仁爱版七年级下册Unit8语法点整理.doc

Unit 8 The Seasons and the Weather1 .Whats the weather like there in winter? =Hows the weather there in winter?2 .Its a good time to climb hills.这是登山的好时节。句型“It+be名词形容词+ to do/for doing sth”意为“这那是做某事的”。如It is a good season for.hikng这是徒步旅行的好季节。It is hard to say这难说3.-Why为什么? -Because I leamed to swim last year.因为我去年学了游泳(1)Why?的完整句子应为 Why do you like summer best?(2) leam to do sth意为“学会做某事(未做)。如Judy is leaming to dance朱迪在字跳舞。4. When it snows，I can make snowmen.下雪时我可以堆雪人snow 意为“下雪”。如It snowed last night昨晚下了一场大雪。snow意为“雪”,不可数名词，但表示“一场大雪” “一场大雨”时,之前可以加aThere was a heavy snow/rain Last night昨晚下了一场大雪There is much snow on the ground now现在地面上覆盖着一层厚雪。【衔接】rain意为“下雨”如I got home late because it rained hardyesterday. rain雨。为不可数名词。如There is much rain in summer in Guangdong!夏季广东雨量充沛。5. How are things going事情进展得怎么样?后面可跟介词词语 with sb. How are things going?”也可用“ How is everything going?”来表达。作答：Great很好 Not bad还不错 Just so so一般般。 Things are going well一切进展顺利【拓展】表达“一切进展顺利”Everything is going well. Everything goes welL6. rain adj.意为“多雨的”由“ rain+y rainy”即“名词+y=形容词”。如cloudy多云的snowy下雪的sunny晴天的 foggy多雾的windy多风的7. remember意为“记得，记起”后可接名词、代司、动词ing或动词不定式作宾We remember this song我们记得这首歌。Do you remember her?你还记得她吗?I remember meeting her in this city我记得在这个城市遇见过她。Remember to call me when you get home记得到家的时候给我打电活【拓展】 remember to do sth.记得要去做某事（事情未做)remember doing sth.记得做过某事(事情已做)Remember to invite Tom to your birthday party记得邀请汤姆参加你的生日聚会。I remembered inviting him this morning but he was too busy我记得今天上午邀请过他了,可是他太忙了【衔接】 remember的反义词是 forget,意为“忘记”,其用法与 remember类似。forget to do sth忘记要做某事(事情未做) forget doing sth忘记做过某事（事情已做）如I forgot to call my mom this aftemoon我忘记今天下午要给我妈妈电话。I forgot calling my mom this aftemoon.我忘记今天下午已经给我妈电话了2) outside副同,意为“在外面”反义调是 inside,意为“在室内,在里面”如Dont stay inside all the time .Lets go outside to walk8 (1)问气温是多少度用疑问词用what而不用 how many或 how much(2)-8意为“零下八摄氏度”,读作 eight degrees centigrade/celsius below zero或minus eight degrees centigrade/ celsius)其中,美语中常用 celsius代替 centigrade2意为“二摄氏度”,读作 two degees celsius (2)had better(not) do sth.意为“最好(不)做某事”, better后用动词原形,不带to。如:Youd better(not) go there by bike.你最好(别)骑自行车去那儿。(3) know about意为“知道,了解(详细情况)”。如-Do you know about Lin Dan?你了解林丹的具体情况吗?-Yes. He is a famous badminton player.是的。他是著名的羽毛球运动员(4) travel v. travel to+名词,意为“到旅游” Tom traveled to Kunming last Sunday.go traveling意为“去旅游”。如:Would you like to go traveling with us?9. wear是行为动词,意为“穿,戴表示状态。如:Amy wears a new hat today.【比较】 put on, be in,dress都有表示“穿”之意,但用法有很大区别。 put on意为“把穿上(戴上),强调“穿,戴”的动作。宾语是有关衣服的词。如:Alice is putting on her coat爱丽丝正在穿大衣be in表示状态,宾语为有关衣服和颜色的词。如:Mary is in a new dress today. dress意为“给穿衣”宾语为人或反身代词，如：The mother is dressing her daughter.那位母亲正在给她女儿穿衣服。The girl is too young to dress herself.那个女孩太小,自己不会穿衣服。(3) sunglasses,shorts,只有复数形式,没有单数形式。如pant(长裤),scIssors(剪刀), glasses(眼镜)。10. (1) later on意为“后来,以后,其后,随后”。如I m going out later on.我过一会儿要出去。Later on. she found her key.过了一会儿,她找到了钥匙。2)get fine意为“天气放晴”。get意为“变得”,是连系动词,后跟形容词作表语。如:When winter comes, it is getting cold类似的动词还有turn,look等。如:Martha s face turned red.玛莎的脸变红了。The dress looks nice on you.这裙子穿在你身上真漂亮。11.(1) come back to life意为“复苏;复活”。如Slowly, the city began to come badback to life.慢慢地,这个城市又出现了生机。(2) come out意为“开花;出版,发行”。The flowers begin to come out花儿开始开放。The book will come out next month.这本书下个月出版。12. rain heavily下大雨。副词 heavily,hard和形容词heavy常用来形容雨或雪下得大;副词 strongly,hard和形容词 strong常用来形容风刮得大。如:snow/rain heavily/hard下大雪/下大雨 a heavy snow/rain大雪/大雨 blow strongly/hard刮大风 a strong wind大风13. Fall comes after summer夏去秋来。come after意为“在之后到来”,反义词为come before意为.“在之前到来”。如Fall comes before winter.秋天在冬天之前来临。14. be busy doing sth.= be busy with sth意为“忙于做某事”。如:Mary is busy doing/ with her homework玛丽正忙于做作业。be busy与 have no time同义,但have no time to do sth.意为“没有时间做某事”。如Im busy now.= I have no time now.我现在没时间做作业。15. Winter lasts from December to February冬季从十二月持续到二月。last v意为“持续”,后接表示时间段的名词或短语。如last long/four years/a few minutes/fromto持续很久/四年/几分钟/从(时间)到(时间)last adj.意为“最近的,上一个的”,常用于过去时，如last night/Tuesday/month/summer/year16. We took a walk in the park and saw someold people performing Beijing Opera. (1) take a walk(with sb)意为“(与某人)散步Id like to take a walk with my father after dinner. (2) see sb. doing sth.意为“看见某人正在做某事”。如I saw him crossing the road.链接】see sb.do sth.意为“看见某人做某事”,指看见事情的全过程或事情经常性、重复性发生。如:I saw you put the key in your pocket我见你把钥匙放进了口袋里。We often see him play soccer there我们经常看见他在那儿踢足球。hear sh. doing sth.意为“听见某人正在做某事”。如:I heard Sam singing in the classroom.hear sb. do sth.意为“听见某人做某事”,指听见事情的全过程或事情经常性、重复性发生。如Did you hear Camie go out?你听到卡丽出去了吗?17. right away意为“立即,马上”。作状语,类似的短语有 at once。如:I need talk to you right away. =I need talk to you at once.我需要马上和你谈一谈。18. I hope all is well with you!我希望你一切都好!hope v,意为“希望”。常有:hope to do sth. /hope for sth.意为“希望,期望某事发生)”。hope(that)+从句。如:I hope to see you soon我希望能很快见到你。We re hoping for good weather on Sunday.我们希望星期天天气好。I hope you re coming to the party.我希望你能来参加聚会。【拓展】 hope n.意为“希望(的东西),期望(的事情),被寄予希望的人(或事情,情况)”。如:You re my last hope.你是我最后的希望。19. Michael, Jane, Maria and Kangkang aretalking about their holiday plans.(1) talk about意为“谈论,谈到”,指谈论的具体内容。talk to sb.意为“对某人说”。Youd better talk to your mother about your scores. talk with sb.意为“与某人交谈”,侧重于双方交谈。如My mother is talking with our English teacher about my English learning(2) plan n.意为“计划”。另外还可作动词,Jane plans to travel to some places of interest. 20. I wish to travel around and take some pictures.我希望能周游全国并拍些照片。(1) wish 意为“希望”。wish to do sth.希望、想要做某事。如Everyone wishes to have a happy life每个人都渴望过幸福的生活。拓展】 wish sb.to do sth.意为“希望某人做某事”。如I wIsh you to play football with me.我希望你和我一起踢足球。 wish sh.sth.意为“祝愿某人某事”。如I wished her a happy birthday.我祝她生日 wish for sth.意为“盼望,企求,想要lt s no use wishing for the impossible.祈求不可能的东西是徒劳无益的。wish作名词常用复数形式,意为“祝愿，预祝”,用于信末尾作结束语。如Best wishes for you!致以最美好的祝愿! around the country意为“遍及全国”,也可如:说 all over the country。类似的表达还有all over the world/ around the world遍及全世界21. I hope to get together with then.我希望和他们聚聚(1) hope to do sth.希望,期望做某事I hope to retum home right away.我希望马上回家。(2) get together “聚会;聚在一起;聚”如They get together once a year on Spring Festival.22. Id like to visit some places of interest in China.我想去中国的一些名胜古迹旅游(1) places of interest,意为“名胜古迹”。如There are many places of interest in Hangzhou. (2)interest意为“兴趣;趣味”。have /take aninterest in sth./sb.对有兴趣。I have no interest in this film.我对这部电影没有兴趣。Interesting adj意为“有趣的” 如The book is very interesting.这本书很有趣。23. Each of you has a good plan for the holidays.你们每个人都有不错的暑假计划each此处作代词，“每个，各个”可单独作主语,也可后接“of+名词/复数名词”作主语,谓语动词要用单数。如:Each of the students has a new computer.每个学生都有一台新电脑。拓展】each可作形容词,意为“每个”,修饰可数名词单数。如Each student wants to join the party.每个学生都想参加这个晚会。each可作副词,意为“各自”,在句中作状语。如:These tickets are forty yuan each.24. Whats the best time to do sth.意为“做某事的最好时间/时节”,不定式短语作time的定语。不定式也可以作定语 如Summer is the best time to swim.夏天是游泳的最好时节lt s a good time to do/for doing sth.意为“做某事的好时间/时节”。Its a good time to fly/for flying kites in spring. 春天是放风筝的好时节。25. all year round意为“一年到头;终年”。如Mr. Liu is busy all year round.刘先生一年到头忙个不停。The man lives on the sea all year round.那个人终年生活在海上。26. It sounds very interesting!听起来很有趣!sound此处作连系动词,意为“听起来”,常接形容词作表语。The music sounds beauti音乐听起来很优美。sound一般作为可数名词,意为“声音”,泛指在自然界中听到的各种声音。如:Light travels much faster than sound.光的传播速度比声音快。27. Youd better take a camera, a pair of sunglasses,a map and so on. (1) a pair of意为“一双,一副”。后接成双的复数名词。如: a pair of pants, shoes, socks等作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数。如This pair of pants fits me well这条裤子很适合我。(2) and so on意为“等等”,也可用etc.表示,放在句末。28.prepare .意为“准备”。如Tom ispreparing lunch in the kitchen.汤姆正在厨房里准备午餐prepare sth./sb. for sth.使做好准备如We must prepare a room for our guest.我们必须为客人预备一个房间。28. Friends can help keep you safe and share the fun. (1) keep sb./sth,+ad.意为“使某人/某物怎么样”。如Everyone must remember to keep the classroom每个人必须记得要保持教室干净keep sb /sth +u.-ing形式,意为“使某人/某物做I m sorry, I kept you waiting for more than 2 hours.对不起,我让你等了两个多小时。(2)share the fun意为“分享快乐”。如果的share后的名词是表示“愉快、幸福”等意思的词,share意为“分享”;如果其后的名词是表示“困难、麻烦”等意思的词, share则意为“分担”。如Let s share the trouble together.让我们一起分担这麻烦吧!链接】 share sth with sh意为“与某人分享某物/与某人共同分担”。如I shared an apple with Tom just now.我刚才和汤姆分了一个苹果29. You shouldnt stay in the sun too long.你就不应该在太阳下待太长时间。ssay在句中作动词,意为“停留,逗留”。如I stayed late at the party last night【拓展】(1)stay作动词,还意为“保持,维系”。如These days the weather stays warm. We want to stay friends forever我们想永远做朋友。(2)stay还可构成如下词组:stay away(from b./h)意为“离开,不接近(某人),不去(某处)如I want you to stay away from the computer games.我想让你离电脑游戏远远的。stay up意为“熬夜,不去睡觉”。如You look tired. Don t stay up any more.你看起来很累,别再熬夜了。 stay the night意为“过夜”。如:Istayed the night at a friends house. =I stayed at a friend s house from one day to the next. (3)stay作名词,意为“停留,逗留(时间)如:I enjoyed my stay in Beijing30.(1) should为情态动词,意为“应该”,是提建议的一种说法。如:You should see a doctor if you are ill.如果你生病了,就要去看医生。(2)alne此处为副词,意为“单独地”,表示独自一人。如:He likes to take a walk alone after dinner晚饭后他喜欢单独外出散步。【比较】 alone与 lonely的区别lonely只能做形容词,既可以形容人,意为孤独的,寂寞的”,也可以形容物,意为“孤零零的”还可以形容地方,意为“荒凉的,人迹罕至的”。如Jane feels lonely at the school because she has nofriends at all.简在学校里感到很孤独,因为她根本就没有朋友。Luobupo was a very lonely place, but now workers are building railways there.罗布泊过去是一个人迹罕至的地方,但现在工人们正在那里建铁路。31.How are you doing你好吗?How are you doing?不仅限于询问健康状况,还包括更广泛的内容,比如:工作、生活等。链接】 How are you?你身体好吗?这个问候语一般只询问身体状况。32. I arrived there by plane with my family on May3rd.五月三日我和我的家人乘飞机抵达那里arrive为不及物动词,意为“到达,抵达”,后常接介词in或at,in后接大地方,at后接小地方。若amie后接地点副词,则不需要介词。如:When did you arrive in the USA? Tom arrives at school at eight.汤姆8点钟到达学校get为不及物动词,意为“到达”后面跟表示地点的名词前必须加介词to。若get后接地点副词,则不用加介词。如:We got to Shanghai at12:00 yesterday. They got there at last.33. friendly为形容词,意为友好的;和蔼可亲的”。其反义词为 unfriendly“不友好的”。如:【拓展】(1) be friendly to sb.意为“对某人友好”,相当于 be kind to sb.。如:Our teachers are friendly to us.我们的老师对我们很友好。2) be friendly with sb.意为“与某人要好”。The students in my class are friendly with each other.我班上的学生关系都很要好。34. Please give my love to your parents.请代我向你父母问好也可说成 Please give my best wishes/gards to your parents,其中 wishes和 regards要用复数。1. (1) be busy(in) doing sth.意为“忙于做某事”。 be busy with sth.意为“忙于某事”如:My father is busy with his work.我的爸爸忙于工作。(2) prepare和prepare for都有“准备”的意思prepare sth意为“准备某事”,宾语为备的对象”; prepare for sth意为“为某事作准备”宾语为“准备的目的”。如:Mother is preparing the dinner妈妈正在准备晚餐Mother is preparing for the dinner.妈妈正在为晚餐作准备。go to church意为“去做礼拜”go to the church去教堂(可能做礼拜，也可能做其他事质类似的用法还有: go to school去上学,go to the school去学校, go to hospital去看病, go to the hospital去医院。(2)putup意为“挂起,搭起”They are putting up the picture on the wall.他们正在把画挂到墙上。(3) by the fire places介词by在这儿相当于close to或 next to 35. open意为“打开”,在句中为动词,反义词为 close。如Please open the door.请打开门Would you please close the windows? Its too cold.你能把窗户关了吗?太冷了。【拓展】(1) open意为“开放的敞开的”,反义词为 closed。如:The flowers are all open now. The shop was closed yesterday (2) open n.意为“户外;野外”。如 Children need to play out in the open air I.(1) event n.意为“事件,大事,尤指重要事情”。如:The program reviewed the most important event of 1985 (2)sartv,意为“(使)开始,着手,动”,与begin意义相同。其常见搭配为 start doing sth.(=begin doing sth)/ start to do sth( begin to do sth)。如:It started( =began) raining/ to rain.开始下雨了。We start working(to work) at 8: 30 every morning.我们每天早上8点半开始工作。【注意】 start/begin在以下三种情况接不定式,不接动名词主语为物时,如:A strong wind started to blow.开始刮大风了。2.是进行时My mother is starting to prepare the lunch.我妈开始准备午餐。3.start/begin后接动词不定式来表达内心作用。如I start to understand him.start n.意为“开头,开端”。常见搭配为 at the start(of)与 at the beginning同义36. (1) knock on意为“敲”相当于knock at。如I knock on/at the door, and it opens我敲了敲门,然后门开了。【拓展】 knock sb.down(- knock sb. over)意为“打倒(或击倒、撞倒)某人”。如Julie was knocked down by a bus.朱莉被一辆公共汽车撞倒在地。 knock sth. down意为“推倒(或拆掉、拆毁建筑物”。如These old houses are going to be knocked down.这些旧房子要拆了。 knock into sb.意为“撞上某人”。如:Someone was standing too close and I knocked into him.有人站得太近,我就撞在他身上了。 (2) shout v.意为叫,嚷”。拓展】 shout to sh.意为“向某人喊话”。The policeman shouted to the driver,“Stop!”警察向司机大声喊“停车! shout at sb.意为“冲某人喊(有叫骂的含义)”。如The woman shouted at the man angrily.那位妇女生气地向那位男土喊着37.trick or treat意为“恶作剧还是请客”。treat.意为“款待,请客”。This is my treat,我来请客。拓展】 treat v意为“治疗,医疗,强调治疗的动作,不涉及治疗的结果”。They are trying their best to treat her他们正设法为她治病。 treat v,意为“对待,看待”。如The villagers treat the old people well.38.a one-day holiday意为“一天的假期”,one-day是由“数词+连字符号+单数名词构成的合成词，相当于一个形容词,修饰后面的名词 holiday。如:lack is a five-year-old boy. (=Jack is a boy of fiveyears old)杰克是个五岁的男孩。38. race n.意为“速度比赛，赛跑”ten- mile race十英里赛跑 a horse race赛马 (1) watch sth./ sb. do sth.意为“观看/注视某物/某人做某事，强调事情的全过程和重复性”。如I often watch them play basketball on the playground. 我常常看见他们在操场上打篮球。watch sb. doing sth.意为“观看/注视某人正在干某事,强调事情正在发生”。如:We watched the sun setting behind the trees. 我们看着太阳落到树丛的后面。(2)go up意为“上升”,反义词是 go down意为“下降,降低”。如Prices are going up/down.物价正在上升/下降