初中英语语法——介词23张.pptx

介介 词词 by by by by 张慧月张慧月张慧月张慧月Look at this picture,what can you see?There are some apples on the tree.There is a bird in the tree.There are some strawberries and flowers under the tree.一、定义一、定义 介词是一种用来表示:词与词,词与句之间的关系的词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。二、分类二、分类时间介词时间介词地点介词地点介词方式介词方式介词其他介词（方法、原因、目的）其他介词（方法、原因、目的）介词的讲解介词的讲解介词介词介词介词1时间介词时间介词时间介词时间介词in年、月、季节及时间段（早、午、晚）年、月、季节及时间段（早、午、晚）on具体某一天，星期、节日具体某一天，星期、节日at钟点、节日、（一段时间）的起点钟点、节日、（一段时间）的起点 in the morning/afternoon/evening on Monday in January/February on January fifth in Spring on Christmas Day in 2014 on New Years Day in 2 days/weeks/years on Sunday morning at dawn/daybreak at six at midnight at 4:30 at sixteen/at the age of sixteen at ChristmasLets try!1.Mygrandfatherwasborn_Oct.10,1935.A.on B.in C.at D.of 2.Thetrainisstarting_fiveminutes.A.in B.at C.for D.still 3.Mikedoeshisexercises_seven_theevening.A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;on 4.Childrengetgifts_Christmasand_theirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on 5.Thereisnothing_tomorrowafternoon,isthere?-No.Wecanhaveagameoftabletennis.A.onB.inC.outD.up for一段时间一段时间over 在某个时间一直在某个时间一直.(.(连续的状态连续的状态,行为等行为等)某个时间点上发生或做了某事某个时间点上发生或做了某事(间断的或一次性的状态或行为间断的或一次性的状态或行为)during for 2 days over a five-year period for a long time over many years for a couple of weeks over night Theyve been married for 10 years.during the Middle Ages during 1942 在1942年中 during the summer（of that year）during his childhood Lets try 1.He fell asleep _ the lesson.他在上课时睡着了。2.The fish will not keep _ night.这条鱼放不到明天(就会变质)3.He _ a lot of great movies over these years.A.has made B.made C.was making D.was made 4.Id like to call on my uncle _my stay in Beijing this summer.In other words,I can see my uncle again _the summer.A.during;during B.in;in C.during;in D.in;during 5.There was a terrible storm_the night;it rained_four or five hours.A.during;during B.during;for C.for;for D.for;during overduringbefore在在（时间）之前，但（时间）之前，但 不包括当日不包括当日after在在（时间）以后（时间）以后from 用于一般过去用于一般过去、一般、一般现在现在或一般或一般将来时将来时since主要用于完成时或完成进行时主要用于完成时或完成进行时“自从”I went to the cinema befroe 7 p.m.yesterday.Mary often play volleyball with her friends after school.We go to school from Monday to Friday.It is 10 years since they got married.“by+“by+时间点时间点”表示表示“到到.以前为止以前为止”，如果如果byby后加后加“将来的时间点将来的时间点”，应用一般将，应用一般将来时；如果来时；如果byby后跟过去的时间点，应用过去后跟过去的时间点，应用过去完成时完成时 用于否定句中，意为用于否定句中，意为“直到直到才才”，在，在其前的谓语动词多用瞬间动词；其前的谓语动词多用瞬间动词；用在肯定用在肯定句中意为句中意为“直到直到为止为止”，其前的谓语动，其前的谓语动词需用延续性动词词需用延续性动词 By the end of next month,I will finish reading this book By the end of this week,I have written two books I didnt go to bed until 10 oclock.I waited for my mother until 10 oclock.till/untilby2地点介词地点介词地点介词地点介词at一般指小地方；一般指小地方；at home at school at the station That man is standing at the bus stop.in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；一般指大地方或某个范围之内；in the factory in the room in the center of/in the middle of.on往往表示往往表示“在某个物体的表面在某个物体的表面”。on the bus on the train on the subway/underground There is a book and a lamp on the desk.表示地理位置的几种介词用法表示地理位置的几种介词用法表示地理位置的几种介词用法表示地理位置的几种介词用法 in：某一地区之内的地方（在该范围之内）某一地区之内的地方（在该范围之内）to：某一地区之外的地方（在该范围之外）某一地区之外的地方（在该范围之外）on：与某一地区接壤的地方与某一地区接壤的地方Fujian is in the southeast of China.Xinjiang is in the northwest of China.Jiangsu is in the east of China What about Taiwan?Taiwan is inin the southeast of China.in：某一地区之内的地方（在该范围之内）某一地区之内的地方（在该范围之内）to：某一地区之外的地方（在该范围之外）某一地区之外的地方（在该范围之外）on：与某一地区接壤的地方与某一地区接壤的地方TipJapan is to the east of China.South Korea is to the northeast of China.Russia is on the north of China.North Korea is on northeast of China.Learn and tryWhat about Sinapore?注：注：be+in/on/to 可用 lie+in/on/to代替1.China lies _the east of Asia and _the north of Australia.A.in,on B.in,to C.to,in2.Mongolia(蒙古蒙古)is _the north of China.A.in B.on C.to3.The United States is _ the south of Canada and _ the east of Japan.A.to;in B.on;to C.in;beside D.at;on 4.Japan lies_ the east of China.A.on B.to C.in D.with Exercise 常见的方位介词常见的方位介词常见的方位介词常见的方位介词over指指“正上方正上方”,”,还有还有“覆盖覆盖”的含义（反义词的含义（反义词under，“正下方正下方”)above指指“在上方在上方”但不一定在正上方但不一定在正上方(反义词反义词below,“,“在下方在下方”)B is over A.D is above C.Spread a cloth over the table.The plane flew above the clouds.ABoveroverCDaboveabove 常见的方位介词常见的方位介词常见的方位介词常见的方位介词acrossacrossthroughthroughacross是指从是指从表面表面穿过穿过through则是指从物体则是指从物体内部内部穿过穿过 We should go across the road carefully.Three men went through the forest yesterday.穿过穿过穿过穿过1.There is a bridge _ the river.2.There is a pen _ the book.3.It took the man 2 months to walk _ the desert.4.The third floor is _ the sixth floor.5.The sixth floor is _ the third floof.riverbridge让我们思考一下让我们思考一下让我们思考一下让我们思考一下throughoverbelowaboveunderbetween.and in front ofnext to/besidebehindopposite 常见的方位介词常见的方位介词常见的方位介词常见的方位介词in the front ofAB1.Millie sits _ me.2.Amy sits _ Millie _Simon.3.Kitty sits _ Sandy.4.Kitty sits _ Simon.5.The window is _ the door.6.The chalk is _ the teachers desk.in front ofbetweenandnext to/besidebehindoppositeonDaniel saysDaniel says 3其他介词其他介词其他介词其他介词 inin 用材料、语言、方式用材料、语言、方式用材料、语言、方式用材料、语言、方式withwith 用工具、某物用工具、某物用工具、某物用工具、某物 byby 用方式、方法、手段用方式、方法、手段用方式、方法、手段用方式、方法、手段 inin this way this way withwith chopsticks chopsticks inin Chinese Chinese withwith our eyes our eyes be made be made in in metal metal withwith the money the money ByBy+交通方式：交通方式：交通方式：交通方式：byby car/bus/plane/trian car/bus/plane/trian byby sending e-mails sending e-mails交通工具前有冠词、物主代词等修饰，介词用交通工具前有冠词、物主代词等修饰，介词用交通工具前有冠词、物主代词等修饰，介词用交通工具前有冠词、物主代词等修饰，介词用“on/in”on/in”on/in”on/in”in my car on my bike on the bus in my car on my bike on the bus on a shipon a ship1.1.1.1.表示方式、方法的介词表示方式、方法的介词表示方式、方法的介词表示方式、方法的介词2.2.2.2.表示原因、目的的介词表示原因、目的的介词表示原因、目的的介词表示原因、目的的介词because of because of 表示因为或以表示因为或以表示因为或以表示因为或以.为理由为理由为理由为理由forfor 表示动作或活动的目的、目标或意图表示动作或活动的目的、目标或意图表示动作或活动的目的、目标或意图表示动作或活动的目的、目标或意图out ofout of 表示起源、来源或原因表示起源、来源或原因表示起源、来源或原因表示起源、来源或原因 I cant fly a kite I cant fly a kite because ofbecause of the heavy rain.the heavy rain.He cant come here He cant come here because ofbecause of the bad weather.the bad weather.There are all kinds of things There are all kinds of things forfor sale in this shopping centre.sale in this shopping centre.Lily went outLily went out for for a walk just now.a walk just now.The help you The help you out ofout of pity.pity.The traffic accident was The traffic accident was out ofout of carelessness in diving carelessness in diving 1.His father is very angry_him his study.A.at，with B.with，at C.to，about D.about，to 2.Paper is made_wood.A.from B.of C.by D.in 3.The basket is full_apples.A.with B.of C.in D.by 4.Kate cant come.Lets ask wei Hua instead_her.A.of B.for C.to D.with 5.The heavy rain stopped me_getting to school on time.A.to B.from C.on D.for 6.When the red light is on，its dangerous to go_the street.A.acrossB.throughC.crossD.to7.Take a rest _ you finish the work.A.beforeB.afterC.untilD.while8.You cant pass the exam,_ you study hard.A.ifB.ofC.unless D.and9._our team tried best,_ we failed.A.Though,butB.Because,so C.If,and D.Though,/谢谢观赏谢谢观赏