英语动词讲解.pptx

动词动词动词分类动词分类概念概念能独立作谓语的动词能独立作谓语的动词本身有意义，但不能独立作本身有意义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。谓语。本身无意义或意义不完整，本身无意义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语。不能单独作谓语。有一定词义，本身不表示动有一定词义，本身不表示动作和状态，而仅仅表达说话作和状态，而仅仅表达说话人的态度。人的态度。实义动词实义动词系动词系动词助动词助动词情态动词情态动词（一）实义动词（一）实义动词1._本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。Ilikethebook.2._自身意思完整，无需接宾语。Birdscanfly.及物动词及物动词不及物动词不及物动词1 1动词动词+宾语宾语I like English very much.I like English very much.2 2动词动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补We paint the shelf pink.We paint the shelf pink.加名词作宾补的词有加名词作宾补的词有:call,choose,consider,elect,call,choose,consider,elect,make,namemake,name3.3.动词动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 V+sb sthV+sb sth V+sth V+sth for/to for/to sb sb及物动词及物动词 1 1）动词）动词+宾语宾语+不定式不定式(to do)(to do)（宾补）（宾补）advise allow cause enable encouragefind forbid force wish invite order permit persuade remind tell warn expect wish 一 have,let和make,此三动词是使役，使用它们要仔细，后接“宾补”略去“to”一感feel,二听hear,listen to,三让have,let,make,四看see,look at,observe,watch 2 2）动词）动词+宾语宾语+省略省略to to 的不定式（宾补）的不定式（宾补）口诀口诀：不定式作宾语补足语时省不定式作宾语补足语时省不定式作宾语补足语时省不定式作宾语补足语时省totototo的动词的动词的动词的动词【速记口诀】一感，二听，三让，四看，半帮助【速记口诀】一感，二听，三让，四看，半帮助【速记口诀】一感，二听，三让，四看，半帮助【速记口诀】一感，二听，三让，四看，半帮助【妙语诠释】一感：【妙语诠释】一感：【妙语诠释】一感：【妙语诠释】一感：feelfeelfeelfeel；二听：二听：二听：二听：hearhearhearhear,listen tolisten tolisten tolisten to；三让：三让：三让：三让：makemakemakemake，letletletlet，havehavehavehave；四看：四看：四看：四看：seeseeseesee，noticenoticenoticenotice，watchwatchwatchwatch，observeobserveobserveobserve；半帮助：半帮助：半帮助：半帮助：helphelphelphelpcolour,keep,find,get,leave,make,paint,cutEg:Please colour it red.I find it interesting.3 3）动词）动词+adj(+adj(做补语做补语)get/leave/keep/set/catch/havesb.doing;see/find/watch/feel/hear/listento/discoversb.doing如:他让我等了整整一上午。Hekeptmewaitingthewholemorning.4 4）动词加现在分词做补语）动词加现在分词做补语过去分词作宾补时，常见的词有过去分词作宾补时，常见的词有 have,get,have,get,makemake have sth donehave sth done Eg:Eg:我理发了。我理发了。I have had my hair I have had my hair cut.cut.我让别人明白了。我让别人明白了。I made myself I made myself heard.heard.5 5）动词加过去分词（补语）动词加过去分词（补语）口诀：口诀：口诀：口诀：能接不定式，又能接动名词，但意思不同的动词或词组：能接不定式，又能接动名词，但意思不同的动词或词组：能接不定式，又能接动名词，但意思不同的动词或词组：能接不定式，又能接动名词，但意思不同的动词或词组：forget,go on,mean,remember,stop,tryforget,go on,mean,remember,stop,try，regret,regret,巧记，巧记，巧记，巧记，即即即即 四四四四 记记记记 力争不后悔力争不后悔力争不后悔力争不后悔。四记指。四记指。四记指。四记指(记得记得记得记得/记住；忘记住；忘记住；忘记住；忘记；计划记；计划记；计划记；计划/打算；继续打算；继续打算；继续打算；继续)；力争指；力争指；力争指；力争指trytry；不后悔指不后悔指不后悔指不后悔指 stop stop regretting-stop regretting-stop 与与与与regretregret。bring,hand,lend,bring,hand,lend,mail,offer,owe,pass mail,offer,owe,pass post,read,post,read,return,return,send,sell,show,send,sell,show,take,teach,tell,take,teach,tell,throw,writethrow,writeV+V+直宾或间宾直宾或间宾+sb+sth/sthtosbbook,buy,choose cook,draw,fetch find,fix,get make,order,pick prepare save sing spare stealV+V+直宾或间宾直宾或间宾+sbsth/sthforsb1.没有被动形式没有被动形式，如happen,occur,rise,lie,die不及物动词不及物动词n2.主动表示被动的词主动表示被动的词n动词+(well,poorly,easily)nsell,wash,burn,cook,cut,drive,dress,play,last,open,write,start,run,read,operate,break,measure,weigh1.Drywoodburnseasily.2.Theclothwasheswell.他跑的快。He runs fast.他经营一家工厂。He runs a factory.Eg:study，fly，run,change既作及物又作不及物动词的词既作及物又作不及物动词的词1.She looked forward every spring to_ the flower-1.She looked forward every spring to_ the flower-lined garden.lined garden.A.visit B.paying a visit A.visit B.paying a visit C.walk in D.walking in C.walk in D.walking in2.I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.2.I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre calling C.your calling D.youre calling3.The day he has looked forward to_at last.3.The day he has looked forward to_at last.A.coming B.came C.come D.comes A.coming B.came C.come D.comes4.Mr Smith warned her son _ after drinking.4.Mr Smith warned her son _ after drinking.A.never to drive B.to never drive A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive C.never driving D.never drive5.She pretended_me when I passed by.5.She pretended_me when I passed by.A.not to see B.not seeing A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen C.to not see D.having not seenDCBExerciseAA常见的连系动词有：常见的连系动词有：be,become,turn,get,be,become,turn,get,grow,keep,feel,look,seem,smell,turn,grow,keep,feel,look,seem,smell,turn,fallfall等。等。它们都表示状态的渐变或保持不变，以及表示它们都表示状态的渐变或保持不变，以及表示感觉。后面接形容词构成系表结构。感觉。后面接形容词构成系表结构。EgEg：Please keep the classroom clean.Please keep the classroom clean.The bread looks very fresh.The bread looks very fresh.His plan sounded practical.His plan sounded practical.（二）系动词（二）系动词本身有意义，但不能独立作谓语，必本身有意义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。须和表语一起构成谓语。状态变化系动词状态变化系动词状态变化系动词状态变化系动词系动词系动词用法用法习惯搭配习惯搭配朝坏的方面变化朝坏的方面变化wrong,bad,mad,hungry,blindetc.表颜色等表颜色等red,green表成长中的变化表成长中的变化strong,tall由动态到静态转变由动态到静态转变ill,sick,asleep转向好的状态转向好的状态true,alive常用来指人或物的常用来指人或物的状态的变化状态的变化become接名词接名词时时,名词前接冠词名词前接冠词gocometurngrowfallgetbecome 1.The weather will_hot for another two 1.The weather will_hot for another two weeks.weeks.A.last B.remain C.get D.turn A.last B.remain C.get D.turn 2.The hot weather will 2.The hot weather will _another two days.another two days.A.last B.remain C.get D.turn A.last B.remain C.get D.turn 3.The boss 3.The boss made them _12 hours a day.made them _12 hours a day.A.work B.to work A.work B.to work C.worked D.working C.worked D.working 4.They were made_12 hours a day.4.They were made_12 hours a day.A.work B.to work A.work B.to work C.worked D.working C.worked D.workingBAABExercise5.-Have you got a ticket for the concert?5.-Have you got a ticket for the concert?-No,the tickets _well and they-No,the tickets _well and they _out last week._out last week.A.sell;were sold B.sell;sold A.sell;were sold B.sell;sold C.sell;have been sold D.are sell;sold C.sell;have been sold D.are sell;sold A6.Dontgetthatinkonyourwhiteshirtforit_.A.wontwashoutB.doesntwashawayCisntwashingoutD.hasntwashedaway7.Theytriedtogetthecar_,butitwont_.A.started;startB.tostart;startC.started;startedD.tostart;tostartAA助动词是助动词是“辅助性辅助性”动词，一般没有词义，不能单独动词，一般没有词义，不能单独 作谓语，但可用来帮助构成谓语，表示不同的时态，作谓语，但可用来帮助构成谓语，表示不同的时态，语态，和数的变化。语态，和数的变化。常见的助动词有：常见的助动词有：（1 1）be(am,is,are,was,were,being,been)be(am,is,are,was,were,being,been)与现在分词结合构成各种进行时态，或与过去与现在分词结合构成各种进行时态，或与过去分词结合构成被动语态。分词结合构成被动语态。Eg:Im looking for my pen.Eg:Im looking for my pen.（现在进行时）（现在进行时）What were you doing at this time yesterday What were you doing at this time yesterday?(过去进行时过去进行时)These cups are made in China.These cups are made in China.（被动语态）（被动语态）（三）助动词（三）助动词（2 2）have(has,had,having)have(has,had,having)与过去分词结合构与过去分词结合构成完成时。成完成时。Eg:Eg:They have known each other for twenty They have known each other for twenty years.years.（现在完成时）现在完成时）He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the age of ten.age of ten.（过去完成时）（过去完成时）（3 3）助动词助动词do(does,did)do(does,did)后只能跟动词原形，后只能跟动词原形，与与notnot及其他动词结合构成否定句，或置于主语及其他动词结合构成否定句，或置于主语之前构成疑问句。之前构成疑问句。Eg:He does not speak English.Eg:He does not speak English.When did he come back?When did he come back?（4 4）will(would),shall(should)will(would),shall(should)：willwill能用于一般将来时的任何人称后；能用于一般将来时的任何人称后；wouldwould是是willwill的过去时，能用于过去将来时；两者后面都接动词原的过去时，能用于过去将来时；两者后面都接动词原形。形。Eg:Eg:The plane will arrive in ten minutes.The plane will arrive in ten minutes.飞机十分飞机十分中后将要到达。中后将要到达。I was sure that we would win.I was sure that we would win.我确信用我们我确信用我们会赢。会赢。shallshall与与shouldshould这两个助动词本身没有词义，这两个助动词本身没有词义，shallshall只只能用于一般将来时的第一人称后；能用于一般将来时的第一人称后；shouldshould是是shallshall的的过过 去时，只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后；两者去时，只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后；两者后面都接动词原形。后面都接动词原形。Eg:Eg:We shall meet at the school gate tomorrow.We shall meet at the school gate tomorrow.我们明天将在校门口见。我们明天将在校门口见。I told them that I should do the work alone.I told them that I should do the work alone.我告诉我告诉 他们我将独自做那项工作。他们我将独自做那项工作。情态动词在英文中是情态动词在英文中是“辅助性辅助性”动词，用来表示动词，用来表示说话人的语气或情态说话人的语气或情态，包括请求、命令、允诺、可能、，包括请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。情态动词本身有需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，没有人称词义，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，且后面只跟动词原形。和数的变化，且后面只跟动词原形。情态动词的种类：情态动词的种类：原原原原 形形形形 过去式过去式过去式过去式 词词词词 义义义义 cancancouldcould能能能能 maymaymightmight可以（或许）可以（或许）可以（或许）可以（或许）mustmustmust(hadto)must(hadto)必须（不得不）必须（不得不）必须（不得不）必须（不得不）willwillwouldwould愿意愿意愿意愿意 shallshallshouldshould应该应该应该应该 needneedneededneeded需要需要需要需要 daredaredareddared敢于敢于敢于敢于（四）情态动词（四）情态动词cant help but do=cant but docant help but do=cant but do =have to do =have to doI cant help but tell him the truth.I cant help but tell him the truth.1.-I usually go there by train.1.-I usually go there by train.-Why not_by boat for a change?-Why not_by boat for a change?A.to try going B.trying to go A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going C.to try and go D.try going2.-The light in the office is still on.2.-The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot_.-Oh,I forgot_.A.turning it off B.turn it off A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it offDC 1)can 1)can的主要用法是：的主要用法是：A._A._：The girl The girl cancan dance very dance very well.well.B._ B._：CanCan the news be true?the news be true?C._:C._:Can Can I sit here?I sit here?can&could：表示能力表示推测可能性表请求或允许（多用于疑问否定句中）2)could2)could的主要用法是：的主要用法是：A._A._ _:_:We all knew that the young man We all knew that the young man couldnt couldnt be a doctor.be a doctor.我三岁就能看书了。我三岁就能看书了。Father said I could go out with my Father said I could go out with my friends.friends.could 是can的过去式,表示过去 的能力,许可和推测B.could可代替can表示请求,语气委婉(主要用于疑问句）Couldyoulendmeyourbike?CouldIuseyourbike?-Yes，youcan.3)3)They They cant/couldnt cant/couldnt have gonehave gone out because out because the light is still on.the light is still on.cant/couldnthavedone过去否定猜测mustdo/be现肯猜cantdo/be现否猜musthavedone过肯猜 1)._ 1)._ We We mustmust all die.all die.人总要死的。人总要死的。2)._2)._ You You mustmust get up early.get up early.你必须早起来。你必须早起来。must:must:表示必然性。表示强制/义务。We We mustntmustnt waste our time.waste our time.-May I take this magazine -May I take this magazine out?out?-No,you -No,you mustntmustnt.3).mustnot:“禁止”。4).must用于一般疑问句的时候用于一般疑问句的时候，肯定回答用yes,please或者Imafraidso,其否定回答用neednt或者donthaveto5).5).表示推测，意为表示推测，意为“一定是一定是”,语气非常肯定，近语气非常肯定，近乎确定的意味，一般用在肯定句。乎确定的意味，一般用在肯定句。must+v 对现在的推测 It It mustmust be be eleven oclock now.eleven oclock now.He He must must gogo crazy.crazy.must+have+过去分词 对过去的推测must+be+v-ing 对将来或现在进行时的推测6).6).表示表示“偏偏偏偏”，表达对某事的不满或责备等情绪。，表达对某事的不满或责备等情绪。Why must it rain on Sunday?Why must it rain on Sunday?may&might may&might：may may 常用来表示：常用来表示：A._A._ MayMay I come in?I come in?Yes,please.Yes,please.B._ B._表示请求、允许;-IbelievethemanisfromEngland.-ButImaybewrong.Theguestmayarrivethisafternoon表示猜测答语避免使用may，以免显得太严肃或太不客气 The road The road maymay be blocked.be blocked.这条路可能不通了。这条路可能不通了。The road The road cancan be blocked.be blocked.这条路可能会是不通的。这条路可能会是不通的。在疑问句中，表示可能性用在疑问句中，表示可能性用cancan。如：如：Where Where cancan he be?he be?他会在哪呢他会在哪呢？可能性从大到小:must.cancouldmaymight C._C._ May you succeed!May you succeed!May you have a good journey!May you have a good journey!表示祝愿;语气较正式:多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。也可以表示现在的可能性，但是比may表示的可能性更小，且might可以用于虚拟语气，may不可以。might的用法有:Shesaidthathemighttakeherbike.她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。Youmightgetsomehelpfromherifshewerehere.1).1).I will tell you something important.我将要告诉你一些重要的事。will&wouldwill&would：Nancywillsticktoherwayoflife.Itoldhimnottodoit,buthewould.will是助动词或是情态动词用于构成将来时是助动词。用于表“意志/决心”是情态动词。would亦同理，只是表过去。2).2)._ If you want help,let me know,will you?If you want help,let me know,will you?如果你需要帮助如果你需要帮助,让我知道让我知道,好吗好吗?Would you type this,please?Would you type this,please?请打印这个，好吗？请打印这个，好吗？Wont you sit down?Wont you sit down?请坐下，好吗？请坐下，好吗？疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请求表委婉不是表过去Thiswillbethebookyouwant.Hewillhavearrivedbynow.Theguestswouldhavearrivedbythattime.Ithoughtyouwouldhavefinishedthisbynow.Thiswillbethebuildingyouarelookingfor.3).用“willbe”和“will(would)+have+过去分词”的结构表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测，后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。4)._4)._Would you help us,please?Would you help us,please?请您帮助我们，好吗？请您帮助我们，好吗？Id go there with you.Id go there with you.我要和你一块到那儿去。我要和你一块到那儿去。Teacher wouldnt allow it.Teacher wouldnt allow it.老师不会允许这件事。老师不会允许这件事。（表请求）would比will客气委婉。（表意愿）（表许可）1).1).Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter.可能今年冬天我会去英国观光。（构成一般将来时,助动词）shall&shouldshall&should：shall用于构成将来时是助动词。（表（表“决心决心”，情态动词），情态动词）Shallwegobytrain,Mom?妈妈，我们乘火车去好吗？Shallhecomein?要他进来吗？2).用于征求意见用于征求意见,是情态动词是情态动词,一般用于第一一般用于第一一人称和第三人称一人称和第三人称（表（表“决心决心”，情态动词），情态动词）Dontworry,youshallgetthebook.Nothingshallstopus.Youshallgetwhatyoudeserve.Heshallbepunishedifhebreakstherule.Nooneshallsmokehere.3).用于表允诺，决心，警告，命令用于表允诺，决心，警告，命令,或或颁布法令规定等。用于二三人称。颁布法令规定等。用于二三人称。4).4).You You should should keep your promise.keep your promise.你应该遵守诺言。你应该遵守诺言。You should call the police.You should call the police.*表示表示“按理说按理说”。Its 8 oclock now,he should be here at any Its 8 oclock now,he should be here at any moment.moment.*表埋怨，用于表埋怨，用于“Shouldnt?”Shouldnt?”Shouldnt you be doing your homework Shouldnt you be doing your homework now?now?should表示义务/建议/劝告，意为“应该”。1.-_Igoouttoplay,mum?-No,you_.Youshoulddoyourhomeworkfirst.A.Might;wouldntB.May;hadbetternotC.Must;mustntD.Need;mustntB2.-WhereisEmma?-Icantsayforsurewheresheis,butshe_beoutshopping.A.canB.shouldC.mustD.mayD3.Theroomisinaterriblemess;it_cleaned.A.canthavebeenB.couldntbeC.mayhavebeenD.wouldbeA4.How_yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle?A.canB.mustC.needD.mayA5.Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?“Noperson_smokeorcarryalightedcigarette,cigarorpipeinthisareas.”A.WillB.mayC.shallD.mustC6.HasMr.TomWhitearrived?Yes,already_hewaitoutsideorjustcomein?A.ShallB.MayC.CouldD.MustA7.-JanehasjustcomebackfromChinaandshelookshappy.-She_hertripverymuch.A.mustenjoyB.musthaveenjoyedC.mayenjoyDshouldhaveenjoyedB8.Theterribleaccidentisunderinvestigation.Actually,quickeraction_thoseworkerstrappedinthemine.A.mighthavesavedB.musthavesavedC.shouldhavesavedD.couldhavesavedD9.Hechosetoteachinawesternprovince,thoughhe_inthecityforabetterlife.A.couldstayB.wouldstayC.couldhavestayedD.hadstayedC10.We_hereatlunchtime;weweredelayedattheairport,though.A.couldbeB.shouldbeC.musthavebeenD.wouldhavebeenD11.HowIwishI_mymouthbeforeIshoutedatmyum!A.shutB.haveshutC.hadshutD.wouldshutC12.Wemustapplywhatwehavelearnttoourdailyworkbecauseinnocase_frompractice.A.shouldtheoryseparateB.shouldtheorybeseparatedC.theoryshouldseparateD.theoryshouldbeseparatedB13.Whohasmadeamessinmyroom?Whoelse_itbutyournaughtyson?A.coulddoB.couldhavedoneC.shoulddoD.ShouldhavedoneB14.Itsreallyawonderthatallthepassengersonboard_whiletheplaneitselfsankintothefreezingHudsonRiverinNewYork.A.musthavebeensavedB.shouldhavebeensavedC.wouldbesavedD.mightbesavedB15.You_lateforyesterdayclassmeeting,asitwassoimportant.A.couldntbeB.shouldntbeC.mustnthavebeenD.oughtnttohavebeen16.Butforyourtimelywarning,we_intogreattrouble.Youknowwerefriends.A.wouldgetB.musthavegotC.wouldhavegotD.canthavegotDC1)1)insist insist 2)order,command 2)order,command 4)advise,4)advise,suggestsuggest,propose,recommend ,propose,recommend 4)demand,ask,require,request4)demand,ask,require,request1.He ordered that we(should)leave at once.2.His order that we(should)leave at once was right.延伸延伸1 1：接虚拟语气的词：接虚拟语气的词3.He insisted that his brother_ there.A.go B.went C.going D.to go4.He insisted that he_ nothing wrong and _ set free.A.do;be B.had done;was C.had done;be D.did;was5