1、Lesson 8Lesson 8The best and the worst The best and the worst 第1页competitionkmp tin n.比赛比赛neat ni:t adj.整齐整齐path p:n.小路小路,小径小径woodenwudn adj.木头木头pool pu:l n.水池水池单词学习单词学习第2页neat adj.整齐,整齐,井井有条Eg.保持桌面整齐 Keep your desk neat.多么整齐房间啊!what a neat room!what a mess!拓:neat=tidy tidy eg整理房间 tidy the room对比:cl
2、ean adj.洁净第3页path n.1.(行人走出来)小径,窄路Eg.We followed the path around the office building.我们沿着办公大楼周围小路走。path p:n.小路小路,小径小径第4页laneroadRoad:供交通车辆行驶路lane:指乡间篱笆围墙间小道或城市中小街胡同;第5页streetavenueStreet:街道avenue:大道,林荫大道第6页wooden adj.1)木木(制制)木凳木凳 a wooden bench 木桥木桥 a wooden bridge wood 木头木头go for a walk in the wood
3、swoods 树林树林第7页pool n.水池(人工)Eg.游泳池 swimming pool He lay in a pool of blood.他躺在血泊中。拓:pond 池塘(天然)第8页competition n.比赛,竞赛固短:赢得比赛 win a competition have/hold a competition 举行比赛 withdraw from a competition 退出比赛拓:compete kmpi:t vi.竞争;比赛;反抗固短:compete with (与竞赛)compete for (为竞赛)compete against (与对决)compete ov
4、er (打败.)第9页Questions1.Who has the best garden in the town?2.What does he win each year?3.What does the author always win a prize for?第10页Questions1.Who has the best garden in the town?Joe Sander.2.What does he win each year?The Nicest Garden Competition.3.What does the author always win a prize for?
5、A little prize for the worst garden in the town.第11页Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town enters for The Nicest Garden Competition each year,but Joe wins every time.Bill Friths garden is larger than Joes.Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables,but Joes garden
6、 is more interesting.He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.I like gardens too,but I do not like hard work.Every year I enter for the garden competition too,and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!第12页在镇里比尔花园是最大。在镇里比尔花园是最大。Bills garden is the larges
7、t in the town.=Bills garden is larger than any other garden in the town.第13页第14页第15页第16页第17页第18页第19页第20页第21页第22页第23页NearlyNearly everybody everybody enters enters for for The Nicest Garden The Nicest Garden Competition Competition eacheach year,but year,but Joe wins Joe wins every every time.time.第2
8、4页nearly=almost“几乎几乎”、“差不多差不多”、“差点儿差点儿”Eg.Ihavenearlyforgottenhisname.我差点把他名字忘了。我差点把他名字忘了。Imnearly/almostready.我快准备好了。我快准备好了。第25页Each和和every均可译为均可译为“每一个每一个”。二者经常。二者经常 能够相互代替使用能够相互代替使用:Every/EachtimeIwashthecaritrains.不过不过each更强调个体,它惯用以指一个确定更强调个体,它惯用以指一个确定并通常是有限数目并通常是有限数目Eachchildintheschoolwasquesti
9、oned.Every却不那么强调个体,惯用来指一个大、却不那么强调个体,惯用来指一个大、不确定数目;不确定数目;EverychildenjoysChristmas.另外,另外,each既能够作形容词又可作代词,但既能够作形容词又可作代词,但every只能作形容词只能作形容词Theyeachhaveashare.Eachofushashisownworktodo.第26页enter for 报名参加(各种竞赛,考试等活动)报名参加(各种竞赛,考试等活动)多少学生报名参加比赛?多少学生报名参加比赛?How many students entered for the competition?join
10、 参加组织或加入参加组织或加入某人某人 e.g.join the army,join the singing group,join us join in=take part in参加活动参加活动 e.g.They all took an active part in the fighting.Im glad to join in the discussion.第27页 enter v.进入进入 enter the room拓:拓:entrance n.入口入口第28页Put in the word“for”where necessary.1.He is very ill.No one is a
11、llowed to enter_ his room.2.Will you enter_ this weeks crossword competition?第29页3.Many athletes have entered_ the Olympic Games this year.4.No one saw the thief when he entered_ the building.5.I have entered _ the examination but I dont want to take it.第30页win(won,won)v.赢赢vi.赢赢win-lose winner-loser
12、vt.赢得赢得winsomething后面往往是奖品后面往往是奖品,不能接对手不能接对手赢得了一个奖赢得了一个奖winaprize(for)我赢得了一本书我赢得了一本书Iwonthebook.第31页winwin “赢赢”、“获胜获胜”、“得到成功得到成功”,它宾语往往是奖品、奖学金、声誉、财产、它宾语往往是奖品、奖学金、声誉、财产、战争或运动等等。战争或运动等等。beat “打打”、“击败击败”、“战胜战胜”。后面跟是比赛、竞争中对手或战争中敌人。后面跟是比赛、竞争中对手或战争中敌人。beat sb.第32页Bill Friths garden is Bill Friths garden i
13、s larger than Joes.larger than Joes.第33页名词加名词加s 表示所属关系,组成名词全部格,表示所属关系,组成名词全部格,这类名词往往指有生命东西,尤其是人。全这类名词往往指有生命东西,尤其是人。全部格语法作用相当于形容词,限定后面名词。部格语法作用相当于形容词,限定后面名词。这个被限定名词在上下文中第二次被提到时这个被限定名词在上下文中第二次被提到时能够省略,只要不引发误解。能够省略,只要不引发误解。My pen is lost.This one is my brothers.第34页He has He has mademade neat neat path
14、s and has paths and has built built a wooden bridge a wooden bridge over a pool.over a pool.第35页make和和build“修建,建造修建,建造”make词义比较笼统、广泛,词义比较笼统、广泛,“做、作出、制造做、作出、制造”等等这件裙子是你自己做吗?这件裙子是你自己做吗?Haveyoumadetheskirtbyyourself?build主要限于建筑业,主要限于建筑业,建造,建设,盖房子,修筑(桥梁)建造,建设,盖房子,修筑(桥梁)他们沿着河修了条路。他们沿着河修了条路。Theyhavemadear
15、oadalongtheriver.第36页变形1.单音节形容词/少数以-er/ow结尾形容词和副词,加er或者est变成比较级或者最高级Great-greater-greatestClever-cleverer-cleverestNarrow-narrower-narrowest第37页变形2.以-e结尾单音节形容词和副词,加-r/-st,比如Large-larger-largestSimple-simpler-simplest第38页变形3 以一个辅音字母结尾单音节形容词,假如其前元音字母发短元音,要双写该辅音字母,然后加-er/est,比如:Hot-hotter-hottest第39页变形
16、4.以辅音加y结尾形容词,和少数不是由“形容词+ly”组成副词要将y改为i,然后加上er/estEasy-easier-easiestEarly-earlier-earliestHappy-happier-happiest第40页变形5.双音节和多音节形容词和副词通常是在原级前加上More,或者Most组成比较级和最高级:beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful;carefully-more carefully-most carefully第41页变形不过,以形容词词缀Un开头三音节形容词不适合用于上述情况,而是直接按照er/est方式,比如unhappy
17、-unhappier-unhappiest第42页变形6.少数单音节形容词也经过more,most组成比较级和最高级,如Tired-more tired most tired;pleased more pleased most pleased第43页变形8.特殊形式:good/well(better best)bad/ill(worse worst)many/much(more most)little(less least)far(farther further,farthest furthest)old(older elder,oldest eldest)第44页比较级常见结构1.比较级+t
18、han这支笔比那支笔好。The pen is better than that one.第45页比较级常见结构2.less/more+adj.+than这个房间没有那间漂亮。The room is less beautiful than that one.第46页比较级常见结构3.在比较级前,我们能够加上表示程度状语,比如even,a lot,a bit,a little,still,much,far等他工作甚至比以前还努力。He works even harder than before.第47页vThis book is far more interesting than that one
19、.v 这本书比那一本有趣多了。这本书比那一本有趣多了。vYouve been working much harder than I have.v 你一直比我工作得努力多了。你一直比我工作得努力多了。vShe came even earlier than I asked(him to).v她来得甚至比我叫她来时间还要早。她来得甚至比我叫她来时间还要早。第48页比较级常见结构4.The+比较级,the+比较级 “越越”The harder he works,the happier he feels.第49页比较级常见结构5.比较级+and+比较级 more and more+原级 “越来越”天气变
20、得越来越冷了。The weather is getting colder and colder.她越来越漂亮了。She is more and more beautiful 第50页比较级常见结构6.the+比较级(of the two)Mary is the taller of the twins.第51页比较级和最高级使用方法比较级和最高级使用方法1.在使用比较级时,比较级后用在使用比较级时,比较级后用than:My room is cleaner than the one next door.2.最高级限定范围普通用最高级限定范围普通用of,in等介词短语;限定等介词短语;限定范围也能够
21、是从句;假如范围很清楚,则能够省范围也能够是从句;假如范围很清楚,则能够省略。略。John is the tallest of the three brother.Mary is the most intelligent person Ive ever met.第52页最高级常见结构1.最高级副词+among/in(地)/of(同类)the+最高级+among/in(地)/of(同类)我是这里全部些人中最高。(中国最高)I am the tallest among/of all the people here.(in China)他是全部学生中跑最快。He runs fastest of al
22、l the students.(这里没有the)This is the coldest day in ten years.第53页最高级常见结构2.The least/most+形容词原型;least/most+副词原型The book is interesting.The 2nd book is less interesting than the 1st one.The 3rd book is the least interesting one of all.第54页最高级常见结构3.不用the,而改用a/an 表示极其非常He is a most important person.第55页
23、最高级常见结构4.The+序数词加最高级The 2nd longest river in China is the Yellow River.第56页比较级和最高级神转换否定意义词否定意义词+比较级比较级 表最高级表最高级I have never heard a better song.=This is the best song that I have ever heard.第57页Mr.Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been .(全国II 卷)A.popular B.more p
24、opular C.most popular D.the most popular第58页every组成合成词组成合成词every和和one,body,thing能够组成复合不定代词能够组成复合不定代词Everyone和和everybody普通能够替换使用普通能够替换使用这一类词本身均被视为单数。这一类词本身均被视为单数。Eg.一切都很顺利。一切都很顺利。Everythingisgoingwell.后面代词既能够用单数,也能够用复数后面代词既能够用单数,也能够用复数Everyone/Everybodyknowswhathehastodo.每个人都知道自己必须做什么。每个人都知道自己必须做什么。=
25、Everyone/Everybodyknowswhattheyhavetodo.与与every一样能够组成这类合成词还有一样能够组成这类合成词还有some,any,no第59页课文讲解课文讲解JoeSandershasthemostbeautifulgardeninourtown._entersforTheNicestGardenCompetitioneachyear,butJoe_everytime.BillFrithsgardenislargerthanJoes.BillworksharderthanJoeand_moreflowersandvegetables,butJoesgarden
26、ismoreinteresting.Hehasmade_pathsandhasbuilta_bridge_apool.Ilikegardenstoo,butIdonotlikehardwork.EveryyearIenterforthegardencompetitiontoo,andIalwayswinalittleprize_theworstgardeninthetown!第60页1.d依据课文头一句和最终一句,只有依据课文头一句和最终一句,只有d.是正确是正确答案,其它答案,其它3个选择都与课文内容不符合。个选择都与课文内容不符合。2.b依据课文第依据课文第6-7行行Ilikegarden
27、stoo,butIdonotlikehardwork能够能够推测推测b.是正确答案,其它是正确答案,其它3个选择都与事实不符合。个选择都与事实不符合。3.ba.largergarden前面没有冠词前面没有冠词a,不合乎语法不合乎语法;c.largegarden前面也缺乏冠词前面也缺乏冠词a,d.largestgarden中最高级前面应该有定冠词中最高级前面应该有定冠词the,而且在二者相比时也不能使用最高级。而且在二者相比时也不能使用最高级。所以只有所以只有b.alargegarden最符合语法。最符合语法。第61页4.a 本句需本句需 要比较级形式。要比较级形式。B.morehard中中ha
28、rd是单音节词,其比较形式是在词尾加是单音节词,其比较形式是在词尾加-er;c.morehardly中中hardly(几乎不。几乎不。)词词意思不对意思不对;d.hardier中原形中原形hardy是表示是表示“强壮强壮”与与课文不符合课文不符合;只有只有a.harder最符合比较级形式。最符合比较级形式。5.ca.by,b.for,d.from都不能同比较级连用,只有都不能同比较级连用,只有c.than才能够和比较级连用。才能够和比较级连用。6.c应该选同前一句应该选同前一句Thewriterisfondofgarden意思相意思相近句子。近句子。A.Theylikehim意思同前一句相意思
29、同前一句相反反;b.theyliketohim有语法错误,也同前一句意思有语法错误,也同前一句意思不符合不符合;d.Helikes有语法错误,缺乏宾语有语法错误,缺乏宾语;只有只有c.Helikesthem意思最靠近,没有语法错误。意思最靠近,没有语法错误。第62页7.ba.in,c.for,d.by都不符合语法,都不符合语法,在意思上也讲不在意思上也讲不通。通。只有只有b.of才能使句子意思完整,也合乎语法。才能使句子意思完整,也合乎语法。8.ba.wins(获胜,获奖获胜,获奖)做及物动词时,它后面宾语普做及物动词时,它后面宾语普通不是人,而应是通不是人,而应是windthegame/ra
30、ce等等;c.gains(赢利,赢利,赚得赚得)后面宾语也不是人后面宾语也不是人;d.earns(挣得,取得挣得,取得)后面直接后面直接宾语也不应该是人宾语也不应该是人;只有只有b.beats有有“(在竞赛中在竞赛中)打败打败/战战胜胜/取胜取胜”意思,而且意思,而且beat后面宾语能够是人,所以选后面宾语能够是人,所以选b.9.a只有选只有选a.grow才能使这个句子同前面句子意思相才能使这个句子同前面句子意思相同。同。Grow能够做及物动词也能够做不及物动词。能够做及物动词也能够做不及物动词。Grow做及物动词时,意思是做及物动词时,意思是“种植,栽培种植,栽培”,如前,如前面句子面句子J
31、oegrowsmoreflowers.Grow做不及物动词,意做不及物动词,意思是思是“生长,产生生长,产生”这个句子若选这个句子若选grow,Moreflowersgrowinhisgarden(他花园里生长更他花园里生长更多花多花)同前面句子意思最靠近。同前面句子意思最靠近。而而b.growtall,c.growup,d.growbig意思都不够准确。意思都不够准确。第63页10.d只有选只有选d.interested这个句子在意思上才讲得通。这个句子在意思上才讲得通。Beinterestedin.是固定短语是固定短语(对对感兴趣感兴趣),主,主语普通是人。语普通是人。a.interest
32、ing(有趣有趣)做表语时候主语应该是物,做表语时候主语应该是物,如前一句如前一句Joesgardenisinteresting;b.interest(n.兴趣,利兴趣,利益益)不能做表语不能做表语;c.interestingly(有趣地有趣地)也不能做表语。也不能做表语。11.ba.ahardwork不符合语法,因为不符合语法,因为work作作“工作工作”讲时讲时是不可数名词,不能在它前面加不定冠词是不可数名词,不能在它前面加不定冠词a;c.hardjob也不符合语法,因为也不符合语法,因为job是可数名词,前面应是可数名词,前面应该加不定冠词该加不定冠词a;d.hardlyajob在意思上讲不通,不符合题目意思在意思上讲不通,不符合题目意思;只有只有b.ahardjob(一项艰辛工作一项艰辛工作)最合乎语法和题目意最合乎语法和题目意思。思。12.ba.very(非常非常)丰富不符合题目意思,它也不能放到句丰富不符合题目意思,它也不能放到句尾尾;c.and放在句尾没有任何意义放在句尾没有任何意义;b.also和和d.either都有也意思,但都有也意思,但either只能用于否定句句尾,只能用于否定句句尾,also能够用于能够用于必定句中,它能够放在谓语动词前也能够放在句尾,所以必定句中,它能够放在谓语动词前也能够放在句尾,所以选选b.第64页