高中英语冠词的知识点.docx

高中英语冠词的知识点 a 与 an 的用法区分 1.根本区分：原则上说，a用于辅音前;an用于元音前。辅音前用a的例子如: a book, a student, a school, a house, a magazine 等;元音前用an的例子如: an egg, an apple, an object, an idea, an ugly thing 等。 2.易错说明：hour, honest, honor 等单词的拼写虽然以辅音字母h开头，但其读音却以元音开头，因此，前面要用an。反过来，有些单词虽然以元音字母开头，但其读音却以辅音开头，那么它们的前面应用a而不是an，这些词常见的有useful, university, usual, European, united, one-eyed, one-way 等。 此外，对于数字、字母以及由单词首字母构成的缩略词，其前究竟是用a还是an，也需依据读音来确定，如下： He has an 11-year-old daughter. Our daughter sent us an SOS for some more money. 冠词在句中的位置 1. 通常位置：一般说来冠词放在单数可数名词之前(如 a man / the man)，假如名词有其他定语，不定冠词应放在定语之前(如a good man / the good man)。 2. 特别位置：在下面状况中，冠词的位置比拟特别，需要留意。 单数可数名词被 such, many, half, what 等修饰时，不定冠词应置于其后，这个大家看例子就很简单明白，而且平常根本不会出错。 He arrived half an hour ago. He couldnt afford to pay such a price. 单数可数名词前作定语的形容词被 as, so, how, too 修饰时，通常采纳 “as / so / how / too + 形容词 + a / an + 名词”这样的词序。 He didnt know how great a mistake he had made. It is too difficult a job for me to finish in so short a time. 当定冠词与 all, both, half 表倍数的 double, twice, three times 等分数词等一起修饰名词时，定冠词应放在它们之后。 Turn off all the lights before you go to bed. Everything was almost double the normal price. 高中英语冠词的学问2 不定冠词的根本用法 1. 表类别：即指人或事物的类别。 A teacher is a person who teaches. 2. 表数量：即表示数量“一”。 Ill be able to finish it in a day or two. 3. 表同一性：即表示“同一”，说明事物的同一性质、特征、大小或程度等。 This hat and that one are of a shape. 4. 表程度：用于most前表示“特别”“非常”。 Its a most boring book. 不定冠词的考点性用法 1. 用于序数词前：表示“再一”、“又一”。 She thanked him a second time. Shall I ask her a third time? 2. 用于由动词转化来的名词前：表示一次、一番等义(通常与 have, take, make, give 等动词连用)。 Weve already had a try at it. I went down to the beach and took a swim. 3. 用于专出名词前：相当于a certain，意为“一个”“某个”。 The house next door has been bought by a Mr Jones. 4. 用于抽象名词前：使之详细化，表示与该之相关的详细的人或事。 He was a success in business. Its a pleasure to talk with you. 高中英语冠词的学问3 定冠词的根本用法 1. 表示特指：特指某(些)人或某(些)物(包括用于上文提到过的人或物之前，以及说话双方都知道的人或物)。 We have a cat and two dogs. The cat is black and the dogs are white. 2. 表示独一无二：用在世界上“独一无二”的事物的名词前。 The earth goes round the sun. He looked up at the stars in the sky. 3. 用于最高级前：即用于形容词或副词的最高级前。 Who picked the most apples? Of the four of us, I sang the worst. 4. 用于序数词或方位词之前。 He was the first man to think of it. Italy is in the south of Europe. 5. 用于乐器名词前：表示相应乐器的演奏。 Besides the violin, he plays the piano and the flute. 6. 表示人体部位：用于某些介词（短语）中指身体的某个部位。 He patted me on the back. We caught him by the arm. 7. 用于表示一家人：用于在姓氏的复数形式之前表示一家人或夫妇二人。 The Smiths live in the apartment above ours. 8. 用于江河湖海等前：用于江河湖海、山脉群岛、海湾海峡等地理名词前。如： The Yellow River flows into the Yellow Sea. 9. 用于某些含有一般名词的专出名词前：用于某些国名、组织机构、建筑物、报纸杂志、会议条约等含有一般名词与其他词构成的专出名词。 We visited the Great Wall yesterday. 定冠词的考点性用法 1. 用于整十的复数数词前：表示几十年月。 This happened in the seventies. 2. 用于比拟级前：用于“the+比拟级，the+比拟级”构造中表示“越就越”。 The sooner we operate now the safer. The better I knew him, the more I liked him. 3. 用于表示类别：用于“the+某些形容词或过去分词”中表示一类人。 Do you think the rich should pay more taxes to help the poor? The sick and the wounded were sent home. 4. 用于国籍名词前表总称：用于“the+某些国籍的形容词”中表示某国人的总称。 The French are famous for their food. The British drink a great deal of tea. 5. 用于集合名词前表总称：用于“the + police / public等集合名词”中表示这类人的总称。 The police are looking for the murderer. 6. 用于修饰same, only, very等形容词：即用于“the same / only / very +名词”构造中。 Thats the only reason. Do you belong to the same class? My view is the very opposite of his. 7. 用于单位名词前表示标准：即用于“单位词”(hour, day, month, year, dozen, gallon, ton, yard等)前表示标准，相当于汉语的“按”“论”“每”等。 They let out cars by the day. Do you sell eggs by the kilo or by the dozen? 但是，by weight(按重量)习惯上不用冠词。 Bananas are usually sold by weight.