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Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note
单元要点
一、词语辨析
1. scene / sight / view / scenery
scene 指某一处的自然风光
scenery（总称）自然景物，天然风光，是由多个scenes构成的自然风景。
sight 景象，风景，名胜，侧重值得看的事物或很难看的东西和很可笑的事物；视力/眼界
view 景色，风景，侧重从人所处的角度（从远处或高处）以眼所看到的景色。
1). Guilin is famous for its beautiful __ scenery.
2). The _ scene __ is a perfect dream when you see the sun rising slowly in the east.
3). You can get a wonderful view at the top of the tower.
4). The flowers are a lovely _ sight __ in spring.
5). He began to lose his _ sight _six years ago.
2. permit / allow / let
let允许，让，不用被动语态。后接不带to的不定式作宾补。
permit和allow意思相近，都表示“允许，准许”。permit稍正式一些，多指上级对下级或长辈对晚辈的准许,语气较强；allow多指听任或不管教某人做某事。
allow/permit sb. to do sth. be allowed/permitted to do sth. allow/permit doing sth.
1). Students are not _ allowed/permitted ________ to enter the Net Bar.
2). My mother wouldn’ t let me __ go _ (go) to the film.
3). We don’ t allow _ smoking _ (smoke) in our office.
3. scream / shout
scream指因痛苦、恐惧、激动或生气而喊叫、尖叫，声音大而尖利，常与to连用
shout指因愤怒或为引起注意而发出的声音，大喊，大叫，大声说话，常常与at连用
1). There was a huge bang and people started __ screaming _____.
2). Two women were __ shouting at each other outside the supermarket.
二、词性变化
1). The principal’ s ________ (present) at the party didn’ t seem to be very welcome.
2). Finally he lost his ________ (patient) and started to yell at his mother.
3). It would be _______ (believe) that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends.
4). My husband loves ________ (adventure) life while I enjoy a more peaceful life.
5). He was punished for his _______ (rude) to his teacher.
6). They entered the area without. ________ (permit).
7) You cannot enter a military base without a _______ (permit).
8). The prisoners _________ (permit) two hours’ exercise a day.
9). This grand park is a rare _________ (survive) from the eighteenth century.
1). presence 2). patience 3). unbelievable 4). adventurous 5). rudeness
6). permission 7). permit 8). are/were permitted 9). survivor
三、重点词汇
1. bet n. 赌；打赌 v. 打赌；赌钱
1). He often bets a 1ot of money on horses. 他经常在赛马上豪赌。
2). I bet that it will rain tomorrow. 我敢肯定说明天一定会下雨。
2. fault n. 缺点；错误；故障 vt.挑剔 faulty adj.有缺点的； faultless adj.不可挑剔的
find fault (with sb/sth) 找（某人/事物的）错/茬儿； It’ s one’ s fault 是某人的过错
1). It was his fault (他的过错) that we were late.
2).她总是找我的茬儿。She’ s always finding fault with me.
3. spot vt. 发现；认出 n. 污点；斑点；地点 spotless adj. 没有斑点的，干净的
spot sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事 on the spot = on the scene到（在）现场；当场
1). The police __ spotted ____ him driving a stolen car.
2). The police were on the spot within a few minutes of my telephone call.
4. passage n. 通道；（书、讲话、音乐等的）一段，一节；经过，通过，消逝；旅费
1). They were denied passage through the occupied territory. 他们被禁止穿越占领区。
2). He worked his passage to Australia. 他在去澳大利亚旅行的船上做工偿付船费。
5. account n. 说明；理由；计算，账目 vi.&vt. 认为；说明；解释总；计有
account for导致；做出解释；总计有 on account of = because of 因为
open an account在银行开个户头 take sth. into account/consideration考虑到某事
Bad weather accounted for the long delay. 长期的延缓是因为坏天气。
1). He doesn’ t drink alcohol on account of his health.
2). She couldn’ t account for her foolish mistake.
6. seek vt.&vi. (sought, sought) 寻找；探索；寻求
seek (for/after) sth./sb. 寻找某人/某物 seek to do sth. 试图做某事
seek happiness/comfort/wealth/success 追求幸福﹑安逸﹑财富、成功
1). I think it’ s time we __ sought _ (seek) legal advice.
2). They are seeking _ to change _ (change) the rules.
7. amount n.数(量)；总额 vi.(to)合计；接近
a (large/small) amount of + n.[u] + v. (单数) (large/small) amounts of + n.[u] + v. (复数)
in (large/small) amounts [作状语]大（少）量地 amount to... 共达……，合计……
1). During the earthquake, a large amount of damage __ was done (do) in a very short time.
2). Large amounts of money were spent (spend) rebuilding the temple.
3). The total cost of repairs amounted to (共计) US$100.
8. bow [bau] vi.&vt. 鞠躬；弯腰 [bəu] n.[c] 弓，蝴蝶结；鞠躬
1). We all bowed to the Queen. 我们都向女王鞠躬致敬。
2). His back was bowed with age. 他因年老而驼背。
四、重点词组
1. bring up 培养；抚养；养育或教育某人；提出；呕吐某物
1). She brought up five children. 她养育了五个孩子。
2). Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.
2. go ahead 执行，进行，前进，（于祈使句）可以，往下说，用吧，开始吧
ahead of time / in advance 提前
1). After a pause, he went ahead/on with his speech.
2). The new bridge was completed ahead of time.
3). Go straight ahead (径直向前走) for 200 meters and then turn left.
4). —— Could I use your bike? —— Go ahead.
3. by accident = by chance 偶然；无意中
by + n. 短语：
by contrast 对比之下 by mistake 错误地 by hand 用手，用体力 by machine 用机器
1). I was in such a hurry that I took someone else’ s umbrella by accident/chance.
2). These toys are made by hand instead of _by machine ____, so they are very expensive.
4. to be honest = to tell (you) the truth = honestly speaking老实说；说实话
表示“……说”的短语：
generally speaking一般来说 exactly speaking确切地说to be frank = frankly speaking坦率地说
in general一般地来说 in other words换句话说 or rather更确切地说
to sum up概括地说 that is 也就是说
1). _ Generally speaking __, women live longer than men.
2). He got home late last night, _ or rather _ early this morning.
3). _ To be frank/honest _, I don’ t enjoy the performance.
5. on the contrary 与此相反；正相反[只作状语]
to the contrary（表明是）相反的；相反地[作定语和状语]
(be) contrary to 违反（某事物）；与……相反
1). The car isn’ t expensive. On the contrary _, it’s quite cheap.
2). I will continue to believe it until I get proof to the contrary.
3). The results were contrary to expectation.
6. take a chance = take chances冒险，碰运气
have a good chance/no chance/not much chance of (doing) sth/ to do sth/ that....大有希望/没有可能/没什麽希望做某事
by chance: by accident: accidentally: unintentionally 偶然地；意外地；非有意地
the chances are (that)...: it is likely that... 很可能…… a chance of lifetime千载难逢的机会
1). The guide book didn’ t mention there being any hotels, but we decided to take a chance.
2). You should never take chances when driving a car.
3). What are the chances of (介词) his coming?
4). 很可能她要来。The chances are that / It’ s likely that she’ ll be coming.
7. as for 至于，关于
As for you, you ought to be ashamed of yourself. 至於你, 你应该感到惭愧。
8. find +sb./sth. doing 发现……在做……(主动)
find sb./sth. done发现……被做……(被动)
find oneself in/at... 发觉自己在某处／处于……
1). He found a wallet _ lying _______ (lie) on the ground.
2). When day broke, we found ourselves in (发现我们到了一个村子里) a small village at the foot of the mountain.
3). The film star found himself surrounded by (发觉自己被围住) a group of fans immediately he got off the car.
9. “when”并列连词， “就在这时”，表示未预料到或突然发生的情况，常用于以下句型：
1). be about to do …when… 正要做某事就……
2). be on the point of doing…when… 正要做某事就……
3). be doing…when… 正在做某事就在这时……
4). had just done sth. when... 刚做完某事就……
5). had hardly done…when… 几乎还没有做完某事就……
1) 他正要出去时天下起雨来了。He was about to go out when it bagan to rain.
2) 我刚做完试卷下课铃就响了。I’ d just finished my test paper when the bell rang.
3) 那个小孩正骑着车，就在这时，摔了下来。The boy was riding when he fell off his bike.
10.（1）疑问词+ ever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who, anything that, any time when等
You can choose whatever you like in the shop. = You can choose anything that you like in the shop.
（2）疑问词+ ever还可引导让步状语从句, 相当于no matter + 疑问词。如：
Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished. = No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
1). Whenever / No matter when (无论何时) you have problems, you may turn to me for help.
2). 我将相信你所说的一切。I’ ll believe whatever you say.
11. accuse…of…
五、语法填空
In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are necessary. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear 1 spoken. Secondly, we must be able to speak it ourselves correctly with confidence and without hesitation. 2 , we must be able to read the language, and fourthly, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are grammatically correct.
There is no easy way to success 3 language learning. 4 good memory is a great help, but it is not enough only 5 (memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use learning by heart long lists of words and 6 meanings, studying the dictionary and so on. We must learn by using the language. 7 we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. “Learn through use” is a good piece of 8 (advise) for those 9 are studying a new language. Practice is important. We must practise speaking and 10 (write) the language whenever we can.
1. it 指foreign language。2. Thirdly 3. in 4. a 5. to memorize
6. their 指words 7. If 8. advice 9. who 10. writing
六、阅读理解
A
I want to talk about a soldier. I saw him yesterday as my husband and I were enjoying a wonderful lunch in the cave-like dining room of an old hotel.
It is hard to imagine being comfortable in a room that probably seats a thousand, but the real magic of the place is its wonderful setting. Every comer is a wood and stone masterpiece, with high glass windows that look out to the huge cliffs (悬崖) of the valley.
A man entered with his family and took a seat. He wasn't in uniform, but he walked with the dignity of a soldier, and a slight limp (瘸). My suspicion was confirmed when he removed his hat and placed it on the table where I could see it. Embroidered (绣) on the cap were the words: "Iwo Jima Survivor".
As they were waiting for lunch, the others talking happily, this gentleman was stating out of the window. He was content to be left out of the conversation and allowed to take in the wonderful and impressive view of the waterfall.
I watched him, and imagined how much horror he had seen in the war. What losses did he suffer, and how many friends did he lose? What he had witnessed should have given him a good reason to lose faith in the world. Yet this tired soldier was smiling at the sky, at the sun and the roaring of the waterfall. Somehow, after everything, the world was still beautiful to him.
I walked over to him and said, "Excuse me, sir. I'm sorry to interrupt, but I saw your hat, and I just wanted to say thank you for serving."
He looked up at me, surprised, and said proudly, "You're welcome, and thank you, too."
I told him I would go home and tell my children about this experience that I'd met him.
1. The place where the author enjoyed lunch was __C
A. only open to people of the upper classes
B. once visited by many famous people
C. attractive because of its beautiful surroundings
D. modeled on scenes from American history
2. What confirmed the author’s suspicion that the man was a soldier? A
A. The words on his cap. B. The way he sat.
C. His disability. D. The way he walked.
3. What do we learn from the passage? D
A. The author at first thought the gentleman was famous.
B. The gentleman stood out because of his uniform.
C. The gentleman’s family didn’t like to talk with him.
D. The gentleman wasn’t expecting the author to thank him.
4. What encouraged the author to talk to the soldier? C
A. His disability. B. His loneliness.
C. His contribution to his country. D. His bravery to fight in the war.
5. What is the author’s attitude towards the soldier? A
A. Admiring. B. Satisfied. C. Sympathetic. D. Doubtful.
B
No country in the world has more daily newspapers than the USA. There are almost 2000 of them，as compared with 180 in Japan，164 in Argentina and 111 in Britain. The quality（质量） of some American papers is quite high and their views are used all over the world. Excellent newspapers like the Washington Post or the New York Times have a powerful influence（影响） all over the country. However，the Post and the New York Times are not national newspapers in the sense that The Times is in Britain of Le Monde is in France，since each American city has its own daily newspaper. The best of these give detailed（详细的）accounts of national and international news，but many tend to limit themselves to state or city news.
Like the press（报刊） in most other countries，American newspapers report news from the “exciting” and “relaxing” to the serious. They try to entertain people as well as give information，for they have to compete with the attraction of television.
Just as American newspapers try to satisfy all tastes，they also try to attract readers of all political parties. A few news papers support extremist（极端主义者） groups on the far right and on the far left，but most daily newspapers try their best to attract middle-of-the-road Americans who are mainly moderate（温和的）.Many of these papers print materials by wellknown journalists of different political and social views，in order to give a balanced picture.
As in other countries American newspapers can be either responsible（负责任的） or irresponsible，but it is generally accepted that the American press serves its country well and that it has more than once exposed political scandals（丑闻），for example，the Watergate Affair（水门事件）.
1.Which newspaper in the U. K. is national？D
A. Le Monde. B. Washington Post.
C. New York Times. D. The Times.
2.Most American newspapers attract readers by carrying .B
A. national news B. local news
C. international news D. political news
3.In order to win the competition with television，American newspapers have to .C
A. give information B. give serious news
C. give entertainment news D. give national news
4.Most daily newspapers attract moderate Americans by .A
A. printing articles by well-known journalists of different views
B. supporting extremist groups
C. exposing political scandals D. serving the country well
C
Shanghai has raised its charges for drainage（排水） fees this month in a move to encourage local residents to save water and recycle precious water. The effort is designed to reduce pressure from the city's seriously shrinking water resources.
The city is capable of supplying a maximum of 10.64 million cubic metres of tap water daily，when daily consumption could be as much as 9.24 million cubic metres.
Ironically（具讽刺意味地），the city faces the East China Sea，and is surrounded by some 22 000 big and small rivers，and rain seems as common as sunshine.
Many locals have gotten used to keeping the tap running while brushing their teeth or washing the dishes，never considering the seemingly inexhaustible water supplies or pausing to think over the small increases in their water bills.They doubt whether Shanghai is short of water since the annual per capita amount of water available in the area is far more than the national average of 2220 cubic metres.
The fact is that only 20 percent of the water from rivers is drinkable，which lowers the available amount to local residents to about 1000 cubic metres per capita—55 percent less than the nation's average and 10 percent of the global average.
Experts have estimated the city will face a daily fresh water shortage of 2.58 million cubic metres by 2
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