人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit8语法指导与练习.doc

人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit8语法指导与练习Unit 8 Is there a post office near here?Unit 8语法指导与练习语法指导There be 句型的用法【教材原句】1.Is there a bank near here?这附近有医院吗？ Yes,there is.Its on Bridge Street.是的，有。它在大桥街上。2.Are there restaurants near here?这附近有餐馆吗？ Yes,theres one in front of the post office.是的，在邮局前面有一个。3.There is a zoo in my neighborhood.在我的街区有一个动物园。.以上含有 be句型的句子，表示某处 某物。（there；有/存在）【语法透析】一、构成 There be句型，表示的是“某处存在某物或某人，其结构为”There be（is，are;was ,were;will be）+名词+地点状语。例如： There are forty-two students in our class. There is a pencil in my pencil-box. There were some dogs then. There will(is going to ) be a party near here.二、各种句型1.肯定句：There be（is，was）+单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语.或There be（are，were）+复数名词+地点状语.例如：There is a bird in the tree. There are two boys under the tree.句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。2.否定句：There be+not+名词+地点状语.there be句型的否定句的构成和含有be动词的其他句型一样，在be后加上not或no即可。注意：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any+n.相当于no+n.例如：There is an orange in her bag. There is no orange in her bag. There is not an orange in her bag. There are some birds in the tree. There are no birds in the tree. There are not any birds in the tree.3.一般疑问句：Be there+名词+地点状语？肯定回答：Yes,there be.否定回答：No,there be not(缩写). 例如：There is some water in the glass. Is there any water in the glass? Yes,there is./No,there isnt. There are some fish in the water. Are there any fish in the water? Yes,there are./No,there arent. 注意：肯定句变为否定句或一般疑问句时，句中的some应改为any。4.特殊疑问句： (1)对there be结构中名词的数量来提问：当对可数名词的量提问时用How many+可数名词复数+are there+地点状语？当对不可数名词的量提问时用How much +不可数名词+is there+地点状语？例如:：There are forty shops on the street. How many shops are there on the street? There is a bird in the tree.How many birds are there in the tree? There is some bread on this table.How much bread is there on the table?(2)dui there be结构中的名词(主语)提问时，常省略there。指物：What is +地点状语？ 指人：Who is+地点状语？例如：There are many books on the desk. Whats on the desk? There are three boys in the room. Whos in the room?三、用法1.there be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如：There is a basketball in the box. There are many people in the hall.2.如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致，即“就近原则”。例如：There is an apple and some bananas in the basket. Thre are some bananas and an apple in the basket.四、there be与have/has的区别 there be与have/has(got)都表示“有”的含义，区别如下：1.there be句型表示“某处存在某物或某人”，表示“有”时，侧重于客观，此时不强调此物归谁所有。例如：There are two men in the office.2.have/has(got)表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，侧重于主观，此时强调“所属关系“，主语多是人。例如：He has got two sons.3.二者有时可能通用，表示“某物本身拥有”。例如：A week has seven days.=There are severn days in a week. The classroom has ten desks.=There are ten desks in the classroom.【口诀助记】 there be句型的用法there be句型有特点，主语跟在be后面；单数名词用is，复数名词are记全。否定句be后加not，疑问句be在there前。介词短语表地点，“有”表“存在”记心间。【试题链接】There still some apple juice in the fridge.Its not cecessary for us to go to the supermarket now. A.was B.were C.is D.are （答案：C）【试题链接】There a dictionary and two pens on the desk. A.am B.is C. are D.have （答案：B）语法指导问路与指路的表达方式【教材原句】1.Is there a bank near here?这儿附近有银行吗？Yes,there is.Its on Center Street.是的，有。它在中心大街上。2.Wheres the park?公园在哪里？ Its across from the bank,hehind the hotel.它在银行对面，旅馆的后面。以上两句都是有关 与 的句型。（问路，指路）1. How do you get to school?2.How long does it take to get to school?3.How far is it from your home to school?以上例句是以 、 和 引导的特殊疑问句。（how，how long,how far）【语法全解】Asking for directions问路1.Excuse me,where is the nearest hospital please?请问最近的医院在哪儿？ Can you tell me where the nearest hospital is?could youbut please Woule you please2.Excuse me,how can I get to the Bank of China?打扰了，请问到中国银行怎么走？Excuse me,could you tell me how I can get to the Bank of China?can you how tobut please would you please if there is a Bank of China打扰了，你能告诉我去中国银行怎么走吗？3.Excuse me,（but）can you tell me the way to the Summer Hotel?打扰了，你能告诉我去夏日旅馆的路吗？4.Excuse me,but Im trying to find a chemists shop.对不起，我要找一家药店。5.Hello！Is there a park near here,please?你好！请问这附近有公园吗？6.Is the zoo far from here?动物园离这儿远吗？7.Will it take long to get to the airport?去机场要很长时间吗？Giving directions指路1.Go along/down the street until you come to the traffic lights. 沿这条路一一直走到红绿灯那儿。 Go straight ahead along the bund and then turn left.沿着外滩往前走，然后往左转弯。2.Turn left/right at the second crossing.在第二个十字路口向左/右转弯。 Take the second turning on the left/right. Turn left/right at the second crossing,and then walk straight.然后一直朝前走。3、Its across from/near/next to the hospital.它就在医院对面/附近/隔壁。 Its on the corner of Huanghai Street and Xizang Road.在淮海路和西藏路的路口。4.Take a number 46 bus,and get off at the square.坐46路公共汽车，在广场下车。 You can take the No.3 bus and get off at你可以乘3路公共汽车，在下车。5.Its only about ten minuteswalk.那儿离这儿只有走大约10分钟的路。【试题链接】Can you tell me how to get to the hospital? .Go straight and turn left at the second crossing. A.No way B.No problem C.Forget it（No problem没问题，表示愿意或能够做这件事，答案为B。）【试题链接】Can you tell me how to get to the hospital? .Go straight and turn left at the second crossing. A.No way B.No problem C.Forget it（No problem没问题，表示愿意或能够做这件事，答案为B。）回答距离的表示方法1.it常被用来表示距离，后面可以跟表示距离的名词短语，也可以跟“名词（表示时间）+名词（表示行走方式）”，要注意撇号的位置。It is three miles to the lake.这儿离湖有3英里的路程。My home is not far from here.Its only five minuteswalk.我家离这儿不远，走5分钟就到。It is one hours ride from Shanghai to Suzhou.从上海坐车到苏州有1小时的路程。2.有时地方名称也直接作主语。The post office is two blocks away.邮局离这儿两个街区的距离。EXERCISES:一、选择填空。（ ）1.There a pencil,a ruler and two books on the desk.A.am B.is C.are D.be（ ）2.There some water in the bottle.A.are B.is C.has D.have（ ）3. any noodles in the bowl?A.Is there B.Are there C.Has D.Have（ ）4.Wheres the hotel?Its the police station.A.between B.across C.next D.behind（ ）5.Go along the street and turn left the second crossing.A.on B.in C.at D.of二、根据汉语完成句子，每空一词。1.我们街区有许多付费电话。 There pay in our neighborhood.2.你们学校有图书馆吗？ there in your school?3.这儿附近有邮局吗？ post office near here? 4.学校里没有学生。 There students in the school.5.在铅笔盒里有一些铅笔和一支钢笔。 There and a pen in the pencil-box.6.我们的教室里没有一台电脑。 There in our classroom.7.在我的课桌上有一块橡皮和两把尺子。 There and on my desk.三、句型转换，每空一词。1.Are there any bikes over there?（作肯定回答） , .2.There are thirty desks in the room.（对画线部分提问） desks in the room?3.There are some trees near the house.（改为否定句） There trees near the house.4.There are some eggs in the box.（改为单数形式句子） There in the box.5.There are some apples on the tree.（改为一般疑问句） apples on the tree?6.There is some water in the glass.（对画线部分提问） is there in the glass?7.There is a policeman in the office.（对画线部分提问） in the office？8.There are many cars on the road.（对画线部分提问） the road？三、用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Dont go out!It （rain）outside now.2.Its （sun）today.Lets go to the park.3.Tom （sit）on the snow right now.4.I see the boys （play）basketball over there.5.How is the weather in Beijing in winter?Its cold and it often （snow）.6.Lilys mother （look）very young and beautiful.7.Listen! Tom （sing）in the classroom?8.This is an interesting place and some girls （have）a good time here.9.We often fly kites on （wind）days.10.What your parents （do）?They are cooking at home.