高三英语一轮复习-被动语态复习.pptx

一、被动语态的定义：一、被动语态的定义：语态是动词的一种形式，用以表语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是谓语动作的执行者，则为主动语态；谓语动作的执行者，则为主动语态；当主语是谓语动作的承受者，则为被当主语是谓语动作的承受者，则为被动语态。动语态。被动语态由助动词被动语态由助动词be+过去分词过去分词构成，时态通过构成，时态通过be表现出来。表现出来。二、各种时态的被动语态构成二、各种时态的被动语态构成 1）一般现在时：一般现在时：You are required to do this.2）一般过去时：一般过去时：The story was told by her.3）一般将来时：一般将来时：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.4）现在进行时：）现在进行时：The question is being discussed in the meeting room.5）过去进行时：）过去进行时：The new road was being made.6）现在完成时：）现在完成时：The novel has been read.7)情态动词：情态动词：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.1.They make shoes in that factory.三、主动语态变被动语态三、主动语态变被动语态Shoes are made (by them)in that factory.一般现在时的被动语态构成一般现在时的被动语态构成：S(主语）主语）+am/is/are +过去分词过去分词2.They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them)last term.一般过去时：一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词过去分词3Ling Feng can take good care of Polly Polly can be taken good care of by Ling Feng .情态动词：情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词过去分词4.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished(by them)in ten days.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词过去分词5.Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时：现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词6We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时：现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词过去分词7I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done(by me)at 8:00 last night.过去进行时：过去进行时：S+was/were+being+过去分词过去分词 四、何时使用被动语态呢？四、何时使用被动语态呢？一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Football is played all over the world 二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：的执行者时。例如：My bike was stolen我的自行车被盗了。我的自行车被盗了。三、汉语中含有三、汉语中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“有有人说人说”、“大家说大家说”等时。例如：等时。例如：It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说据推测说 It is supposed that 四、汉语中含有四、汉语中含有“被被”、“由由”等词时。等词时。例如：例如：Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao魏华是被林涛叫来的。魏华是被林涛叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：He was born in October，1989 六、表示礼貌时。例如：六、表示礼貌时。例如：You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8：00pmtomorrow敬请您明天晚上敬请您明天晚上8：00光临我们的英语晚会。光临我们的英语晚会。五、在什么情况下不能使用被动语五、在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？态呢？1.表示状态的动词，如表示状态的动词，如have，cost，fit，last，own，hold，become等往往不能用于被动语态。等往往不能用于被动语态。例如：例如：【正正】The shirt fits him very well【误误】He is fitted very well by the shirt 2.祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如：祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如：【正正】Look at the blackboard，please【误误】The blackboard is looked at by you 3.某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。例如：组织时不能用于被动语态。例如：【正正】He joined the League in 1998【误误】The League was joined by him in 1998 4.由由“动词名词动词名词”构成的英语习语（如构成的英语习语（如make faces，make friends，take place等）等）一般不可改为被动语态。例如：一般不可改为被动语态。例如：【正正】The boy make faces in class【误误】Faces are made by the boy in class Great changes have taken place in Jinan since last year.5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：动语态。例如：【正正】You must look after yourself【误误】Yourself must be looked after Practice先将主动句改为被动句，再把被先将主动句改为被动句，再把被先将主动句改为被动句，再把被先将主动句改为被动句，再把被动句变为一般疑问句与否定句动句变为一般疑问句与否定句动句变为一般疑问句与否定句动句变为一般疑问句与否定句 1 1People People growgrow wheat in North wheat in North ChinaChina 2 2They They boughtbought ten computers last ten computers last termterm 3Some workers are painting the classrooms now 4We have made twenty more beds 5Ling Feng can take good care of Polly.6I was doing my homework at 8：00 last night 一、如主动句含一、如主动句含间宾和直宾间宾和直宾双宾语；双宾语；或含省略或含省略to的不定式作宾补，变被动的不定式作宾补，变被动时有何变化呢？时有何变化呢？Uncle Li lent us the boat last week（变被动）（变被动）We were lent the boat by Uncle Li last week The boat was lent to us by Uncle Li last week（加上了（加上了to，有的也加，有的也加for）Mum made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by my mother.间宾（人）作被动句的主语，间宾（人）作被动句的主语，一切依旧；而直宾（物）作主语，一切依旧；而直宾（物）作主语，则须在间宾前添加则须在间宾前添加to或或for。加。加to的的动词多为动词多为give，send，bring，teach，show，pass，write，ask，tell等；加等；加for的动词有的动词有make，draw，buy等。等。二、二、My parents made me water all these young trees（变被动）（变被动）I was made to water all these young trees by my parents（加上了（加上了to）这种主动句中用省这种主动句中用省to的不定式的不定式作宾补，变被动时定要加上作宾补，变被动时定要加上to。这种谓语动词有这种谓语动词有feel，hear，listen to，let，make，have，see，notice，look at，watch（即常言道（即常言道“一感二听一感二听三让四看见三让四看见”）。）。Exercises1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told5.His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them.was made to have can be used7.Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished9.The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1)_ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2)Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.we were given were given to us10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work.Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.was asked is done12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.can be mended must be taken14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _?is studiedIs talked by them16.Someone must help me move away the heavy bag.I must _ _ to move away this heavy bag.17.Was the window broken by Tom?（变为主动语态）（变为主动语态）_ Tom_ the window?be helpedDid break18.The tractor wasnt driven out of the road.He_ _ the tractor out of the road.19.Doesnt Bob clean the street every day?_ the street _ by Bob every day?didnt driveIsnt cleaned20.What can they do to finish the work on time?_ _ _ _ by them to finish the work?What can be done21.None of the children were made to try the new medicine by the doctor.The doctor _ _ _ _ the _ _ the new medicine.didnt make any of children try将下列句子改为被动语态将下列句子改为被动语态将下列句子改为被动语态将下列句子改为被动语态1 1We sweep the floor every We sweep the floor every dayday 2 2He does morning exercises He does morning exercises every morningevery morning 3 3He gave me a book He gave me a book yesterdayyesterday 4 4The nurses take care of The nurses take care of the sick old manthe sick old man 5 5You can take the book You can take the book out of the reading roomout of the reading room 6 6What do the workers use What do the workers use the machine forthe machine for？7 7I made him work two I made him work two hours every dayhours every day 8 8Class One will help the Class One will help the farmers tomorrowfarmers tomorrow 9 9We have learned two We have learned two thousand English wordsthousand English words1010We found many students We found many students playing football on the playing football on the playground.playground.将下列句子改为主动语态将下列句子改为主动语态将下列句子改为主动语态将下列句子改为主动语态1Was the work finished by 1Was the work finished by him yesterdayhim yesterday？2 2He was given a pen by me He was given a pen by me yesterdayyesterday 3 3Children should be taken Children should be taken good care ofgood care of 4 4The trees must be put The trees must be put in the hole by themin the hole by them 5 5The car is not being The car is not being repaired by her nowrepaired by her now 6.Were the books taken 6.Were the books taken away by the girl?away by the girl?再 见