直变间英语八年级下.pptx

直接引语变间接引语面面观直接引语变间接引语面面观一、如何变人称：一、如何变人称：口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新。口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：主语的人称变化如：Shesaid.Mybrotherwantstogoshoppingwithme.”“二随宾二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：如：HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?”Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogoshoppingwithher.HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。“第三人称不更新第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：变化如：MrSmithsaid,“sheisagoodboy.”MrSmithsaidshewasagoodboy.二、如何变时态：二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。1)一般现在时一般现在时一般一般过去时态；过去时态；Shesaid:“Iamastudent.”Shesaid(that)shewasastudent.2)一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时Shesaid,Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend。Tomsaid,“Iamgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.”Tomsaidhewasgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.直接引语直接引语directspeech间接引语间接引语indirectspeech一般一般现在现在时时一般一般过去过去时时现在现在进行时进行时过去过去进行时进行时现在现在完成时完成时过去过去完成时完成时一般一般过去过去时时过去完成过去完成时时一般一般将来时将来时过去过去将来时将来时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时二、如何变时态：二、如何变时态：3)现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时；过去进行时；Shesaid,“Iamreadingabook.”Shesaidshewasreadingabook.注意：以下几种情况时态注意：以下几种情况时态不变不变直接引语是客观真理。直接引语是客观真理。Theteacher said Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”Theteachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jacksaid.“IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseeme”JacksaidhewasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseehim.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。接引语时，时态不变。Jacksaid.IwasbornonApril2l,1980.JacksaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning。”Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变（例：（例：could,should,would,might）Thedoctorsaid,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”ThedoctorsaidIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”和已经是过去时的形式时和已经是过去时的形式时，例：例：oughtto，hadbetter,usedtoPetersaid.Youhadbettercomeheretoday.PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.三、如何变状语：三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语时间状语由由“现在现在”改为改为“原来原来”（例：（例：now变为变为then,yesterday变为变为thedaybefore,today变为变为thatdayHesaid,“Iwanttogoswimmingnow.”Hesaidhewantedtogoswimmingthen.地点状语地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，尤其表示方向性的，here变变thereTheteachersaid,“Youshouldcomehereat7:00.”TheteachersaidIshouldgothereat7:00.指示代词指示代词修饰的状语，由修饰的状语，由“此此”改为改为“彼彼”例：例：this改为改为thatHesaid,Thisbooksismine.“Hesaidthatbookwashis.直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语指示指示代词代词 时时间间状状语语地点状语地点状语方向性动词方向性动词 this,that,these those now,then,today thatdaythisweek thatweekyesterday thedaybefore lastweek theweekbefore fourdaysago fourdaysbefore thedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbefore tomorrowthenextdaynextmonth thenextmonthhere therecome,go,bringtake Thedayaftertomorrowtwodayslater直接引语中的助动词直接引语中的助动词 间接引语中的助动词间接引语中的助动词shallshallshouldshouldshouldshouldShouldShould（不变）（不变）willwillwouldwouldwouldwouldWouldWould（不变）（不变）maymaymightmightmightmightMightMight（不变）（不变）cancancouldcouldcouldcouldCouldCould（不变）（不变）mustmustMust/had toMust/had to四四.如何变句型如何变句型 He said,He said,“I have been to the Great WallI have been to the Great Wall.”He said that he had been to the Great WallHe said that he had been to the Great Wall.He said,He said,“Ill give you an examination next Monday.Ill give you an examination next Monday.”He He told ustold us that he would give us an examination the next that he would give us an examination the next Monday.Monday.Shesaid,Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.“Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.1.直接引语是陈述句直接引语是陈述句用连词用连词that引导，引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的可直接用引语中的said,也可用也可用told来代替，注意，可以来代替，注意，可以说说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that.2.2.直接引语是一般疑问句直接引语是一般疑问句,反意疑问句反意疑问句,选择疑问句选择疑问句 He said,“Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”He asked(me)whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.He said,“You are interested in English,arent you?”He asked whether I was interested in English.Hesaid,Canyouswim,John?“HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim.Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?“HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.间接引语用连词间接引语用连词间接引语用连词间接引语用连词whetherwhether或或或或if if引导，原主句中谓语动词引导，原主句中谓语动词引导，原主句中谓语动词引导，原主句中谓语动词saidsaid要改为要改为要改为要改为asked(me/him/usasked(me/him/us等等等等)，语序是陈述句的语序，语序是陈述句的语序，语序是陈述句的语序，语序是陈述句的语序.1)“CanIborrowmoneyfromyou?”shesaidSheaskedme2)“Arewefriends?”JimsaidJimaskedMaryif/whethershecouldborrowmoneyfromme.iftheywerefriends.3)“Whenandwhereshallwemeet?”hesaidHeaskedher whenandwheretheyshouldmeet.3.3.直接引语是特殊疑问句直接引语是特殊疑问句 He said to me，“Whats your name?”He asked me what my name was.He asked us,“How many car factories have been built in your country?”He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.Sheaskedme,Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?”Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.Sheaskedme,WhatwasJackdoingwhenIcomein?”SheaskedmewhatJackwasdoingwhenshecamein.原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用词用词用词用ask(sb.)ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序来表达，语序改为陈述句语序来表达，语序改为陈述句语序来表达，语序改为陈述句语序 4.4.直接引语是祈使句直接引语是祈使句间接引语应改为间接引语应改为“Tell(ask,Tell(ask,order,order,begbeg等等)sbsb(not)(not)totododosth.sth.”句型句型。DontDontmakemakeanyanynoise,noise,the teacherthe teachersaidsaidtotothethestudents.students.She told(ordered)the students not to make any noise.“Openthedoor,please,said she.She asked him to openthedoor.The teacher said to the students,The teacher said to the students,“Stop talking.Stop talking.”Theteachertoldthestudentstostoptalking.“Donttouchanything.”Hesaid.Hetoldusnottotouchanything.5.5.直接引语如果是以直接引语如果是以“LetsLets”开头的祈使句开头的祈使句变为间接引语时，通常用变为间接引语时，通常用“suggestsuggest+动句词（或从句）动句词（或从句）”He said,Lets go to the movies.HeHe suggestedsuggested goinggoing toto thethe movies.movies.HeHe suggestedsuggested thatthat theythey shouldshould gogo toto seesee thethe movies.movies.将直接引语改为间接引语：将直接引语改为间接引语：1.”Imgoinghomenow.”shesaid.Shesaid_2.“Iwillcallyoutomorrowmorning.”AlicesaidtoTom.Alice_Tom_.3.“WearehavingasurprisepartyforLindanow.”Marciasaid_4.“Youcandobetter.”Hisfathersaidtohim.Hisfather_him_5.“Ishouldtrymybestnexttime.”Jackthought.Jackthought_6.“Werenotgoingtohavelessonsthisafternoon.”Theboysaidtohisfather_.shewasgoinghomethen.toldshewouldcallhimthenextdaymorning.theywerehavingaforthen.toldhecoulddobetter.heshouldtryhisbestthenexttime.theywerenotgoingtohavelessonsthatafternoon.1.“Li Lei is reading a book,”Peter said to LucyPetertoldLucythatLiLeiwasreadingabook.Exercises2.“We will have a football match,”he told his mother.3.“They go to school everyday except Saturday and Sunday,”the boy said.TheboysaidtheywenttoschooleverydayexceptSaturdayandSunday.Hetoldhismothertheywouldhaveafootballmatchtomorrow.4.Cousin Sue said,“Im sorry I didnt have time to come over and visit last Saturday.”Cousin Sue said she was sorry she hadnt had time to come over and visit the Saturday before.一、直接引语改为间接引语一、直接引语改为间接引语1、“Pleaseopenthewindows!”MumsaidtoLucy._2、Lilywondered(想知道想知道),“howmuchisthepencil-box?”Lilywantedtoknow_.3、“YourclassmateswillvisitMissWangthisSunday.”MrLisaidMrLitoldme_.4、“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”Ourteachertoldus._5、Jimsmothersaid“DoesJimstudyhardatschool?”_6、Aforeigneraskedme“WhichisthewaytoTimMall?”_OurteachertoldusLighttravelsfasterthansound.Jimsmotheraskedif/whetherJimstudiedhardatschool.howmuchthepencil-boxwasMumaskedLucytoopenthewindows.ourclassmateswouldvisitMissWangthatSundayAforeigneraskedmewhichwasthewaytoTimMall.7、“Isyourfatherareporter?”Lucyaskedme._.二、完成句子二、完成句子1.“Iamhavingsupper.”hesaid.Hesaidthat_havingsupper.2.“Iboughtthecomputertwoweeksago.”shesaid.Shesaidthatshehadboughtthecomputer _ _ _.3.“Didyoureadthebooklastweek?”hesaidHe_Ihadreadthebook_.4.“Dontlookoutofthewindow!”shesaidShetoldme_outofthewindow.三、单项填空三、单项填空hewasLucyaskedmewhethermyfatherwasareporter.twodaysbeforeaskediftheweekbeforenottolook1.Excuseme.Couldyoutellme_gettothestation?Certainly.Turnrightat.A.howcanweB.howwecanC.whencanweD.whenwecan2.Doyoustillremember_atthemeeting?Sorry!Iwassosleepyatthattime.A.whethertheheadmastersaidB.whattheheadmastersaidC.iftheheadmastersaidD.whatdidtheheadmastersay3.Iwondered_afamoussingerbecausehervoicewasntsobeautiful.A.whetherLilywouldbecomeB.ifLilywillbecomeC.weatherLilywouldbecomeD.ifwouldLilybecome