基本英语语法总结动词时态.docx

基本英语语法总结：动词时态动词时态是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态构造的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。所谓“时”就是行为发生的时段或状态存在的时段，即：“现在、过去、将来、过去将来“四种；所谓“态”就是行为或状态发生时所呈现的状态，有一般状态、进展状态、完成状态和完成进展状态四种。由时态结合，便形成以下十六种时态：态 时现在过去将来过去将来一般时一般现在时一般过去时 一般将来时一般过去将来时进展时现在进展时过去进展时 将来进展时 过去将来进展时完成时现在完成时 过去完成时 将来完成时 过去将来完成时完成进展时现在完成进展时过去完成进展时将来完成进展时过去将来完成进展时一般现在时1.概念：表示常常发生的状况、有规律消失的状况、总是发生的事和事实真理。2.时间状语：Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month），once a week(day, year, month），on Sundays（on Mondays ）.3.根本构造：主语 + do/does +其他；（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）。4.否认形式：主语 + am/is/are + not + 其他（此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don”t，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn”t，同时复原行为动词）。5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，复原行为动词。6.例句：（1）It seldom snows here.这里很少下雪。（2） He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于帮忙别人。（3）Action speaks louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。一般过去时1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、常常性的动作、行为。2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month），in 1989,just now, at the age of 5,one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.根本构造：主语 + 动词的过去式或be的过去式+名词。4.否认形式：主语 + was/were + not + 其他(在行为动词前加didn”t，同时复原行为动词)。5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时复原行为动词。6.例句：（1）She often came to help us in those days.那些天她常常来帮忙我们。（2） I didn”t know you were so busy.我不知道你是这么忙。一般将来时1.概念：表示将要发生的动作、准备、打算或预备做某事。2.标志：Tomorrow, soon, in a few minutes, ，the day after tomorrow, etc.3.根本构造：（1）主语 + am/is/are + going to + do sth（2）主语 + will/shall + do + do sth4.否认句：在系动词is/am/are或情态动词will/shall后加not5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。首字母大写6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他们将有一场竞赛和我们一起讨论。It is going to rain.天要下雨了。一般过去将来时1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。2.时间状语：The next day (morning , year），the following month(week），etc.3.根本构造：主语 + was/were + going to + do + 其它；主语 + would/should + do +其它4.否认形式：主语 + was/were + not + going to + do; 主语 + would/should + not + do.5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。6.例句：（1）He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他说他其次天要去北京。（2） I asked who was going there.我问，谁要去那里。现在进展时1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进展的动作及行为。2.时间状语：Now, at this time, days, etc. look, listen3.根本构造：主语+ be + doing + 其它4.否认形式：主语 + be + not +doing + 其它5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。6.例句：How are you feeling today? 你今日感觉如何？He is doing well in his lessons.在课上他表现得很好。过去进展时1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进展的行为或动作。2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。3.根本构造主语+was/were +doing +其它4.否认形式：主语+was/were + not +doing+其它5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。（第一个字母大写）6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.那段时间她在人民解放军部队工作。When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.他进来时，我正在读报纸。将来进展时1.概念：表示将来某一时间正在进展的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开头，并连续下去的动作。常用来表示询问、恳求等。2.时间状语：Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，in two days, tomorrow evening3.根本构造：主语 + shall/will + be + 现在分词 + 其它4.否认形式：主语 + shall/will + not + be + 现在分词 + 其它5.例句：This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的这个时间，他们正坐在电*。He wont be coming to the party.他不去参与聚会了。过去将来进展时1.概念：表示就过去某一时间而言，将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进展的动作，主要用于宾语从句中，尤其多用于间接引语中。2.根本构造：should/would + be + 现在分词3.例句：He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.他说他不能来由于要开会。 They said they would be coming.他们说了他们将要来。现在完成时1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开头，持续到现在的动作或状态。2.时间状语：yet, already ,just, never, ever, so far, by now, since + 时间点，for + 时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3.根本构造：主语 + have/has + p.p（过去分词） + 其它4.否认形式：主语 + have/has + not + p.p（过去分词） + 其它5.一般疑问句：have或has放句首。6.例句：The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.在过去的几年，农村发生了巨大的变化。I”ve written an essay.我已经写了一篇论文。过去完成时1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。2.时间状语：Before, by the end of last year (term, month），etc.3.根本构造：主语 + had + p.p（过去分词） + 其它4.否认形式：主语 + had + not +p.p（过去分词） + 其它5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.当我们到车站的时候，火车已经开走了。By the end of last month, we had reviewed four books.到上个月底，我们已经复习了四本书。根本构造：主语 + had + p.p（过去分词） + 其它确定句：主语 + had + p.p（过去分词） + 其它否认句：主语 + had + not + p.p（过去分词） + 其它一般疑问句：Had +主语 + p.p（过去分词）+其它特别疑问句：特别疑问词 + 一般疑问句将来完成时1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开头的动作或状态。2.时间状语：by the time of; by the end of + 时间短语（将来）；by the time + 从句（将来）3.根本构造：主语 + be going to/will/shall + have + p.p（过去分词） + 其它4例句：By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.到你回来的时候，就将发生巨大的变化。过去将来完成时1.概念：表示在过去某一时间对将来某一时刻以前所会发生的动作，常用在虚拟语气中，表示与过去的事实相反。2.根本构造：should/would have done sth.3.例句：I thought you”d have left by this time.我想这会儿你已经走了。He told them he would have finished it by 8 o”clock.他告知他们他会在8点以前干完。现在完成进展时1.概念：表示从过去某一时间开头始终连续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开头，也可能仍在连续，并可能连续到将来。2.根本构造：主语 + have/has + been + doing + 其它3.时间状语：since + 时间点，for + 时间段等。4.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.我已经在这里坐了一个小时。The children have been watching TV since six o”clock.从6点起，孩子们始终看电视。过去完成进展时1.概念：表示某个正在进展的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时刻，还未完成，始终持续到之后的当前才完毕。2.根本构造：主语 + had + been + doing + 其它3.例子：She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前始终患重感冒。Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他们期盼这个消息有一段时间了吧？4.特别含义：尚未完成：He had been writing the novel.他已经在写小说了。（他没写完）企图：He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾经学习过这个谚语。（他曾努力学习过它）未得结果：We had been studying what our enemy had said.我们始终致力于敌人所说的。（但是我们没有理解）最近状况：He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一场架。（最近）反复动作：He had been asking me the same question.他始终问我一样的问题。（屡次）心情：What had he been doing？他做了什么将来完成进展时1.概念：表示动作从某一时间开头始终连续到将来某一时间。是否连续下去，要视上下文而定。2.根本构造：shall/will have been doing3.例子：I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底，我将在这个工厂工作20年了。If we don”t hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱们如不快一点儿，等我们到了那儿，店门就会关了。过去将来完成进展时1.概念：表示从过去某时看至将来某时以前会始终在进展的动作。2.根本构造：should/would + have + been +现在分词3.例子：He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.他告知我，到年底时，他就在那住了30年了。