻辱, 不尊敬
compromising n.妥协, 折衷v.妥协, 折衷
worried adj.闷闷不乐的,焦虑的
C. 表示怀疑的
suspicion n.猜疑, 怀疑
suspicious adj.(～ of) 可疑的, 怀疑的
doubt n.怀疑
doubtful adj.可疑的, 不确的, 疑心的
question v. 质疑
puzzling adj.使迷惑的, 使莫明其妙的
D. 表示客观的
objective adj.客观的
neutral adj.中立的
impartial adj.公平的, 不偏不倚的
disinterested adj.无私的
imprejudiced adj.没有偏见的
unbiased adj.没有偏见的
unprejudiced adj.公平的, 无偏见的, 没有成见的
detached adj.不含个人偏见的
E. 表示主观的
subjective adj.主观的, 个人的
indifference n.不关心
tolerance n.宽容，容忍，忍受
pessimism n.悲观, 悲观主义
gloomy adj.黑暗的, 阴沉的, 令人沮丧的, 阴郁的
optimistic adj.乐观的
sensitive adj.有感觉的, 敏感[锐]的,易受伤害的
scared adj.恐惧的
reserved adj.保留的, 包租的
consent vi.同意, 赞成, 答应n.同意, 赞成, 允诺
radical adj.激进的
moderate adj.中等的, 适度的, 适中的v.缓和
mild adj.温和的, 温柔的, 淡味的, 轻微的, 适度的
ironic adj.说反话的, 讽刺的
confused adj.困惑的, 烦恼的
amazed adj.吃惊的, 惊奇的
concerned adj.关心的, 有关的
apprehensive adj.担忧，担心
mixed adj.喜忧参半
biased adj.有偏见的
indignant adj.愤怒的, 愤慨的
F. 表示积极的
objective adj.客观的
concerned adj.关注的
confident adj.自信的, 确信的
interested adj.感兴趣的, 有成见的, 有权益的
optimistic adj.乐观的
positive adj.正面的
impressive adj.给人深刻印象的, 感人的
G. 表示中立的
impartial adj.公平的, 不偏不倚的
neutral adj.中立的
impersonal adj.非个人的
factual adj.事实的, 实际的,根据事实的
detached adj.不含个人偏见的
H. 表示消极的
negative adj.消极的
indifferent adj.漠不关心的
depressed adj.消沉的
subjective adj.主观的
pessimistic adj.悲观的
unconcerned adj.不关心的
contemptuous adj.轻蔑的, 侮辱的
hostile adj.敌对的, 敌方的
biased adj.片面的