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<p>一、比较选择类(A or B)A or B)比较两个事物优缺点并表明倾向比较两个事物优缺点并表明倾向TelevisionisaBetterSourceofEntertainmentAbalanceddiet:AbetterwaytostayhealthyIsabiguniversitysuperiortoasmalluniversity?HomeeducationoutweighsoverseaeducationforyoungchildrenWillPhoneskillletterwriting?Wheretolive:inthecityorinthecountry?Wheretoeat:inarestaurantorathome?Whethertofurtherstudyortofindajobsoonaftergraduation?Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftakingapart-timejobThepositiveandnegativeeffectsofTVadvertisements第2页第一段第一段:(用现象或事实陈说用现象或事实陈说)引出要比较两个引出要比较两个事物事物,用一句话表示自己观点用一句话表示自己观点./用现象陈说法、用现象陈说法、提问法引出比较事物，主题句指出两个事物存提问法引出比较事物，主题句指出两个事物存在着显著差异或不一样点。在着显著差异或不一样点。第二段第二段:主题句承接首段观点主题句承接首段观点,限定本段内容限定本段内容.然后比较两事物优缺点然后比较两事物优缺点.(Topicsentence+First,second,third,theadvantageofA,butthedisadvantageofB.+supportingdetails)/直接评述直接评述A事物主要特点事物主要特点+扩展句，扩展句，B事物主事物主要特点要特点+扩展句。扩展句。第三段：结论，注意首尾观点一致。第三段：结论，注意首尾观点一致。/得出倾得出倾向性结论，表明作者态度。向性结论，表明作者态度。第3页 Which Mode of Travel Do you Like?With the general standard of living improving and the working week becoming shorter,more and more people are able to make a holiday trip to places of interest.While many like to join package tours for convenience,I prefer to travel on my own.The first part (from general to specific从从面面到到点，从点，从现象到象到详细讨论事物，引出自己事物，引出自己观点点)第4页I liketravelingon my own not only becauseit givesagreatofindependenceandfreedom.Travelingonmyown,Immyownboss,andIcandecidewhentostartonmyway,wheretolingeralittlelongerandwhichspotcanbeskippedovertosaveenergyandtimeforanother spot.I can always adjust my plan.On thecontrary,inapackagetouryouredeprivedofasmuchfreedom as in a military base.At the sound of thewhistle,youhavetojumpupfromasoundsleepandhurrytothegatheringplacewhereyouarecollected.Atthesightofthelittleflagwaving,youmustimmediatelytakeyourselfawayfromthescenesyouaremarvelingatandfollowtheguidewhosesoleinterestistocoverallspotsaccordingtohisstrictschedule,regardlessoftheweatheroryourhealthcondition.（阐述理由，对比优缺点）（阐述理由，对比优缺点）第5页True,youmayencounterinconveniencesifyoutravelindividually,forinstance,gettingaccommodations for the night and finding aplaceformeals.Butnothingcanbecomparedwiththefreedomwhichisvitaltoapersonwhotakes a holiday trip mainly to escape fromconstrainsofhisroutinelife.（首尾观点一致，得出结论，深入说明观点）（首尾观点一致，得出结论，深入说明观点）第6页二、意义、主要性、危害性说明类作文二、意义、主要性、危害性说明类作文TheimportanceofextracurricularactivitiesTheimportanceofkeepingagoodmoodTravelbroadensourmindAmajoradvantageordisadvantageofadvertisingonTVadvertisingMorepressurefromacademicstudiesDOES(orDOESNOTdo)goodtous第7页提醒：第一段：大背景提醒：第一段：大背景(上义背景，自己态度：上义背景，自己态度：主要？有利？有害？主要？有利？有害？)用引言句（概括式，描写，用引言句（概括式，描写，数据，提问）引出要讨论事物或现象，表明作者数据，提问）引出要讨论事物或现象，表明作者对这一事物基本看法。某种程度上就是再现标题对这一事物基本看法。某种程度上就是再现标题所给所给“定论定论”。第二段，之所以有利、有害、主要、有优势原第二段，之所以有利、有害、主要、有优势原因有两个，因有两个，firstly,(topicsentence)+supportingdetails;主题句承上启下,限定本段内容即主要性或危害性主要表达在哪些方面，接下来分述危害性或主要性，注意层次和句式。Secondly,(topicsentence)+supportingdetails第三段：结论第三段：结论.假如阐述主要性，则宜用提议式假如阐述主要性，则宜用提议式或展望式。如阐述其危害性，则用警示式结尾。或展望式。如阐述其危害性，则用警示式结尾。第8页On Today s Education One of the main problems with todays education is that too much emphasis is placed on the test score.It has become the most important criterion for college enrollment.A student,however,creative and intelligent,will not be admitted into a college if his total scores are just one point less than required.It is also one of the crucial factors either in job assignment or in employment competitions.（由面及点入（由面及点入题）第9页Thecompetitionforhighscoresamongstudentsbecomesintense.Studentsfindthemselvesconcentratingmoreonstrategiestoachievehighscoresthanonacquiringtheknowledge.Theywillplaytruantofsomesubsidiarycourses,skipoverthesubstancewhichwillnotbetestedon,evenpumpteachersforhintsonupcomingexams.（第一个角度：学生）（第一个角度：学生）第10页Teachersareapttogivetheirstudentshighscores.Astheirjobisjudgedmainlybythestudentsperformanceintermsofscores,someteacherstendtoseteasypaperstotesttheirstudentsornarrowdownthescopeoftheexam.Someteachersevenleak“accidentally”theexamquestionsorlowertheircriterionofscoring.Asaresult,thetestfailtoachievethedesiredresults.（第二个角度：教师）（第二个角度：教师）第11页Wemustsearchforanimmediatesolution,becausethecompetitionforhighscoresbecomessointensethatitactuallydefeatstheacademicgoalsofeducation.（警示式结尾）（警示式结尾）第12页三、观点论证类三、观点论证类 （agree or disagreeagree or disagree）Ismoneyallpowerful?Isthriftnecessaryinmodernsociety?SomepeoplethinkthatmachinetranslationcanreplaceourEnglishstudy.Doyouagree?Whatsyouropinionaboutreducingchildrensexcessiveassignment?第13页提醒：第一段：背景提醒：第一段：背景(伴随伴随有些有些人观点及他们理由人观点及他们理由),我观点。我观点。引言句（现象陈说法，数据法，提引言句（现象陈说法，数据法，提问法，对立法）开头，引出要评论事问法，对立法）开头，引出要评论事物，说明他人看法，引出自己观点。物，说明他人看法，引出自己观点。第二段，陈说理由并举例证实第二段，陈说理由并举例证实.段段首句承上启下，指出原因或理由，用首句承上启下，指出原因或理由，用拓展句分别加以说明或叙述。拓展句分别加以说明或叙述。第三段第三段,得出结论，提出提议得出结论，提出提议.第14页第一段：引言句引出要评论事物或问题，第一段：引言句引出要评论事物或问题，第二句提出自己论点。第二句提出自己论点。第二段：段首句承上启下，限定论据范围。第二段：段首句承上启下，限定论据范围。正面论据之一（含有概括性）：用扩展句正面论据之一（含有概括性）：用扩展句加以延伸。加以延伸。正面论据之二（或反面论据）：用扩展句正面论据之二（或反面论据）：用扩展句加以延伸。加以延伸。第三段：结论，深入阐述观点。第三段：结论，深入阐述观点。批驳观点，阐述自己观点，采取正面立批驳观点，阐述自己观点，采取正面立论法。论法。第15页Can Success be Measured in Terms of Money?There is a deep-rooted concept in the minds of many people that money is the only yardstick of success.What they do not realize is that there are many types of success,and some are associated with wealth and some not.It is high time that such people opened their eyes and took a good look at the world around them.第16页Whileitistruethatasuccessfulbusinessmanorinventorwillusuallybecomerich,manyotherpeoplewhoareoutstandingintheirfieldsdonotreapmonetaryrewards.Oneexampleistherocketscientistwhomakesgreatachievementsinthefieldofastronauticswhilegaininggloryforhiscountry,butdrawsamodestsalary.AnotherexampleisLeiFeng,whohasmarkedhisnameinhistorybecausehislifewasdevotedhelpingothers,althoughheownedalmostnopersonalpossessions.第17页 Measuringsuccessbymoneyaloneleadspeopletostrivetomakemoneybyfairmeansorfoul.Ifonesonlygoalinlifeistobecomerich,withoutservingothersormakinganyworthwhileachievements,thenonecertainlycannotregardoneselfasasuccess.Furthermore,thosewhospendtheirlivesscramblingformoney,eventhoughtheygainit,arethebiggestlosersofall.第18页MyViewonMoneyInmodernsocietyitseemsimpossibletolivewithoutmoney.Forinstance,acountryneedsmoneytodevelopitseconomyandtoraisepeopleslivingstandards.Forapersonsufferingfrompovertyoraseriousdisease,hehastogohungryortowaittodie.Moneyisevenregardedasasymbolofwealthandstatus.Asaproverbgoes,“Moneymakesthemarego.”第19页Differentpeoplehavedifferentattitudestowardmoney.Somethinkofmoneyasthemostimportantthingintheworld.Theymaytryallmeans,suchasgamblingandcheating,tomakemoreandmoremoney.Theybelievethatmoneycanbringthemeverythingsuchasfancycars,luxurioushouses,expensivefurnitureandbeautifullovers.Somepeople,however,thinkthattherearethingsmoreimportantthanmoney,suchasgoodhealth,happinessandachievements.Theydevotethemselvestotheircareers.Theyearnmoneybyhardwork.第20页Itseemstomethatmoneyisveryimportant.Withlotsofmoneywecanlivecomfortably.ButIdontthinkitisall-powerful.Therearestillthingslikefriendshipandlovemorevaluablethanmoney.Thererealsocertainthingsthatmoneycannotbuy,suchashealth,youthandhappiness.Foramillionairesufferingfromseriouscancer,moneycannotserveitspurpose.Moneyisonlyamediumofexchange,asymbolofourworkorachievement.Therefore,weshouldearnmoneybyhonestmeans.Onlywhenmoneyisobtainedbyhardworkcanitmakeusreallyhappy.第21页MoneyIsNotAll-powerfulPeoplehavedifferentattitudestowardmoney.Somebelievethatmoneyisthesourceofhappiness.Withit,theycanbuywhatevertheyneed,whichmakestheirlifecomfortableandcolorful.Othersthinkthatmoneyistherootofallevil.Withmuchmoney,onemaybecomegreedy,selfishandimmoral.Oftenatoostrongdesireforandimproperuseofmoneymaydriveonemadandirrational,leadingtodisasterfinally.Myopinionisthatmoneyisveryimportant,butitcannotbringeverything.第22页There is no doubt that we can hardly manage to live without money.Money is very important.With it we can buy large houses,delicious and nutritious foods,fine clothing and fancy cars.And with all these,we can surely live happily and comfortably.But there are still things that money cannot buy,such as health and friendship.For an affluent person suffering from an incurable disease,money cannot make him healthy again,and thus he can never gain happiness.A millionaire without true friends would feel lonely and sad.Besides,money obtained by illegal means such as gambling or cheating may encourage one to go astray.第23页Therefore,wecannotexpectmoneytobringuseverything.Onlywhenweearnourmoneybyhonestmeansandspenditforthebenefitofothersaswell,canwefeeltruehappiness.第24页四、现象解释类（为何会有这种现象四、现象解释类（为何会有这种现象TeenagesmokingsoarsWhycollegestudentshavedifficultyinfindingjobs?Thereasonfortheyoungchildrenscrimes提醒：第一段：背景介绍提醒：第一段：背景介绍(有一个现象有一个现象)+引引言言(thefollowingtworeasonscanexplaintheproblem)第二段：第二段：firstly,(reason1),secondly(reason2)第三段：总结第三段：总结第25页Why is Western Fast-food So Popular?With Chinas opening policy,more and more foreign products are introduced to China.Among them is the western fast food.We can find many fast food restaurants in big cities and some,such as McDonald and KFC.第26页Whyiswesternfastfoodsopopular?Ithinktherearetwomainreasons.Onereasonistheirenvironment.Almostallthatkindofrestaurantsareveryclean,andthewaitersserviceisfairlygood.AnotherreasonisthattheflavorofwesternfastfoodisquitedifferentfromChinesefood,whichattractsmanypeople,especiallyyoungchildren.第27页Whatcanwelearnfromthissuccessfulcasesoastohelpourownfoodindustry?Firstly,wemustchangeourrestaurantsenvironmentandimprovetheservice.Secondly,weshouldsetupourownbrandandmakeitpopularamongpeople.Meanwhile,weshouldcreatemorenewspecialstylesoffoodtosatisfydifferentpeople.Inthisway,Chinasfoodindustrywilldefeatthewesternone.第28页五、提出提议、处理问题类五、提出提议、处理问题类Onewaytosolvetheproblem(1998)Thebestwaytostayhealthy()Presentsuggestiontoartsfestival()Onewaytosolvetransportationproblem提醒：第一段：背景介绍提醒：第一段：背景介绍(问题很严重问题很严重+处理方法好处理方法好几个几个+最好最好一个方法是一个方法是)第二段：我方法好第二段：我方法好fortworeasons.Firstly,secondly第三段：总结第三段：总结第29页How to Keep Healthy Nowadays more and more people are concerned about their health.These people are interested in physical exercises.If you happen to be in one of the city parks early in the morning,you will see lots of people there.Some are practicing Taijiquan and sword play and others are either running,walking or exercising through dance.Research shows that getting plenty of exercises makes the heart and reducing the chance of heart attack,and helping to lower blood pressure.第30页Medicalresearchershaveprovedthatwhatpeopleeataffectstheirhealth.Theyadvisepeopletoeatmorefruitsandvegetablesandlessredmeatlikebeefandporkbecausemeatcontainsmorefatthanpoultryandfish.Fatscanbuildupinthearteries,blocktheflowofblood,andcauseaheartattackorstroke.第31页Gettingridofbadhabitslikesmokinganddrinkingalcoholisalsoanimportantwaytokeephealthy,butitstillfailstodrawenoughpeoplesattention.Ifpeoplepayequalattentiontotheabovementionedthreewaysofkeepingfit,theywillgreatlyimprovetheirhealth.第32页MyIdeaofaUniversityArtsFestivalTheArtsFestivalissupposedtoprovidethestudentsaplatformonwhichtheycanshowtheirstrongsuitstheyarecoveredupwhentheyaresittingintheclassroomandplaytheroleofstudents.ThestudentbodymayorganizetheArtsFestivalintheformofcompetitionandthecompetitioncanbewidelyrangedaccordingtotheinterestsofstudentssuchasspeeches,drawing,dancing,singing,instrumentplaying,chessplayingandsoon.第33页WhyshouldtheArtsFestivalbebetterorganizedintheformofcompetitionbasedonstudentsinterests?First,thestudentsareambitiousgroup.CompetitioncanspicetheFestivalandstimulatethedesiresofthestudentstoshowthemselveswithouthesitationandreservation.Second,aplatformprovidedforstudentsinterestsmayindirectlyhelptheiracademicperformance.Supposeastudentwhoperformspoorlyinhisacademiclifewinsacompetitionofhisstrongsuit,heislikelytostarttoholdapositiveattitudetowardhimself:IamnotasinferiorasIhavebelieved.Hisconfidenceisstrengthenedinsomedegreeandthisplaysanactiveroleinhisstudy.Inthisway,theArtsFestivalhelpsthestudentsinhisstudiesindirectly.第34页TheArtsFestivalisnotonlyanimportantformingpartoftheextracurricularactivitiesofuniversitystudentscampuslivesbutalsoanecessarycomplementtothecopiedlivesofstudy.Therefore,itisthepurposeofArtsFestivalthatcancolorizethecollegelifeandbenefittheuniversitystudentsspiritually.第35页六六.观点阐述类观点阐述类第第一一段段：背背景景介介绍绍引引出出要要讨讨论论问问题题或或现现象象（引引言言句句Recently /It is new +现现象象或或问问题题）+不不一一样样人人们们观观点点及及其其理理由由（能能够够用用cases,facts,analogy,referring to an authority）第第二二段段：我我观观点点及及其其理理由由First,second,第三段：结论。第三段：结论。第36页My View On Campus MarriageV V There is a newly dissension putting forward these days:Is it legally allowed for Chinese on-campus students to get married before they complete their courses?Some people prefer yes while some others prefer no.Certainly a large number of people just cannot decide which side they should be stand.第37页In fact,the governments allow on-campus students to get marriedbefore they complete their course.Thereisntaregulationproclaimedinwritingtoforbidmarriageofon-campusstudents.Butitmustaffectthosetries.第38页Inmyopinion,itisunnecessarytoforbidon-campusstudentstogetmarriedbeforethey finished their college,however,itshouldnt be advocated or encouraged.Because,for on-campus students,theyplaytheroleaslearners.Theirmaintaskistolearn.Iftheymarried,theirschoolworkmustbeaffectedandtheymaynotgraduate favorably or may not becapable for future works.So,I believe:almostallon-campusstudentswoulddealwiththequestionreasoningly.第39页 MyViewonCompetitionandCooperationCooperationandcompetitionarebothimportant.Theyareattributesthatareequallynecessaryforapersontoachievesuccessinhislife.第40页Ifyoulivedonafarmtwohundredyearsago,youcouldbelesscooperativetoearnasuccessfullife,justworkinghardinyourfields,feedingyourfowlsandcows.Butinmoderntimes,peoplearelivingmoreandmorecooperatively.Forexample,inafootballmatch,allplayersontheteammustworkwithjointeffortsinordertowinthematch.Suchactivitiesrequireteamwork.Youcanseeworkersattheassemblylinedoingtheirpartsofworkindividually,butyoucanhardlyseeanyproductsaccomplishedbyonlyoneperson.第41页WiththerapiddevelopmentoftransportationandcommunicationsystemsliketheInternet,cooperationisbecomingmoreandmoreindispensableandvitalforapersontosurviveinthisworld.Butcompetitionisalsoveryimportantinmodernsociety.Ifyouareanentrepreneurandwishcustomerstobuyyourproducts,youhavetocompetewithothers.Competitionstimulatespeopletoimprovetheirworkandmakestheworlddeveloprapidly.第42页Bothcompetitionandcooperationareinvolvedineveryfieldoflifeandwork.Actuallyinmanyactivities,botharerequired.Forinstance,inlearningEnglish,wecompetewitheachother.Asaresult,weallmakegreatprogress.Ourstudyalsodemandsteamwork.Weoftenhelpeachotherbypointingouteachothersmistakesandexchangingideas.第43页Whileweadvocatecompetition,weshouldnotneglectcooperation.Humanbeingsaresocialbeings.Noonecansurvivewithouthelpfromothers.Onlywithbothcompetitionandcooperationcanweachievesuccessandliveinpeaceandharmonywitheachother.第44页第45页</p>
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