高中英语名词性从句详细省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

名词性从句名词性从句nounclause 主语从句主语从句subjectclause 宾语从句宾语从句objectclause 表语从句表语从句predicativeclause 同位语从句同位语从句appositiveclause第1页请判断出以下句子属于哪种从句请判断出以下句子属于哪种从句What I want to do is taking a bath.The news that they won the game spread the whole school.I dont think he is an honest boy.The fact is that he stole the car.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the man who is standing over there?It is said that they won the game.(主从主从)(同位语从句同位语从句)(宾从宾从)(表从表从)(同位语从句同位语从句)(定从定从)(主从主从)第2页n引导名词性从句连接词：引导名词性从句连接词：nthat（无意义，不可省，不充当任何（无意义，不可省，不充当任何成份）成份）nwhether,if（均表示（均表示“是否是否”表明从表明从句内容不确定性）句内容不确定性）nas if,as though（均表示（均表示“好像好像”，“似乎似乎”）n以上在从句中均不充当任何成份以上在从句中均不充当任何成份 第3页n连接代词连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever n连接副词连接副词：when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从己疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句成份句中充当从句成份 第4页n不可省略连词：不可省略连词：n1.介词后连词介词后连词 n2.引导主语从句和同位语从句连词引导主语从句和同位语从句连词不可省略。不可省略。nThat she was chosen made us very happy.nWe heard the news that our team had won.第5页 在复合句中作主语从句在复合句中作主语从句在复合句中作主语从句在复合句中作主语从句.引导词有连词引导词有连词引导词有连词引导词有连词thatthat，whetherwhether;代词：代词：代词：代词：whowho,what what,which,which;副词：副词：副词：副词：when,where,how,when,where,how,whywhy等等等等.1.That he is a famous singer is known to us.(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.)2.When he will go to America is not yet fixed.(It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)主语从句主语从句第6页1.It+be+形容词形容词 that从句从句It is necessary/It is necessary/important/obviousimportant/obvious thatthat2.It+be+-ed分词分词 that从句从句It is believed that 人们相信人们相信It is known to us all that.众所周知众所周知It has been decided that 已经决定已经决定3.It+be+名词名词 that从句从句It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识It is a surprise that.令人惊奇是令人惊奇是It is a fact that 事实是事实是4.It+不及物动词不及物动词 that从句从句It appears that 似乎似乎It happens that.恰巧恰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起第7页n另注意在主语从句中用来表示另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，等语气时，谓语动词要用谓语动词要用 虚拟语气虚拟语气“(should)+do”，惯用句型有：，惯用句型有：nIt is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that nIt is suggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that 第8页主语从句中主语从句中“主谓一致主谓一致”：1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句谓语动词用单数形主句谓语动词用单数形式式.Thattheywillcome_certain.2.What引导主语从句时引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词单复数由主句谓语动词单复数由表语单复数决定表语单复数决定.Whathewants_thesebooks.Whathewants_somewater.注意注意isareis第9页n1_in the regulations that you should not tell other people the pass word of your e-mail account.(上海上海)n A.What is required B.What requiresn C It is required D.It requiresn2.The Foreign Minister said,“_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”(北京北京)n A.This B.There is C.That is D.It isn3.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.(上海上海)n A.where B.what C.that D.hown Exercises第10页 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语名名名名词词词词性性性性从从从从句句句句，通通通通常常常常放放放放在在在在主主主主句句句句谓谓谓谓语语语语动动动动词词词词(及及及及物物物物动动动动词词词词)或介词之后。或介词之后。或介词之后。或介词之后。1.Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.2.Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.3.Iamafraid(that)Ivemadeamistake.宾语从句宾语从句(作动词宾语作动词宾语)(作介词宾语作介词宾语)(作形容词宾语作形容词宾语)第11页n1.由连接词由连接词that引导宾语从句引导宾语从句 n由连接词由连接词that引导宾语从句时，引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成份，在口语或非正在句中不担任任何成份，在口语或非正式文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句式文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时时,第二个分句前第二个分句前that不可省不可省。比如：。比如：nWe must never think(that)we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.第12页n注意：在注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist,desire,request,command,doubt等表示等表示要求、命令、要求、命令、提议、决定提议、决定等意义动词后，宾语从句等意义动词后，宾语从句惯用惯用“（should）+动词原形动词原形”。nI insist that she(should)do her work alone.我坚持要她自己工作。我坚持要她自己工作。nThe commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.司令司令员命令部队马上出发。员命令部队马上出发。第13页n2.用用whether或或if引导宾语从句，引导宾语从句，其主语和谓语次序也不能颠倒，仍其主语和谓语次序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈说句语序。另外，保持陈说句语序。另外，whether与与if 在作在作“是否是否”意思讲时在以下意思讲时在以下情况下普通只能用情况下普通只能用whether，不用，不用if：na.引导引导主语从句主语从句并在并在句首句首时；时；b.引导引导表语从句表语从句时；时；c.引导从句作引导从句作介词宾语介词宾语时；时；d.从句后有从句后有“or not”时；时；e.后接后接动词动词不定式不定式时。时。第14页nWhether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.nThe question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?nEverything depends on whether we have enough money.nI wonder whether he will come or not.nCan you tell me whether to go or to stay?第15页宾语从句中宾语从句中“时态呼应时态呼应”与与“否定转移否定转移”若主句谓语动词为若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后宾语从句若含等，其后宾语从句若含有否定意义，普通要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句有否定意义，普通要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用必定式。比如：谓语用必定式。比如：Hetoldmethathe_hisjob.(已经完成了工作已经完成了工作)时态呼应时态呼应否定转移否定转移我认为他不会来这里我认为他不会来这里.I think he wont come here.()I dont think he will come here.()hadfinished第16页n4.注意宾语从句中时态呼应，当主句注意宾语从句中时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句依据本身句子情动词是现在时，从句依据本身句子情况，而使用不一样时态。比如：况，而使用不一样时态。比如：I know(that)he studies English every day.I know(that)he studied English last term.I know(that)he will study English next year.I know(that)he has studied English since 1998.第17页当主句动词是过去时态（当主句动词是过去时态（could,would除外），从句则要用对应过除外），从句则要用对应过去时态，如普通过去时，过去进行去时态，如普通过去时，过去进行时，过去未来时等；当从句表示是时，过去未来时等；当从句表示是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。比如：则从句仍用现在时态。比如：nThe teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 第18页宾语从句中用宾语从句中用it作形式宾语作形式宾语We think it our duty that we should help others.注意：假如主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足注意：假如主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，普通用语时，普通用itit来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。补后面。我发觉他两天之内完成工作是不可能我发觉他两天之内完成工作是不可能.Ifinditimpossiblethathecanfinishtheworkintwodays.第19页Exercises:“it”作形式主语或形式宾语：作形式主语或形式宾语：1.Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfullA.itB.thatC.theseD.them2.Ifeel_strangethatheshouldbesocareless.A./B.itC.thatD.how3.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.AwhileB.thatCifDfor4Willyouseeto_thattheluggageisbroughtback?A.weB.yourselfC.itD.themABBC第20页在复合句中作主句表语在复合句中作主句表语在复合句中作主句表语在复合句中作主句表语.引导表语从句关联词引导表语从句关联词引导表语从句关联词引导表语从句关联词与引导主语从句关联词大致一样与引导主语从句关联词大致一样与引导主语从句关联词大致一样与引导主语从句关联词大致一样表语从句表语从句1.问题是我们和他已失去联络问题是我们和他已失去联络.2.这就是亨利怎么处理这个问题这就是亨利怎么处理这个问题.3.天看起来要下雨了天看起来要下雨了.Theproblemis_Thisis_.Itlooks_.thatwehavelosttouchwithhim.howHenrysolvedtheproblem.asifitisgoingtorain.第21页n需要注意，当主语是需要注意，当主语是reason时，表语从时，表语从句要用句要用that引导而不是引导而不是because。nThe reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.【注意】【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但可引导表语从句，但与之同义与之同义if却通常不用于引导表语从句。却通常不用于引导表语从句。第22页在句中起同位语作用在句中起同位语作用在句中起同位语作用在句中起同位语作用.普通放在名词普通放在名词普通放在名词普通放在名词fact,news,fact,news,idea,idea,promise,thought,suggestion,belief,truthpromise,thought,suggestion,belief,truth 等之后等之后等之后等之后,用用用用以说明或解释前面名词以说明或解释前面名词以说明或解释前面名词以说明或解释前面名词.引导词有连词引导词有连词引导词有连词引导词有连词 that(that(that(that(不能省不能省不能省不能省)；少数情况下也可用连接副词等；少数情况下也可用连接副词等；少数情况下也可用连接副词等；少数情况下也可用连接副词等.1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.2.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.3.The suggestion that the plan(should)be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.同位语从句同位语从句第23页n同位语从句和同位语从句和定语从句定语从句区分：区分：nthat作为关系代词，能够引导定语从句，充作为关系代词，能够引导定语从句，充当句子成份，在从句中作宾语时能够省略；当句子成份，在从句中作宾语时能够省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词作用，没有引导同位语从句时，起连词作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成份，普通不能省略。实际意义，不充当句子成份，普通不能省略。nI had no idea that you were here（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）引导同位语从句，不能省略）nHave you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，能够省略）引导定语从句，作宾语，能够省略）第24页Exercises1.Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.(上海春季上海春季)A.which B.that C.when D.why2.Do you have any idea_ is actually going on in the classroom?(辽宁辽宁)A.that B.what c.as D.which3.There is a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever.(上海上海)A.that B.which c.of which D.what4.Information has been put forward_ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as第25页(1)Theywanttoknow_dotohelpus.A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheycanD.howcanthey(2)Canyoumakesure_thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput(3)SomeoneisringingMary.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitisB BC CI.语序问题语序问题考点归纳考点归纳DD归纳归纳 在在名名词词性性从从句句中中，除除了了关关联联词词在在从从句句之之首首外外，其它部分其它部分应用应用_语序语序。陈说陈说第26页II.用用if 或或whether 填空填空n1.I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.n2.I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.n3.The question is _ this book is worth writing.n4.It depends on _ we will have enough money.n5._ they can do it matters little to us.n6._ you are not free tomorrow,Ill go without youwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIfa.主主语语从从句句、表表语语从从句句、同同位位语语从从句句、介介词词后后面宾语从句只能用面宾语从句只能用_，不能用，不能用if；b.后面紧跟后面紧跟ornot时时,用用_.归纳归纳whetherwhether第27页III.that与与whether/if选择：选择：(1)_knowledgecomesfrompracticeisknowntoall.A.WhatB.WhereC.IfD.That(2)Itmakesnodifference_oursportsmeetwillbeheldthisweekornextweek.A.thatB.eitherC.whetherD.when(3)Idoubt_hewillcomesoon.(4)Idonotdoubt_hewillcomesoon.(5)Doyoudoubt_hewillcomesoon?whether/ifwhether/ifthatthatthatthat 表示是否时用表示是否时用_,表示必定时用表示必定时用_归纳归纳whether/ifthat第28页1._Icantunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind.2._theearthisroundisknowntousall.3._hewontheracewas_weexpected.that:what:_只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成份，没有词义只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成份，没有词义_起连接作用，且在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，起连接作用，且在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，表示表示“所所”。ThatWhatThatwhat归纳归纳.that，what引导名词性从句区分引导名词性从句区分第29页.what&whateverwho&whoeverwhich&whichever引导名词性从句区分引导名词性从句区分1._isworthdoingisworthdoingwell.2._weneedismoretime.3._madethelongdistancecalltohimisnotimportant.4._breaksthelawwillbepunished.WhateverWhatWhoWhoevern _等引导名词性从句等引导名词性从句不含不含有疑问意义有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而n_等引导名词性从句都等引导名词性从句都含有含有疑问意义疑问意义。Whoever,whateverWho,what第30页1.Its generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A.which B.thatC.whatever D.all what2.These wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I can to save them.A.which B.thatC.whatever D.all what3._ kills,sells or eats wild animals or birds,is to blame.A.AnyoneB.Anyone whoC.Those whoD.ThoseExercises第31页.名词性从句中虚拟语气：名词性从句中虚拟语气：Hesuggestedthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.Itwassuggestedthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.Hissuggestionwasthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.Hemadeasuggestionthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.表示表示提议提议,请求请求,命令命令,要求要求,坚持坚持等名词性从句中等名词性从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气谓语动词用虚拟语气.归纳归纳第32页2.在主语从句中用来表示在主语从句中用来表示惊奇惊奇,不相信不相信,惋惜惋惜,理应如此理应如此等等,谓语动词用虚拟语气谓语动词用虚拟语气(should)+do,惯用句型有惯用句型有 1)It is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc)that 2)It is a pity(a shame,no wonder etc,)that e.g.It is strange that she(should)think so.第33页试区分以下句子试区分以下句子Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the fact that they were talking about?注意：注意：1.1.假如是定语从句，它从句必定是不假如是定语从句，它从句必定是不完整，关系词必定在句中充当成份；而同位语完整，关系词必定在句中充当成份；而同位语从句中从句中thatthat只起连接作用。只起连接作用。2.2.定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明前面名词详细内容。而同位语从句则解释说明前面名词详细内容。(同从同从)(定从定从)拓展拓展第34页1.Thequestionis_thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how2.Theyreceivedorders_theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that3.Thereason_Ihavetogois_mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;becauseConsolidation:第35页4._Icantunderstandis_shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because5._hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif6.Itisknowntous_wherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that第36页7.Ihavetheinformation_.A.ofwhathellcomesoonB.thathellcomesoonC.ofthathellcomesoonD.hiscomingsoon8.-Isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball.-_itmademenearlymad.A.ThathebrokeB.WhathebrokeC.HebrokeD.Hisbreak第37页9.Itremainsaquestion_wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.howB.thatC.whenD.what10.-CanIhelpyou?-Yes,doyouknow_?A.whencomesthebusB.whenwillcomethebusC.whendoesthebuscomeD.whenthebuscomes第38页11.Hemadeapromise_anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.thatif12.Theylosttheirwayintheforestand_mademattersworsewas_nightbegantofall.A.what;thatB.it;thatC.what;whenD.which;what第39页13.Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfullA.itB.ThatC.theseD.them14.Ifeel_strangethatheshouldbesocareless.A./B.itC.thatD.how15.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.（MET92）AwhileB.thatCifDfor第40页