新概念英语一册语法总复习省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

时态第1页普通现在时，现在进行时，普通过去时，现在完成时，普通现在时，现在进行时，普通过去时，现在完成时，普通未来时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去未来时普通未来时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去未来时 1.普通现在时普通现在时 表示普通性，经常性动作或普通性事实。表示普通性，经常性动作或普通性事实。含有含有be动词句子动词句子 He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.变疑问句将变疑问句将be动词移到句首动词移到句首Is he a teacher?Is the girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack students?第2页必定回答及否定回答必定回答及否定回答Yes,he is.No,he is not.Yes,she is.No,she is not.Yes,they are.No,they are not变否定句在变否定句在be动词后面加动词后面加notHe is not a teacher.The girl is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not students.不含有动词句子，即含有普通动词句子不含有动词句子，即含有普通动词句子 第三人称单数及单数名词第三人称单数及单数名词 He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.第3页变疑问句在句首加变疑问句在句首加does,动词变为原型动词变为原型 Does he like books?Does she like him?Does the dog like bones?变否定句在主语及动词之间加变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesnt,动词变为原型动词变为原型He doesnt like books.She doesnt like him.The dog doesnt like bones.必定回答及否定回答：必定回答及否定回答：Yes,he does.No,he doesnt.Yes,she does.No,she doesntYes,it does.No,it doesnt.第4页注意：第三人称单数形式普通在动词后面加注意：第三人称单数形式普通在动词后面加S，不要，不要和名词复数混同，变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有和名词复数混同，变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何改变。任何改变。其它人称及复数名词其它人称及复数名词 I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The students like smart teachers.变疑问句在句首加变疑问句在句首加doDo you want to have a bath?必定回答及否定回答必定回答及否定回答Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?变否定句在主语和动词之间加变否定句在主语和动词之间加dont.You dont want to have a bath.We dont have any meat.The students dont like smart teachers.第5页动词第三人称单数形式 规则1 e.g.likelikes,look-looks 规则2 e.g.dodoes,catch-catches,fix-fixes,guess-guesses,brush-brushes规则3e.g.carrycarries,fly-flies,play-plays第6页2.现在进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行动作。表示现在正在进行动作。组成：组成：主语主语be动词动词现在分词其它成份动词动词现在分词其它成份We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.第7页动词现在分词动词现在分词 规则一 e.g.looklooking,readreading,playplaying 规则二 e.g.makemaking,taketaking,arrivearriving 规则三 e.g.runrunning,sitsitting,getgetting,swimswimming,stop-stopping 第8页变疑问句将变疑问句将be动词移到句首动词移到句首Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming across the river?变否定句在变否定句在be动词后面加动词后面加 notWe are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.第9页特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：what,which,how,where,who,etc.疑问词动词主语现在分词疑问词动词主语现在分词What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?(必背必背)没有进行时动词没有进行时动词 表示状态，思想，感情和感觉动词不能表示正在进表示状态，思想，感情和感觉动词不能表示正在进行动作行动作1.表示感觉，感官词表示感觉，感官词see,hear,like,love,want,2.have,has当当”拥有拥有”讲时没有进行时讲时没有进行时第10页3.普通过去时普通过去时表示过去发生动作或事件，表示过去发生动作或事件，常和表示过去时间状语连常和表示过去时间状语连用，如用，如yesterday,last night,the day before yesterday,3 days ago,含有含有be动词句子，动词句子，将动词变为过去式，将动词变为过去式，am,is过去式过去式为为was，are过去式为过去式为were I was at the butchers.You were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.变疑问句将变疑问句将be动词移动到句首动词移动到句首 Were you at the butchers?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?第11页变否定句在变否定句在be动词后面加动词后面加not I was not at the butchers.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.必定回答否定回答必定回答否定回答 Yes,I was.No,I was not.Yes,you were.No,you were not.Yes,he/she was.No,he/she was not.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：What did you do?(必背必背)不含有不含有be动词句子，将动词变为过去式，动词句子，将动词变为过去式，I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Streeta year ago.King Streeta year ago.第12页动词过去式动词过去式 规则动词改变 规则一 e.g.looklooked,watchwatched,play-played 规则二 e.g.makemaked,arrive-arrived 规则三 crycried,carry-carried 规则四 stopstopped,过去式读音 在清辅音后面（除外）读/t/在浊辅音和元音后读/d/在/t/，/d/后读/id/e.g.walked,jumped e.g.washed,watched e.g.waited,hated 第13页变疑问句在句首加变疑问句在句首加did，动词变为原型动词变为原型Did you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Streeta year ago?King Streeta year ago?变否定句在主语和动词之间加变否定句在主语和动词之间加did notI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Streeta year ago.King Streeta year ago.必定回答及否定回答必定回答及否定回答Yes,I did.No,I didnt.Yes,he did.No,he didnt.Yes,they did.No,they did not.第14页4.现在完成时现在完成时 组成：主语组成：主语+助动词助动词have,has+过去分词过去分词使用方法：使用方法：1)表示过去发生和现在有某种联络动作，常和表示过去发生和现在有某种联络动作，常和just,usually,already,since等时间副词连用等时间副词连用 I have just had lunch.(饱了，不用再吃了饱了，不用再吃了)He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝）（不渴了，不用再喝）They have already had their holiday.（不能再度假（不能再度假了）了）The boy has already read the book.（已经知道书内（已经知道书内容了，不用再看了）容了，不用再看了）2)表示开始于过去并连续到现在动作表示开始于过去并连续到现在动作 I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.第15页句型改变：句型改变：变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加not.e.g.Have you lost your pen?I have not lost my pen.必定回答及否定回答必定回答及否定回答Yes,I have.No,I have not.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：What have you done?What has he done?普通过去时与现在完成时区分：普通过去时与现在完成时区分：凡是有明确表示过去时间状语句子为过去时凡是有明确表示过去时间状语句子为过去时 注意：有些动词表示动作有一个终点，不能再延续，所以注意：有些动词表示动作有一个终点，不能再延续，所以不能和表示一段时间状语连用不能和表示一段时间状语连用错：错：Ive left Beijing for 3 days.对：对：I left Beijing 3 days ago.I have been away from being for 3 days.第16页5.普通未来时普通未来时 表示未来将要发生动作，表示未来将要发生动作，经常和经常和tomorrow,next year,the day after tomorrow,the year after the next,in five hours time,etc.表示未来词联用表示未来词联用结构：结构：主语主语+助动词助动词will+动词原形动词原形I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.变疑问句将助动词移到句首变疑问句将助动词移到句首Will you go to America tomorrow?Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?第17页变否定句在助动词后面加变否定句在助动词后面加notI will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning 必定回答及否定回答必定回答及否定回答Yes,I will.No,I will not.Yes,he/she will.No,he/she will not.Yes,he will.No,he will not.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：What will you do?第18页6.过去完成时：过去完成时：使用方法：在过去时间里，两个动作中，发生在前使用方法：在过去时间里，两个动作中，发生在前哪个动作要用过去完成时。哪个动作要用过去完成时。结构：结构：had+过去分词过去分词After she had finished her homework,she went shopping.They had sold the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I arrived at the station.After/before引导时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后引导时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，假如放在主句后则不用加。面加逗号，假如放在主句后则不用加。变疑问句将助动词移到句首变疑问句将助动词移到句首Had she finished her homework?变否定句在助动词后面加变否定句在助动词后面加notShe hadnt finished her homework.第19页 必定回答及否定回答必定回答及否定回答Yes,she had.No,she hadnt.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：What had she done?7.过去进行时过去进行时 表示过去正在进行动作表示过去正在进行动作,经惯用在经惯用在when,while,as引导引导状语从句中。状语从句中。结构：结构：was/were+doingWhen my husband was going into the dining room this morning,he dropped some coins on the floor.While we were having dinner,my father was watching TV.8 过去未来时过去未来时 结构：结构：would doShe said she would go here the next morning.第20页句型第21页1.Be going to 结构结构 表示打算，准备，计划做某事表示打算，准备，计划做某事结构：主语结构：主语+be动词动词+going to+动词原型动词原型I am going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.变疑问句将变疑问句将be动词移到句首动词移到句首Are you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?第22页变否定句在变否定句在be动词后面加动词后面加not I am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.必定回答及否定回答必定回答及否定回答Yes,I am.No,I am not.Yes,they are.No,they are not.Yes,he is.No,he is not.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句What are you going to do?What are they going to do?What is the father going to do?第23页2.There be 句型句型 表示哪里有什么东西表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物某处有某物)There is单数名词表示场所词（普通为单数名词表示场所词（普通为介词词组）介词词组）There is a book in this room.There is a pen on the tableThere are复数名词表示场所词（普通复数名词表示场所词（普通为介词词组）为介词词组）There are two pens on the table.There are three schools there.变疑问句将变疑问句将be动词移到句首动词移到句首Is there a book in this room?Are there two pens on the table?第24页变否定句在动词后面加变否定句在动词后面加notThere is not a book in this room.There are not two pens on the table.必定回答及否定回答必定回答及否定回答Yes,there is.No,there is not.Yes,there are.No,there are not.第25页3 问句：问句：普通疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，普通疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否定疑问句选择疑问句，否定疑问句 普通疑问句普通疑问句:助动词助动词/be动词动词+主语主语Are you a teacher?Do you want to have a cup of tea?特殊疑问句特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+普通疑问句普通疑问句What is your name?选择疑问句选择疑问句:orDo you want beef or lamb?反意疑问句反意疑问句:必定陈说句必定陈说句+否定疑问部分，否定疑问部分，否定陈说部否定陈说部分分+必定疑问部分必定疑问部分You dont need that pen,do you?否定疑问句否定疑问句:普通疑问句普通疑问句+否定词否定词Arent you lucky?Dont you want have a rest?第26页4、感叹句、感叹句1.What+a/an+adj+n What+adj+n What+n (What a mess!/What a pity!)2.How+adj+主主+谓谓 如：The dog is cute.What a cute dog!How cute the dog is!第27页5.祈使句：祈使句：祈使句（第二人称）祈使句（第二人称）祈使句表示请求，命令，提议，邀请等，谓语动词一律用原祈使句表示请求，命令，提议，邀请等，谓语动词一律用原型，句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹好或者句号，用降调型，句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹好或者句号，用降调必定句必定句 动词原型动词原型例，例，Come here,please.Go downstairs,please.Stand up.Sit down.Be quiet.Be careful.祈使句中假如有唤语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或者句祈使句中假如有唤语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或者句尾尾Come in,Amy.Sit down here,Tom.Mary,give me a book please.第28页否定：否定：Dont+动词原型动词原型Dont come here.Dont sit down.Dont stand up.Dont give me it.let sb.do Let me pass.Let us have a rest.Lets have a rest.(反意疑问反意疑问)：Lets have a walk along the river,shall we?Let us go out for a drink,will you?第29页6 倒装句：倒装句：so/neither倒装倒装eg.He can swim.So can I.I didnt go to class.Neither did I.结构：结构：so/neither+be+主语主语so/neither+助动词助动词+主语主语so/neither+情态动词情态动词+主语主语普通现在时普通现在时,do,does/am,is,are现在进行时现在进行时,am,is,are普通过去时普通过去时,did现在完成时现在完成时,have,has普通未来时普通未来时,will,shall,过去进行时，过去进行时，was,were过去完成时，过去完成时，had过去未来时过去未来时,would 第30页词类第31页代词及代词及be动词动词 第一人称第一人称 第二人称第二人称 第三人称第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 主格 I we you you she/he/it 宾格 me us you you her/him/it 形容词性物主代词my our your your her/his/its 名词性物主代词 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its be动词现在时 Am are are are is be动词过去时 was were were were was 第32页规则一规则一 普通加-er e.g.highhigher 规则二 以e结尾加-r nicenicer 规则三 以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-er busybusier,规则四 重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母再加-er fatfatter,形容词和副词比较级 和 最高级 规则一规则一 普通加-est e.g.highhighest 规则二 以结尾加-st nicenicest 规则三 以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-est busybusiest 规则四 重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母再加-est fatfattest 第33页一一.限定词：限定词：some,any,many,much some,any 修饰可数名词或不可数名词，修饰可数名词或不可数名词，some用于必定句，用于必定句，any用于否定句和疑问句，用于否定句和疑问句，注意，当期待对方答案为必定回答时用注意，当期待对方答案为必定回答时用some“许多许多”many修饰可数名词，修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词，在口语中表示修饰不可数名词，在口语中表示很多普通不用很多普通不用many,much,而用而用a lot of,在否定句中表示很在否定句中表示很多用多用many,much.I have a lot of money.I dont have much money.第34页二二 名词：种类，复数，名词全部格名词：种类，复数，名词全部格 1名词分为可数名词和不可数名词名词分为可数名词和不可数名词 不可数名词不可数名词 无法分开东西：无法分开东西：water,tea,bread,milk,rice（米）（米）抽象东西：抽象东西：love,beauty,coldness（严寒）（严寒）不可数名词有以下特点：不可数名词有以下特点：不能用不能用a,an修饰修饰不能加不能加s和单数和单数be动词或动词搭配动词或动词搭配可数名词：可数名词：单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要在名词后单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要在名词后面加面加s,名词复数共有以下几个改变：名词复数共有以下几个改变：第35页规则规则1普通情况+se.g.shellshells bookbooks规则2以s,x,ch,sh结尾+ese.g.foxfoxes churchchurches,busbuses,watchwatches规则3以o结尾+s或+ese.g.potatopotatoes,NegroNegroes,heroheroes,tomatotomatoes，（口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿），剩下普通加s,radioradios规则4以f,fe结尾，变f,fe为vese.g.lifelives halfhalves,shelfshelves,citycities,wifewives规则5以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i+ese.g.skyskies flyflies第36页不规则改变名词复数形式单数manwomanfootgoose复数menwomenfeetgeese 单数childsheep deer mouse复数children sheepdeermice第37页三副词：使用方法及形容词变副词改变三副词：使用方法及形容词变副词改变副词能够修饰形容词，动词，副词或整个句子。副词能够修饰形容词，动词，副词或整个句子。如：如：The book is very good.He runs fast.She came here quite early.Certainly I will go with you.改变：改变：1 直接在形容词后加直接在形容词后加-ly,careful-carefully,slow-slowly,2 以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾形容词，把结尾形容词，把y变变I,加加-ly,happy-happily,lucky-luckily3 有些词形容词和副词形式相同，不需要做任何改变有些词形容词和副词形式相同，不需要做任何改变fast,hard,late4 有些词加上有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远：后意思与原词相差很远：neary-nearly,high-highly,late-lately,第38页四四 情态动词使用：情态动词使用：can,must,may,might,need,1情态动词情态动词can（能够）（能够）,must（必须）（必须）,may（能够）（能够）结构：主语结构：主语+can/must/may+动词原型动词原型He can make the tea.Sally can air the room.We can speak English.变疑问句将情态动词移到句首变疑问句将情态动词移到句首Can he make the tea?Can Sally air the room?Can we speak English?第39页变否定句在情态动词后面加变否定句在情态动词后面加notHe cannot make the tea.Sally cannot air the room.We cannot speak English.必定回答及否定回答必定回答及否定回答Yes,he can.No,he cannot.Yes,she can.No,she cannot.Yes,we can.No,we cannot.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：What can you do?(必背必背)注意：情态动词句子没有第三人称单数改变，不要注意：情态动词句子没有第三人称单数改变，不要在情态动词或动词后面加在情态动词或动词后面加S。第40页2Must/have to区分区分 must 表示必须，是主观上以为应该做，表示必须，是主观上以为应该做，have to是不得是不得不，是因为客观条件强迫必要要做不，是因为客观条件强迫必要要做must 只能用在表示现在和未来句子里，而只能用在表示现在和未来句子里，而have to do能够用在任何时态能够用在任何时态3must,may,might表示猜测：表示猜测：must do 表示对现在事实猜测表示对现在事实猜测must have done表示对过去事实猜测表示对过去事实猜测must have been doing 表示对过去正在进行事实猜测表示对过去正在进行事实猜测may/might do,may/might have done表示没有任何表示没有任何事实依据猜测，事实依据猜测，might可能性更小。可能性更小。cant/couldnt 表示不可能表示不可能第41页4need 使用方法：使用方法：表示表示“需要需要”时为实意动词，后面能够加名词，也能够加不定时为实意动词，后面能够加名词，也能够加不定式式：I need a pen.Do you need any beer?No,I dont.I need to have a rest.Need在否定时做情态动词使用在否定时做情态动词使用You neednt go so early.=You dont need to go so early.Must I clean the desk right now?No,you neednt.第42页从句第43页一一.直接引语直接引语/间接引语间接引语 假如引语主句所用动词为过去时，那么间接引语要做对应改变：假如引语主句所用动词为过去时，那么间接引语要做对应改变：时态，人称，时间地点及指示词时态，人称，时间地点及指示词时态改变：时态改变：普通现在时普通现在时普通过去时普通过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时普通过去时普通过去时过去完成时过去完成时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时普通未来时普通未来时过去未来时过去未来时be going towas/were going to/wouldcan-couldmay-might时间地点及指示词改变：时间地点及指示词改变：herethere,tomorrowthe next day,the following day,thisthat人称改变：人称改变：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新第44页二、宾语从句二、宾语从句在句中作宾语，普通用that引导，但在口语中经常省略掉that。可用在say，think，believe，hope，know，understand，suppose等动词之后；也可用在一些描写感情形容词之后，如afraid，sure，sorry，glad等之后。第45页时态时态 1.1.1.1.假如主句是普通现在时假如主句是普通现在时假如主句是普通现在时假如主句是普通现在时 ，从句时态可根，从句时态可根，从句时态可根，从句时态可根 据实际情况而定据实际情况而定据实际情况而定据实际情况而定vI know he lives here .vI know he lived here ten years ago.vI have heard that he will come tomorrow.第46页2.2.假假假假如如如如主主主主句句句句普普普普通通通通过过过过去去去去时时时时，从从从从句句句句时时时时态态态态一一一一定定定定要要要要用用用用过过过过去去去去某某某某种种种种时时时时态态态态（包包包包含含含含普普普普通通通通过过过过去去去去时时时时，过过过过去去去去进进进进行行行行时时时时，过过过过去未来时，去未来时，去未来时，去未来时，过去完成时）过去完成时）过去完成时）过去完成时）vI knew who lived here.vI saw she was talking with her mother.vHe asked whether his father would come back tomorrow.vHe said that he had seen it.第47页3.3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用普通现在时。时用普通现在时。vThe teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.第48页连词（引导词）连词（引导词）1.陈说句陈说句 that第49页2.2.当当当当宾宾宾宾语语语语从从从从句句句句是是是是普普普普通通通通疑疑疑疑问问问问句句句句时时时时，由由由由连连连连词词词词whetherwhether或或或或if if引引引引导导导导（口口口口语语语语中中中中惯惯惯惯用用用用if if），因因因因为为为为if/whetherif/whether翻翻翻翻译译译译成成成成：“是是是是否否否否”，含有一定意义，所以，含有一定意义，所以，含有一定意义，所以，含有一定意义，所以不能省略不能省略不能省略不能省略Lily wanted to know if/whether her grandma liked the handbag.Lets see if/whether he can eat all these burgers.第50页假如从句中含有假如从句中含有or或或or not时，只能时，只能 用用whether而不用而不用ifvCould you tell me whether thats a fast train or not?vDo you know whether he is right or not?vI dont care whether hell stay here or not.第51页3.3.当当当当宾宾宾宾语语语语从从从从句句句句是是是是特特特特殊殊殊殊疑疑疑疑问问问问句句句句时时时时，由由由由连连连连接接接接代代代代词词词词（what,what,who,who,whom,whom,which,which,whosewhose）或或或或连连连连接接接接副副副副词词词词（when,where,how,whywhen,where,how,why）引导，因为连接代词）引导，因为连接代词）引导，因为连接代词）引导，因为连接代词 或连接副词在从句中担任一定句子成份，具或连接副词在从句中担任一定句子成份，具或连接副词在从句中担任一定句子成份，具或连接副词在从句中担任一定句子成份，具 有一定意义，所以有一定意义，所以有一定意义，所以有一定意义，所以不能够省略不能够省略不能够省略不能够省略vDo you know Do you know whatwhat he said just now?he said just now?v I dont remember I dont remember when when we arrived.we arrived.v I asked him I asked him wherewhere I could get so much money.I could get so much money.v Please tell me Please tell me who(whom)who(whom)we have to see.we have to see.第52页三、定语从句三、定语从句修饰前面某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句。修饰前面某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句。结构：结构：先行词先行词+关系词关系词 +句子句子关系代词关系代词who,that,whom引导定语从句引导定语从句:假如假如先行词先行词是表示是表示人人名词或代词，名词或代词，关系代词应用关系代词应用who,that (作作主语主