新航道雅思语法定语从句.pptx

定语从句定语从句两大基本概念：两大基本概念：先行词：先行词：?被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。一般由一般由:名词名词,代词代词,短语短语,句子句子 充当充当引导词引导词/关系词：关系词：?引导定语从句的词叫引导词。引导定语从句的词叫引导词。引导词是区分主句和从句的重要标准。引导词是区分主句和从句的重要标准。找出句子主干找出句子主干1.When anyone opens a current account at a bank,he is lending the bank money repayment of which he may demand at any time,either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favor of another person.2.If youre unsure about things,each floor has an elected“floor senior”who is usually a student in their third or fourth year of study whos been at Smith House for a while.(剑剑2,T2,L)3,As you can see,the building youre in now which contains this main lounge,the dining room,the recreation room,the kitchen and the offices was part of the original old house,built in the 1840s to be used by the family of George Smith.(剑剑2,T2,L)引导词引导词（1）关系代词：）关系代词：who，whom，whose，which，that（2）关系副词：）关系副词：when，where，why（3）特殊引导词：）特殊引导词：than,but,as,whereby（4）介词）介词+引导词引导词（1）关系代词：）关系代词：练练 1994到到1995年期间出现了很大的增长，年期间出现了很大的增长，这种情况在未来的几年里很可能还会持续下去。这种情况在未来的几年里很可能还会持续下去。（剑（剑3，T2，W）key There emerged a great increase from 1994 to 1995,which likely continued in the next years.The years/period from 1994 to 1995 saw/witnessed great increases,which likely continued into the following years.（2）关系副词：）关系副词：when-时间状语时间状语April Fools Day is that special day when you should play a joke on someone!Childrens favorites are to put salt in the sugar bowl for Dads morning coffee or put chalk on a desk chair at school so the teacher gets a white backside!But remember,if you play a joke after 12 noon,YOU are the April Fool!【练练】这是能保证充足食物来源的时候。这是能保证充足食物来源的时候。（剑（剑5，T4，R）This is a point when adequate food resources will be assured.where-地点状语地点状语在北京，有一些著名的茶馆，在那里你可以坐下在北京，有一些著名的茶馆，在那里你可以坐下来喝茶，也可以观看到京剧表演节目。来喝茶，也可以观看到京剧表演节目。（剑（剑3，T3，S）In Beijing there are some famous teahouses where you can sit and drink tea,and they also have the Peking opera shows.Pavarotti,Opera Star Finds Creative Passion in PaintingTenor Luciano Pavarotti holds a handkerchief whenever he sings in concert.Yet in real life he is more likely to be found holding a paintbrush.For his great love is painting vividly-colored pictures of Italian villages and seascapes.What he likes best about painting is its contrast to opera,where the challenge is to use ones talents to bring to life the works of others.“When I finish a canvas,I feel I have created a world.why-原因状语原因状语Reason why【练练】发生这种变化的一个主要原因就是电视发生这种变化的一个主要原因就是电视的影响力增大了。的影响力增大了。(剑剑3，G，TB，W）One of the major reasons why this change has happened is the increased influence of TV.【课堂练习课堂练习】一（引导词）：一（引导词）：1.These are lots of business people _ come to China to work and do business.(剑剑3,T3,S)2.The council,_ was founded in 1996,certifies fisheries that meet high environmental standards,enabling them to use a label that recognizes their environmental responsibility.（剑（剑7,T4,R）3.This is most evident in photographic film,_ Germany spends much less than Britain.(剑剑3,T2,W)4.Since the early years of the twentieth century,_ the International Athletic Federation began keeping records,there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run,how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects,themselves included,through space.(剑剑4,T4,R)5.The action takes place in underground cities _ the environment is controlled by computers.(剑剑5,G,TB,R)6.The field was launched,and the term“artificial intelligence”coined,at a conference in 1956 by a group of researchers that included Marvin Minsky,John McCarthy,Herbert Simon and Alan Newell,all of _ went on to become leading figures in the field.（剑（剑5,T3,R)【课堂课堂练习】练习】二二:改错改错1.Id really like to find a friend that I can trust him completely.2.Long-day plants are adapted for situations where require fertilization by insects,or a long period of seed ripening.(剑剑5,T4,R)【总结总结】：引导词的：引导词的判断原理：判断原理：，先行词，先行词，从句是否完整，从句是否完整【课后练习课后练习】1.Sea ports have been transformed by the advent of powered vessels,_ size and draught have increased.（剑（剑2,T2,R）2.The area became one _ the vast majority of people lived in extreme poverty,and suffered from appalling sanitary conditions.（剑（剑6,T1,L)KEY:whose,where（3）特殊引导词：）特殊引导词：1234than 先行词先行词是比较级是比较级/被比较级修被比较级修饰饰【练练1/2】退让一步，你会获得比预想还要多的东西。退让一步，你会获得比预想还要多的东西。By yielding you get more than you expected.【练练2/2】Subsidies for pesticides and artificial fertilizers encourage farmers to use greater quantities than are needed to get the highest economic crop yield.(剑剑3，T2，R）由于使用农药和化肥可领取政府补贴，农民就不顾实际由于使用农药和化肥可领取政府补贴，农民就不顾实际需要而超量使用，以期取得最高经济作物产量。需要而超量使用，以期取得最高经济作物产量。but =that not There is no man but has his fault.=there is no man who does not have his fault.不存在没有过错的人。不存在没有过错的人。as（1）as-限定限定（即限制性定语从句）即限制性定语从句）固定搭配：固定搭配：such,as,the same +asAt exactly the same time as this new realization of the finite character of health-care resources was sinking in,an awareness of a contrary kind was developing in Western society.（剑（剑4,T4,R）就在保健资源是有限的这个新知识被理解的同时，就在保健资源是有限的这个新知识被理解的同时，一种相反的观点也在西方社会逐步形成。一种相反的观点也在西方社会逐步形成。（2）as-非限定非限定位置：位置：句首。（句中，句末）句首。（句中，句末）先行词：先行词：整个主句。整个主句。常见用法：常见用法：As I said before,As I mentioned before,As you can see,As will be observed,whereby=by which “凭借，借以凭借，借以”【练练】政府可以推行一个体系，让产生更多垃圾政府可以推行一个体系，让产生更多垃圾的个人和公司支付更多的资金，用于处理垃圾的个人和公司支付更多的资金，用于处理垃圾.（剑（剑5,G,TB,W）The government could introduce a system whereby individuals and companies that produce more waste must pay more money,to cover the cost of dealing with it.【课堂【课堂练习练习】:1._ I mentioned before,I think the pendant brings me good luck.(剑剑3,T4,S)2.Families have also experienced changes these years.More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents;consequently,children are likely to have less supervision at home _ was common in the traditional family structure.A.than B.that C.which D.as3:填空填空:1)_ is known to us all,the whale is not fish but a mammal.2)_ is known to us all that the whale is not fish but a mammal.3)_ is known to us all is that the whale is not fish but a mammal.【课后作业课后作业】:1.The Internet gives us access to much more information in a much shorter time _ is available with conventional shopping methods.（剑（剑3,T4,S）2.改错：改错：The building may be in a conservation area or near housing,in that case it will be much more difficult to consider changes.(剑剑7,G,T,R)KEY：than;in which case（4）介词）介词+引导词引导词 可接的关系代词可接的关系代词:which,whom介词的选择：介词的选择：1）与先行词搭配）与先行词搭配2）与从句中某个词（动词）搭配）与从句中某个词（动词）搭配3）语义表达的需要）语义表达的需要1）与先行词搭配）与先行词搭配We are aware of the extent to which a positive attitude contributes to success.我们知道积极的态度在多大程度上促进成功。我们知道积极的态度在多大程度上促进成功。【练练】公众通过游行示威这种方式，可以有效地公众通过游行示威这种方式，可以有效地让政府官员们注意到不平等的社会现实。让政府官员们注意到不平等的社会现实。Public demonstrations are an effective means _.by which the people can bring social inequalities to the attention of government officials.2）与从句中某个词（动词）搭配）与从句中某个词（动词）搭配A genius is a man who does unique things of which nobody would expect him to be capable.天才是指这个人做的事情独一无二，而且没有人天才是指这个人做的事情独一无二，而且没有人料到他有能力做到。料到他有能力做到。【练练】许多嗜睡的人都患有嗜睡病，其早期症许多嗜睡的人都患有嗜睡病，其早期症状就是在白天都极度想睡觉。状就是在白天都极度想睡觉。Many hypersomniacs suffer from marcolepsy,_.of/for which the primary symptom is excessive daytime sleepiness.3）语义表达的需要）语义表达的需要【练练】知识是我们借以飞上天堂的翅膀。知识是我们借以飞上天堂的翅膀。Knowledge is the wings_.with/through/by which we fly to the heavens.【课后练习课后练习】1.The particular individual _ whom one is concerned in the analysis of any situation is usually given the name of focal person.(剑剑3,T2,R)2.Ironically,France had the lowest spending in perfume,something _ which it is famous,perhaps because perfume is cheaper in France.(剑剑3,T2,W)3.This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar,the principle _ which is similar5.The only way _ which productivity could be increased was to change the size of the work group.（剑（剑3,T4,R）14.How can you tell an Asiatic lion from an African lion,_ which youre probably more familiar?（剑（剑6,T4,L）18.This is the point _ which real problems occur.（剑（剑2,T2,W）练习：练习：P126 五五1,2,3,5,14,18难点：难点：关系副词关系副词When=介词介词+关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词Where=介词介词+关系代词关系代词判断判断：(1)where,which,in which,thatIt is the factory _ I worked years ago.It is the factory _ I worked in years ago.It is the factory in _ I worked years ago.It is the factory _ I talked about years ago.It is in the factory _ I worked years ago.(2)when,which,on which,thatI cherished the holiday_ we studied together.I cherished the holiday_ we studied on together.I cherished the holiday on_ we studied together.I cherished the holiday _ we spend together.多重定语从句多重定语从句In Nunavuts igloo society,where adults who were born in igloos have children who may never have been out on the land,theres high incidence of depression.（剑（剑6，T1，R）在在Nunavut拱形圆顶小屋的社会中，抑郁症发病拱形圆顶小屋的社会中，抑郁症发病率很高，因为成年人曾在拱形圆顶小屋里出生，率很高，因为成年人曾在拱形圆顶小屋里出生，而他们的孩子却可能永远不曾迈出家门，到外面而他们的孩子却可能永远不曾迈出家门，到外面的世界去。的世界去。In other words,they gave no indication of an appreciation of either the range of ways in which rainforests are important or the complex social,economic and political factors which drive the activities which are destroying the rainforests.（剑（剑4，T1，R）换句话说，他们既没有显示出对热带雨林的重要换句话说，他们既没有显示出对热带雨林的重要范围的重视，也没有显示出对那些复杂的社会，范围的重视，也没有显示出对那些复杂的社会，经济和政治因素的重视，这些因素促使人们从事经济和政治因素的重视，这些因素促使人们从事一些破坏热带雨林的活动。一些破坏热带雨林的活动。THE END复习复习(定语从句）定语从句）1，概念（先行词，引导词），概念（先行词，引导词）2，引导词，引导词 关系代词，关系代词，关系副词，关系副词，特殊引导词，特殊引导词，介词介词+引导词引导词3.多重定语从句多重定语从句作业作业P133,1-6练习练习:1.改错改错Despite much research,there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that is not fully understood.Key:-is:are知识点知识点:定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致.定语从句中的定语从句中的谓语动词谓语动词用单数还是复数用单数还是复数,这不取这不取决于关系词决于关系词,而是由先行词决定的而是由先行词决定的.2.改错改错Confidence is probably one of the most noticeable traits in the Americans.They show confidence in the way how they talk,the way how they smile,the way how they dress and the way how they walk.Key:delete“how”知识点知识点:定语从句中定语从句中,关系副词没有关系副词没有how.如果如果要表达方式要表达方式,我们用以下句型我们用以下句型:the way+that/in which/+从句从句3.判断以下两个判断以下两个that从句的区别从句的区别.1)The rumor that he spread everywhere turned out to be untrue.2)The rumor that Tom was a gay turned out to be untrue.结构上结构上意义上意义上That 引导引导定定定定语从句语从句语从句语从句That+不完整从句不完整从句=adj.对先行词起对先行词起修饰修饰,描述作用描述作用That 引导引导同同同同位语从句位语从句位语从句位语从句That+完整从句完整从句=n.对前面的名词对前面的名词内容的具体表述内容的具体表述P130合并句子合并句子1.4.51.I know many rich people.None of them are happy.(剑剑3,G,TB,W)4.At the five-star hotel we ate dinner and drank lots of beer and champagne.In the evening,all the students went to a formal reception at a five-star hotel.(剑剑3,T3,S)5.The event started with the students gathering in a large hall.In the large hall we were given the robes and hats.We wore the robes and hats during the ceremony.(剑剑3,T3,S)P133-翻译翻译1.总有许多外国留学生来中国学习总有许多外国留学生来中国学习.(剑剑3,T3,S)2.正如谚语所说正如谚语所说,“给人一条鱼给人一条鱼,可以养活他可以养活他一天一天;教会人捕鱼教会人捕鱼,可以养活他一生可以养活他一生.”(剑剑3,T4,W)3，我认为对电脑将会带来的好处保持怀疑，我认为对电脑将会带来的好处保持怀疑很重要。很重要。（剑（剑1,G,W）I think its important to be suspicious of the benefits that computer will bring.4，关于大学应该以什么为基础来录取学生，关于大学应该以什么为基础来录取学生的问题一直存在争论。的问题一直存在争论。（剑（剑5,T1,W）There has been some debate about the basis on which universities should accept students.5，这一定会有害于居住和工作在半径，这一定会有害于居住和工作在半径5英英里范围内的所有人。里范围内的所有人。（剑（剑3,G,TB,W）This would definitely be detrimental to all the people who work or live within a five-mile radius.高分作文句子高分作文句子【练练】仍然有许多人仍然有许多人持传统的观点持传统的观点，认为，认为寄宿学校寄宿学校对孩子的学习对孩子的学习发挥着发挥着及其重要的及其重要的作用作用。(教育话题）教育话题）Hold the traditional ideas/live under the traditional ideasboarding schoolsplayroles in sth.Nowadays，there are still many people who live under the traditional ideas that boarding schools play an extremely important role in childrens study.【课后练习课后练习】对于父母亲来说，如果比较传统的话，就应对于父母亲来说，如果比较传统的话，就应该使自己比较现代或学习从孩子的角度看问题；如果他们该使自己比较现代或学习从孩子的角度看问题；如果他们整日忙于工作的话，就必须每天抽出时间来在自由的气氛整日忙于工作的话，就必须每天抽出时间来在自由的气氛中和孩子交流，享受由此带来的温暖。中和孩子交流，享受由此带来的温暖。（家庭话题）（家庭话题）With regard to parents,those who are traditional must keep themselves up-to-date or learn to see things the way their children do,and those who always bury themselves in work must spend some time every day with their children enjoying the warmth created through exchanges of ideas in a free atmosphere.