直接和间接引语.pptx

Unit 5 Grammar直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语1.直接引语是直接引语是直接引述别人的原话直接引述别人的原话，原话，原话有有引号引号2.间接引语是引述间接引语是引述别人的话别人的话，不用引号不用引号。间接引语在多数情况下构成间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句宾语从句。E.G.Shesaid,“Illneverforgetthemoment.”E.G.Shesaidshewouldneverforgetthemoment.”直接引语变间接引语关键要掌握下列直接引语变间接引语关键要掌握下列“三要素三要素”要素一：直接引语是陈述句时用连接词要素一：直接引语是陈述句时用连接词that，在口语中可省略。引述动词用在口语中可省略。引述动词用said,told,等。等。Hesaid:“Ileftmybookinmyroom.”Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom.Shesaid:“Hewillbebusy.”Shesaidthathewouldbebusy.陈述句解题步骤陈述句解题步骤:“I dont like computers,”Sarah said to her friends.didntsheSarah said to her friends(that)she didnt like computers.Exercises:He said,“I have been to the Great Wall.”He said,“Ill give you an examination next Monday.”He said that he had been to the Great Wall.He said that he would give us an examination the next Monday.要素二：要素二：(1).直接引语是一般疑问句时用连接词直接引语是一般疑问句时用连接词if或或whether;是选择疑问句时只能用是选择疑问句时只能用whether，引述动词用引述动词用asked，没有间接引语的可以加，没有间接引语的可以加一个间接宾语一个间接宾语me,him等等,用陈述句语序用陈述句语序.ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher.Sheasked,“Isthisbookyoursorhis?”Sheaskedmewhetherthatbookwasmineorhis.一般疑问句解题步骤一般疑问句解题步骤:They asked him,“Will you finish the work?”They asked himifYou will finish the work They asked him if he would finish the work.Exercises:He said,“Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”He said,“Are you interested in English?”He asked whether I was interested in English.He asked(me)whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.Attention，please!原主句中谓语动词原主句中谓语动词原主句中谓语动词原主句中谓语动词saidsaid要改为要改为要改为要改为askedasked(me/him/us(me/him/us等等等等)一般疑问句中用一般疑问句中用if/whether作为连接词作为连接词特殊疑问句中保留原有疑问词特殊疑问句中保留原有疑问词引号内的句子语序变为陈述句语序，即主语引号内的句子语序变为陈述句语序，即主语+谓语谓语(2).直接引语是特殊疑问句时用原句中的疑直接引语是特殊疑问句时用原句中的疑问词作连接词问词作连接词,语序改为陈述句语序。语序改为陈述句语序。Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit?”TheteacheraskedmehowIhadrepairedit.“WhatareyougoingtodonextFridayafternoon？”HanMeiaskedmeHanMeiaskedmewhatIwasgoingtodothenextFridayafternoon特殊疑问句解题步骤：They asked him,“When do you harvest the wheat?”They asked himWhenyou harvest the wheat(you harvest the wheat.)heheharvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.Exercises:He said to me，“Whats your name?”He asked us,“How many car factories have been built in your country?”He asked me what my name was.He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.要素三：直接引语是祈使句时要素三：直接引语是祈使句时,用用“动词动词+宾语宾语+不定式不定式”结构。结构。即即told/askedsb.(not)todosth.Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Dontwasteyourtime.”Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastetheirtime.Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.”ThemotheraskedTomtogetupearly.直接引语改为间接引语直接引语改为间接引语,当引述动词为当引述动词为过去时过去时，间接引语中的间接引语中的动词、时间、时态、地点、人动词、时间、时态、地点、人称等一般要作相应的变化称等一般要作相应的变化.直接引语改为间接引语时，引述动词是现在直接引语改为间接引语时，引述动词是现在时时,则间接引语中的动词、时间、时态的形式则间接引语中的动词、时间、时态的形式不变不变Shesays,“IwillneverforgetthemomentShesaysthatshewillneverforgetthemoment.在直接引语在直接引语中中在间接引语中在间接引语中指示指示代词代词 this these thatthose时间时间状语状语 now today yesterday last week tomorrow next yearTwo days ago Then that day the day before the week before the next day the next year two days before地点地点状语状语 here there动词动词时态时态一般现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时过去将来时动词动词变化变化can/maymustcomebringcould/mighthad togotake直接引语变间接引语时直接引语变间接引语时,要注意以下时态不变要注意以下时态不变的特殊情况。的特殊情况。1.直接引语如果是客观真理，谚（习）语，直接引语如果是客观真理，谚（习）语，变间接引语时时态不变。变间接引语时时态不变。Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.Myfathersaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”Myfathersaidpracticemakesperfect.2.直接引语如果有明确的表示过去的时间状直接引语如果有明确的表示过去的时间状语，时态不变。语，时态不变。Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978.”Hetoldmethathewasbornin1978.Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967.”Theengineersaidhewasatcollegein1967.3.直接引语中被引述的部分是直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的，反复出现的，习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的，变间接引语时，时态保持不变，变间接引语时，时态保持不变，Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”Theboytoldusheusuallygetsupatsixeveryday.Hesaid,“wearestillstudents.”Hesaidtheyarestillstudents.4.直接引语中有直接引语中有When，since，while引引导的从句导的从句,在变为间接引语时在变为间接引语时,只改变只改变主句时主句时态态,从句的时态不变从句的时态不变。Hesaid,“IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy.”HesaidhehadstudiedEnglishsincehewasaboy.Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus.Shesaidshehadreadthebookwhileshewaswaitingforabus.把下列直接引语变间接引语把下列直接引语变间接引语:1.Lucy said:”I am good at English”.2.”Li Lei is reading a book.”Peter said to me.3.”I can ride a bike to school.”Lana said.4.”Tomorrow we will have a football match,”He told his mother.5.The boy said They go to school every day except Saturday.”Exercises:1.He said,“I m afraid I cant finish this work.”2.He said,“I havent heard from him since May.”He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.He said that he hadnt heard from him since May.3.Tom said that he would see me the next week.Tom said,“I will see you next week.”4.“Why were you late again?”The teacher said to me.5.“Have you been to Paris?”My classmate asked me.6.HisfriendsaskedhimifhewouldgotoDalian.The teacher asked me why I was late again.His friends asked him,“Will you go to Dalian?”My classmate asked me if I had been to Paris.