2023年四级写作经典范文及点评汇成功演讲十秘诀.doc

四级写作经典范文及点评汇
（一） 10 Tips for Successful Public Speaking
Know the room. Be familiar with the place in which you will speak.① Arrive early, walk around the speaking area and practise using the microphone and any visual aids.
Know the audience. Greet some of the audience as they arrive. It’s easier to speak to a group of friends than to a group of strangers.
Know your material. If you’re not familiar with your material or are uncomfortable with it, your nervousness will increase. Practise your speech and revise it if necessary.
Relax. Ease tension by doing exercises. Visualize yourself giving your speech. Imagine yourself speaking, your voice loud, clear, and assured. When you visualize yourself as successful, you will be successful.
Realize that people want you to succeed. Audiences want you to be interesting, stimulating, informative, and entertaining. They don’t want you to fail.
Don’t apologize. If you mention your nervousness or apologize for any problems you think you have with your speech, you may be calling the audience’s attention to something they hadn’t noticed. Keep silent.②
Concentrate on the message — not the medium. Focus your attention away from your own anxieties, and outwardly toward your message and your audience. Your nervousness will dissipate.
Turn nervousness into positive energy. Harness your nervous energy and transform it into vitality and enthusiasm.③
Gain experience. Experience builds confidence, which is the key to effective speaking. A Toastmasters club can provide the experience you need.
成功演讲十秘诀
熟悉场地。争取熟悉你要在那里发演出讲环境。提早抵达并巡视讲台，练习使用麦克风和其他辅助视觉设施。
熟悉听众。在听众进入会场时向她们致意。向一群好友演讲总比对一群陌生人演讲来得轻易些。
熟悉你讲稿。假如你不熟悉你稿子或对它不满意，你紧张感就会增强。练习一下你演讲稿，并且做必需修改。
放松自己。做些准备活动松弛紧张神经。 设想你自己演讲时情景。想象你自己在侃侃而谈，声音洪亮、吐字清晰、充斥自信。倘能设想自己成功，你就一定会成功。
要意识到在场大家期望你成功。听众期望你发言趣味昂然、催人向上、旁征博引且风趣风趣。她们不愿看到你把事情搞砸。
不要道歉。假使你说到你紧张或为讲稿中到不妥地方表达歉意，你就也许是在提醒听众注意部分她们其实并未意识到东西。对此绝口不提就是。
集中注意力在内容上，而不是形式。把你注意力从内心焦急上解脱出来，转向外在演讲内容和听众。然后你紧张感就会逐渐消失。
把紧张转化为积极动力。要控制你紧张情绪并把它变为活力和热情。
积累经验。经验会带来自信，而自信正是演讲获得成效关键。加入司仪俱乐部你就能学到你需要经验。
行文点评：本文从十个方面以提提议措施向大家简介了在演讲中克服紧张措施。从演讲前准备工作到演讲后积累经验，结合演讲各个环节进行分析，不仅具有针对性并且符合逻辑次序。文章语言平实，通俗易懂，采用第二人称论述手法，使文章愈加具有亲和力，让读者保持一种轻松心态。文章构思精致，根据演讲程序分别提出提议，循序渐进，充实而详细。
词汇斟酌revise vt. 修订，修改，复习
tension n. 紧张，紧张状态
visualize vt. 想象，设想
stimulating vt. 刺激，鼓励
informative a. 提供知识，增长见识
entertaining a. 快乐，有趣
dissipate vi. 消散，消失
vitality n. 活力，生命力
toastmaster n. 司仪，主持人
佳句临摹
①【注释】be familiar with熟知，通晓
【临摹】I am of course familiar with your work.我当然熟悉你工作。
②【注释】call one’s attention吸引某人注意力
【临摹】Don’t disturb by his behavior, he just try to call our attention to him.别受她干扰，她只不过是想引起我们注意罢了。
③【注释】harness原意是“上马具”，引申为“控制，掌握”
【临摹】If you can harness your energy, you will accomplish a great deal.假如你能控制你精力，你将获得巨大成功。
④【注释】transform into变化，转化
【临摹】A thick, fibrous fog had transformed the trees into ghosts and the streetlights into soft, haloed moons. 浓密厚重雾使树木看起来像鬼魂，街灯看起来像是带着柔和光晕月亮。
If you wish to succeed, you should use persistence as your good friend, experience as your reference, and prudence as your brother and hope as your sentry.假如你期望成功，当以恒心为良友，以经验为参谋，以谨慎为兄弟，以期望为哨兵。
思如泉涌
Experience more than sufficiently teaches that men govern nothing with more difficulty than their tongues. 经验给我们太多教训，告诉我们人类最难管制东西，莫过于自己舌头。（二） How to Correct Mistakes in Language Learning?
In order to learn a foreign language well, it is necessary to overcome the fear of making mistakes. If the basic goal of language use is communication, then mistakes are secondary considerations that may be dealt with gradually as realization of those mistakes increase. On the other hand, students should not ignore their mistakes.①The language learner may observe how native speakers express themselves, and how native expressions differ from the way the learner might say them. For example, a Spanish speaker who has been saying “I do it” to express willingness to do something in the immediate future, could, by interacting with native speakers of English, observe that native speakers actually say “I’ll do it”. The resulting difference can serve as a basis for the student to correct his way of using the present tense in English. But a student who is unwilling to interact in the first place would lose this opportunity to learn by trial and error.②
语言学习中怎样改错？
为了学好一门外语，有必需先克服对错误恐惊。假如使用语言基础目的是交流，那么错误就是次要被考虑问题，我们可以伴随对其认识深化而逐渐加以克服。另一方面，学生们不应当忽视她们错误。语言学习者可以观测说本族语人是怎样表达自己，和这些地道表达法和学习者也许说出来表达有何不同样。例如，一种西班牙人在表达自己乐意在很快未来做某事时用是I do it，而当我们和英语是母语人交流时，就会注意到那个人实际上说是I’ll do it。由此导致差异可以作为参照来纠正学生对于英文中目前时态使用措施。不过一种从开始就不愿和人交流学生将会失去这种通过不停探索进行学习机会。
行文点评：整个段落可以提成两个层次。首先指明对错误对的定识第一步，不应当惧怕错误，假如学习语言是为了交流，那错误就应当成为次要被考虑问题。而另一方面(on the other hand)，引出第二步，即有了错误也不能置之不理。最佳措施就是在交流中学习，从错误中提高。文章语言平实，简洁有力。整篇文章只有一段不过内部层次分明，条理清晰。
佳句临摹
①【注释】on the other hand诸多状况下和on the one hand连用，表达同步存在两个方面。
【临摹】I never could memorize poetry. On the other hand, I remember numbers. I never forget an address or a date.我历来记不住诗歌，但我却记得数字，我从不会忘掉一种地址或日子。
②【注释】by trial and error反复试验，不停探索
【临摹】Knowing as little as we do, there is no course open to us but trial and error.我们这样知之甚少，除了不停探索别无出路。
思如泉涌
Man errs so long as he strives. 人只要奋斗就会出错误。
To err is human, to forgive, divine. 人非圣贤，孰能无过。
He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. 想不出错误，就一事无成。
A fault confessed is half redressed. 知错能改，善莫大焉。
（三） Search Your Own Treasure
Look up to the heavens and imagine the stars and planets are sparkling jewels dancing across the night sky. Your potential is like those jewels with a dazzling array of facets. Put another way, your human potential is virtually unlimited.①
Problems arise from a perspective that “potential is a taboo or code word for failure.” It is for fear of failure that we are sometimes afraid to try new things. Realizing that we will not become an instant expert, we sometimes choose to cop out and not even make an attempt to be or try something new.② Perhaps worse yet, sometimes perfunctory efforts are made, unsatisfactory results are obtained, and an “I knew I couldn’t do it and I know I can’t do it” attitude is reinforced and seemingly justified.
Refresh yourself from the perspective that so-called “mistakes” do not constitute failure; they are only new lessons to be learned. Failure is really giving up and quitting, as juxtaposed to persevering and persisting. There is universal law that states, “Practice precedes excellence.” Myth and history are filled with stories of individuals who had struggled against all odds and obstacles and just kept after what they truly wanted until they reached their goals successfully.
Naturally, we all have our limitations, and prudence dictates that we respect them. However, wisdom encourages us to stretch beyond and transcend our limitations. Keep going on，your treasure is waiting for you.
找寻宝藏
抬首仰望天空，想象一下，日月星辰仿佛是夜空中闪烁跳跃宝石。而你潜能就像那些各个钻面上闪烁着眩眼光彩宝石一般。换句话说，你潜力实际上是无穷无尽。
这种“潜力是一种禁忌或失败代名词”见解，很轻易出现问题。而正由于胆怯失败，使得我们有时不敢去尝试新生事物。由于意识到自己不能立即成为行家里手，有时我们就选择了临阵逃脱，甚至连试一下新事物所有不乐意。也许更糟糕是，有时我们会敷衍了事，成果自然差强人意，而这样，就会加强并使这种“我早懂得我不行，我懂得我干不了”见解看起来还挺有道理。
振作起来，那些所谓“错误”并不是失败；它们只不过是你需要吸取新教训罢了。真正失败是“放弃”或“舍弃”，这和“坚忍不拔”或“坚持不懈”恰好相反——“成功需要苦练”是一条普适法则。不管是在神话小说还是在历史当中，到处可见这样人物：她们追求自己理想，努力和困阻抗争，不胜利达到目的，决不罢休。
我们所有有自己局限性，这是很自然。并且出于谨慎，我们还很重视这些局限性。不过智慧却鼓励我们跨出并超越我们自身局限性。继续前进吧，你宝藏在等待着你。
行文点评：本文根据总分总次序进行论述。开篇引出专题，第二段和第三段分别从正反两方面论述，思维局限性对大家发掘潜能，走向成功所带来不同样影响。最终一段进行总结，第一句话以退为进，先承认人局限性。然后呼吁大家突破局限，发掘潜能。尤其是最终一句点睛之笔，呼应首段，点明专题。文章开篇意境优美，使读者以一种很平和心态来品读文章，随即通过比方将潜能无限性，也就是文章专题引入。
词汇斟酌sparkle v. 发光，闪烁
dazzling a. 令人眼花缭乱，耀眼
array n. 展示，陈列
facet n. 面，刻面，平面
taboo n. 禁忌
perfunctory a. 马马虎虎，敷衍
juxtapose vt. 并排，并置
persevering a. 坚韧，不屈不挠
odds n. 不平等，差异，也许性
prudence n. 审慎
佳句临摹
①【注释】put another way换句话说
【临摹】He soon found what he did had already been done by others，put another way, he was wasting his time. 她很快发现她所做事情是她人已经做过。换句话说，她在挥霍自己时间。
②【注释】cop out 是一种具有贬义俚语，意思是逃避、推诿、临阵退缩。
【临摹】Don’t try to cop out of it by telling me you’re too busy!别告诉我你太忙来推脱责任。
思如泉涌
Once we stop growing, our end is near.一旦我们停止成长，那么我们末日也就为时不远了。
Wonders are many, and nothing is more wonderful than man.天下奇迹无数，却无一比人更奇妙。 （四） 　　　 Be YourSelf
In every school a “top” crowd sets the pace, while the others follow their lead.①Let’s say the top crowd decides that it is smart to wear bright red sweaters. Pretty soon everybody is wearing a bright red sweater. There is nothing wrong with that, except the fact that on some people a bright red sweater is extremely unbecoming. The situation can even become dangerous, if the top crowd decides that it is smart to drink or to drive cars at seventy miles an hour. Then the people who follow the lead are endangering their lives. They are like the sheep being led to the butcher.
Now, chances are that you have come across situations like these more than once in your life; chances are that one time or another you probably did something you knew to be wrong. You may have excused yourself by saying, “Gee, the crowd does it.” Well, let the crowd do it, but don’t do it yourself. Learn to say, “No.”
Develop your own standards and your own judgment. If you know the crowd is planning something you disagree with, have the courage to bow out politely.② You’ll have the satisfaction of standing on your own two feet.③ Remember this in your heart, you are the unique one in the world, just be yourself.
行文点评：本文第一段先对学校中现存这种不良风气进行论述。第二段进而分析其危害所在，其实这样做最大危害在于明知自己做错了，还可以为自己找到开脱借口“由于大家所有在这样做”。在第三段中陈说了自己看待这种状况态度，那就是要Develop your own standards and your own judgment.。对于你认为是错误事情，虽然大家所有在做，你也要勇于退出。最终一段提出作者提议，呼吁学生们要学会自立，做自己，不盲从。文章由表及里，论述层层递进，很有说服力。
做你自己
每所学校中所有有一群领头学生做出楷模，其他人蜂拥效仿。例如，一旦这些领头学生决定以穿鲜红色羊毛衫为时尚，那么很快人人所有会穿着鲜红色羊毛衫。这件事自身没什么问题，但实际上有人极不适合穿鲜红色毛衫。假如这些领头学生认为喝酒或以70英里时速开车很时尚话，状况甚至会变得危险起来。这些盲从学生正危及自己生命。她们就像被领到屠夫面前绵羊。
在你生命中，这种状况你也许碰到不止一次；也许你时不时也会做自己懂得是不对的事情。你也许会为自己开脱说：“大家所有在这样做嘛。”那让大家这样做好了，但你自己不要这样做。要学会说“不”。
要有自己原则和鉴定。假如你懂得大家正在计划一件你不赞成事情，鼓起勇气礼貌地退出。你会为自己学会自立感到满意。请记住一点，世上只有一种你，做你自己吧。
词汇斟酌unbecoming a. 不适合
endanger vt. 危急
butcher n. 屠夫，屠户
judgment n. 评价，鉴定
佳句临摹
①【注释】set the pace 领先，起带头作用
【临摹】With Roddy setting the pace, the boys went uphill and arrived with bursting lungs.罗迪一马当先，男孩们便向山坡上狂奔，到终点时肺所有要炸了。
②【注释】bow out 从容引退
【临摹】Their football team bowed out of the competition with unknown reasons. 不懂得为何，她们足球队退出了比赛。
③【注释】standing on one’s own two feet. 独立自主，自立
【临摹】My uncle offered to help me, but I told him I would rather stand on my own feet.我叔叔提出要协助我，但我告诉她我宁愿自力更生。
思如泉涌：
owering genius disdains a beaten path. It seeks regions hitherto unexplored.卓越天才不屑走旁人走过路。她寻求迄今未开拓领域。
For man is man and master of his fate.人就是人，是自己命运主人。