仁爱版八年级英语下册5-6单元知识点总结.doc

八年级仁爱英语下册总结Unit 5 Topic 11. be happy 高兴2. How are you doing?=How are you? 你好吗？3. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 to sp. 邀请某人去某地4. go to the movies=go to the cinema 去看电影5. one of +the+形容词/副词最高级+可数名词复数 .中最.之一（谓语动词用单数形式）one of+可数名词复数/复数人称代词宾格.中之一（谓语动词用单数形式）some of+ 可数名词复数/复数人称代词宾格 不可数名词（谓语动词根据of后的名词/代词决定）Eg: Some of the students are girls. Some of the food goes bad.6. prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物7. say thanks to 向.道谢say hello/sorry/goodbye to 向.说你好/抱歉/再见8. on ones way (to) 某人（去）.的路上9. a ticket to/for .票/入场卷 the key to the door; the answer to the question; the way to10. Guess what！猜猜11. What a pity!=What a shame! 真遗憾！/真可惜！12. plan to do sth. 计划做.13. seem+ adj. You seem happy. 看起来 n. He seems a nice man. 似乎 to do sth. They seem to know everything.好像 It seems that+宾语从句 It seems that they know everything.14. not at all 一点也不15. have/catch a . cold 得了.感冒16. be interested in sth. 对.感兴趣 doing sth. 对做.感兴趣17. Why not do sth. =Why dont you do sth.为什么不做.18. give sth. to sb=give sb. sth. 给某人某物19. tell sth. to sb=tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某事20. right now 立即，此刻21. feel sorry for sb. /sth. 对某人/某事感到抱歉22. pay attention to sth. 注意某事23. ring sb. up 给某人打电话24. care for=take care of=look after 照顾，照看care for sth. 愿意 doing sth.25. because of +名/代/相当于名词的短语 因为，由于because +状语从句 因为，由于because of= thanks to 多亏，由于26. lonely 孤独的，荒凉的（主观）形容词 侧重人心里，句中作表语，定语 alone 单独的，独自的（客观）形容词/副词 句中作表语，状语 He lives alone, but he never feels lonely.27. teach sb. sth. 教某人某事 to do sth. 教某人做某事28. cheer up 使振作起来，使高兴起来cheer sb. on 为某人喝彩，欢呼 Cheer! 干杯！29. at first 开始 at last/ in the end/ finally最后30. have/let/make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 adj. 让某人. make me happy31. fall into 落入32. try to do sth. 尽力做.，努力做. try doing sth. 尝试做.，试验做.32. be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事33. what for= why 为什么34. think of 想起，记起，考虑，认为 about 考虑 over 仔细考虑 aloud 自言自语35. come into being 形成，诞生36. be full of =be filled with 充满，装满fill . with 用.装满37. agree with sb./sth. 同意 on/about sth. to do sth.38. make peace with sb. 与某人和解 39. used to do sth. 过去常常做. be / get used to doing sth. 习惯做. 状态/ 动作 sth. 习惯.，适应. be used by 被当作.使用40. be popular with 受.欢迎 for 在.领域受欢迎41. learn about 学习，了解 from 向/从.学习 to do sth. 学习做某事42. at the end of 在.结尾 end with以.结尾 begin with /star with 以.开始43. “.ed”形容词，表示“感到.的”句中作表语，定语 主语是人 “.ing”形容词，表示“令人.的”句中作表语，定语 主语是事物一类的名词44. 连系动词也叫系动词，是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词。它本身有词义，不能单独作谓语，后面必须跟表语，构成系表结构来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等。A. 表示“是”的系动词be，用来表示主语的特征、状态或性质。B. 表示保持一中状态或态度的连系动词，如keep,stay,remain等。C. 表示从一种状态转变为另一种状态的连系动词，如become,get,grow,turn,go等。D. 表示“看起来”的连系动词，如look,seem,appear。E. 表示其他感官感觉到的系动词，如feel,smell,taste,sound等。Unit 5 Topic 21. be sorry to do sth. 抱歉做.2. do badly in 在.做的不好 do well in 在.做得好3. be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 about/in sth. 对某事要求严格4. have a talk with sb. 与某人谈话=talk with sb.have a walk/look 散步/看一看 talk to sb.对某人说话5. thank you for doing sth. 感谢做./对于做.表示感谢6. be worried about 担心.7. take it easy 别紧张，别着急8. be/get lost 丢失9. send sb. to do sth. 派某人去做某事 (sb.) for sb./sth.派人去请某人/取某物 sth. to do sb. 给某人寄送某物 =sb. sth. sb./sth. to sp. 派送某人/某物到某地10. fail an exam 考试不及格=not pass an exam fail to do sth. 做某事不成功，失败11. at ones age 在某人的年龄 at the age of 在.岁时12. be sure that从句 确信 of+n. 对有把握 to do sth. 一定会做13. tell jokes 讲笑话14. by the way 顺便说/问一下15. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人（做）某事16. ask for help 向寻求帮助17. have problem with sth. 做某事有困难18. as usual 像往常一样，照例19. asas 像一样 中间加形容词或副词原级not as/soas 不像一样20. whats more 此外，而且21. with the help of 在的帮助下=with ones help22. be afraid to do sth.害怕做=be afraid of doing sth.23. accept 接受，主观上愿意 receive 接受，客观上收到，不含收件人是否愿意 Eg: He received an invitation to the party, but he didnt accept. it24. deal with 处理，解决=do with25. all the time 总是，一直26. sometimes 有时，偶尔some times 几次 sometime （将来或过去）某时 some time 一段时间27. go mad 发疯28. for example 作“例如”讲时，一般只以同类人或事物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。such as 作“例如”讲，用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，后不用逗号隔开。like 也常用来表示列举，可以和such as互换。但such as用于举例时可以分开使用，此时不可与like互换。29. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事30. be angry with/at sb. 对某人生气 about/at sth. 对某事生气31. even though 即使，尽管=even if32. notany longer不再=no longer（句中位置不同）指时间上不再延长，多与持续性动词连用notany more不再=no more（句中位置不同）指程度上或做某事次数不再增加，多与短暂性动词连用33. instead 副词，代替 放句首，用逗号隔开或句末，作状语 instead of 短语，代替，而不是 后接名词，代词，动词ing或介词短语34. 原因状语从句表示主句所发生的原因或理由，通常由because,as,since等词引导。A. because语气最强，用于回答why的提问，从句可放于句首，也可放于句尾，想强调什么，就把什么放句首。Because they asked me to do it, I did it.B. as和since语气较弱，用来表示非常明显的原因或者对方已经了解的原因，引导的从句一般放句首。Since we have no money, we cant buy it.C. for表示的原因不是直接原因，而是多种情况的推测，是一种补充说明，因此for引导分句不放句首，属并列句。He wore more clothes, for it was cold.当原因状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，可以使用介词短语、分词短语或不定式短语代替从句。Being worried about her daughter, she decide to go there to see what happened.=Because she was worried about her daughter, she decide to go there to see what happened.She was foolish to give him so much money.=She was foolish because she gave him so much money.Unit 5 Topic 31. get nervous 紧张 强调动作be nervous 紧张 强调状态2. give a speech 做演讲3. calm down （使）平静，镇静4. hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事5. follow ones advice 听从某人的建议6. get well 恢复健康7. take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事8. get along / on (well) with sb. 与某人相处（融洽）9. go to the dentist 看牙医10. in public 在公众场合11. in a good / bad mood 心情好 / 糟糕12. in good spirits 情绪好13. smile at life 笑对人生14. be confident about sth. 对某事有信心 in/with sb. 对某人有信心 of doing sth. 对做有信心15. do something +adj. +for sb. 对某人做的一些事16. what about/how about +doing sth. 做怎么样17. be proud of =take (a) pride in 对感到骄傲18. give sb. a surprise=give a surprise to sb.给某人惊喜be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶 at sth. 对某事感到惊讶to ones surprise 令某人惊喜/惊讶的是19. put on 上演， 穿上 take off 脱下put sth. away 把收拾好put off 推迟put up 举起，挂起，张贴put out 扑灭，熄灭put down 记下，放下20. get ready for 强调状态，结果，准备好了prepare for 强调过程，为做准备21. get together with sb. 与某人团聚22. be crowded with 拥挤，挤满23. have trouble (in) doing sth. 做有困难24. calm down 冷静，镇静25. It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.对某人来说做某事是的It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.对做某事来说某人是的Eg: It is important for me to learn English. It is very kind of you to help me.26. remember to do sth. 记得要去做 doing sth. 记得曾经做过27. tooto 太以至不能28. fall asleep 入睡29. make a (+adj.) decision 做（的）决定decide to do sth. 决定做某事 on/upon sth. 决定某事30. get back to 继续某事，回到某事上/状态，拿回31. a sense of 的感觉32. in trouble 在困境中33. at the English corner 在英语角34. in the sky 在天空上35. 使役动词就是叫别人去做事情。常见的使役动词有let,make,have,get等，加宾语后，除get外，可接不带to的不定式短语作宾语补足语。Eg: Father makes me wash the car tomorrow morning.He let me drink it.The boss got the girl to type the letter for him.Unit 6 Topic 11. go on a visit to 去参观 / 旅游2. 基数词+连字符+单数名词 a three-day visit, a ten-year-old girl3. find 找到，发现（具体东西） 强调结果find out 查明；发现；了解 强调通过询问，研究后，含有困难，曲折的过程look for 有目的的寻找 强调动作4. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方法/途径5. start out 出发6. 表示花费时间/金钱sth. cost sb. 某物花费某人sb. pay for sth. 某人为某物支付sb. spend on sth. 某人花费在某事上 (in) doing sth.某人花费在做某事上It takes sb. to do sth. 做某事花费某人pay for sb. to do sth. 付钱给某人做pay for sth. 支付的费用pay back 偿还，还钱给（某人）pay off 还清7. raise money 筹钱8. have a way to do sth. 有做某事的的方法9. ask (sb.) for sth. 要求（某人）某事 doing sth. 要求（某人）做某事10. be different from 和不同11. each everyA. each可作形容词代词，every只能作形容词B. each 可加of 构成短语，every不能C. each用于单数名词前时，谓语动词用单数 each用于复数主语后时，谓语动词用复数 every后的谓语动词只能用单数Eg: Each child likes playing games. They each want to go on a field trip. Every boy was there and each did his best.12. see the sunrise/sunset 看日出/日落13. the hard / soft sleeper 硬 / 软卧14. make a reservation 预定15. come up with 想出（主意）；找出（答案）16. work out 算出；解决17. hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 =get/receive a letter from sb. hear of 听说（间接）18. look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事 sth. 盼望某事19. at the foot of 在.脚下20. in the open air 在户外21. in the daytime 在白天22. 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种。所谓非谓语动词就是不作谓语，没有人称和数的变化的动词。不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成。Unit 6 Topic 21. be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事2. on vacation 度假3. you bet 当然，的确4. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事5. make a plan to do sth. 制定做某事的计划 for sth. 为某事制定计划6. enjoy sth. 享受/喜欢某事/某物 doing sth. 享受/喜欢做某事 oneself 某人自己玩的开心7. 征询意见，提出建议A. How/What about doing sth?B. Would you like to do sth.?C. Why dont you/not do sth.?D. Shall we do sth?E. Let sb. do sth.8. come along with sb. 跟随某人9. in the center of. 在.的中间10. from . to . 从.到.11. in the north/south/east/west of 在.的北/南/东/西部12. in the old days 在古时候13. make sure of sth. 确保 that+从句 确保14. cant wait to do sth. 等不及做某事15. one and a half hours 一个半小时 =one hour and a half16. in the +方位+of 在某一范围内on the +方位+of 相互接壤且互不管辖to the +方位+of 互不接壤且互不管辖17. arrive at + 小地点 到达 in + 大地点18. make space for. 为.腾地方/空出地方19. 比较级+and+比较级 越来越 more and more20. in all directions 四面八方 in the direction of 朝着.方向21. step on ones feet/toes 踩到某人的脚/脚趾22. push ones way out 挤出去23. out of sight 看不见，在视野之外24. as soon as. 一.就.25. tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事 to do sth. 告诉某人去做某事26. be famous for/with. 因.而著名27. cant/couldnt help doing sth. 忍不住做某事28. have fun (in) doing 做.有兴趣，从做.中获得乐趣29. stand for 象征30. Thank goodness! 谢天谢地！31. 在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；主句是过去时态，从句也要用相应的过去时态。引导时间状语从句的连接词有：when,while,as,as soon as,before,after,since,till,until等。A. 表示同时性，即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。其连接词有：when（当.的时候）,while（当.的时候）,as（当.的时候）,as soon as（一.就.）,once（一旦.就.）等。when后可跟短暂性动词也可跟延续性动词；while后跟延续性动词；as多用于口语，强调同一时间或一前一后。B. 表示先后，即主句的谓语动作发生在从句之前或之后。主要的连接词有：after（在.之后）,before（在.之前）,when（在.之后）=after等。C. 表示持续或瞬间性，主要连接词有：since（自从）,ever since（自从）,until（直到.才/为止）,till（直到.才/为止）等。 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，也可以是短暂性动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，主句谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is+时间+since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。Eg: I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。It is just a week since we arrived here.我们到这刚一个星期。 until用于肯定句中，表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生或状态出现为止。一般意为“.直到.为止”。这种用法中，主句的谓语动词必须是持续性动词，如：live,wait,last,love,like,stay,work,continue等。 He waited for his father till it was twelve oclock. until用于否定句中，表示主句的动作在从句的动作发生之前尚未发生，或者说主句的动作在从句的动作发生之后才开始。此句型为not.until.意为“直到.才.”，此时，主句的谓语动词可以是非持续性动词。 He didnt come back until he finished al the work.Unit6 Topic3 1. a traffic accident 一次交通事故 by accident 偶然地，意外地2. a little more confident 更自信点修饰比较级 多于 rather,a lot,far,much 甚至，更 even,still 稍微，有点 a little,a bit3. obey the traffic rules 遵守交通规则 4. save energy 节约能源5. cause air pollution 引起空气污染 6. before 表示从过去或将来某一时间算起多少时间以 前，往往用过去完成时态或将来完成时态。ago 指从现在起到过去的某一点的时间段，常用一般 过去时态或过去进行时态。 7. spit in public 在公共场所吐痰 8. avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 9. slow down 减速 10. around the world 全世界 =all over the world=throughout the world11. at once 立刻=right away 12. be in danger 处于危险中 be in trouble 处于麻烦中13. a sharp turn to the left一个向左的急转弯14. on the left-hand side of the road 在道路左边 =on the left of the road15. run into 撞到，碰到 16. rush to sb. 冲向某人17. be good/bad for 对.有好处/坏处18. share . with . 和.分享.19. in case of. 万一. 20. first aid 急救21. call . for help 叫/打电话给.寻求帮助22. in a word 总而言之，一句话23. take.to. 把.带到某地 24. in fact 实际上，事实上25. get a fine 受到处罚 26. warn sb to sth. 警告/提醒某人做某事 27. mark a wrong turn 拐错弯 28. cause trouble 带来麻烦 29. in ones life 一生中 30. face it head-on迎头面对31. lead sb. to do sth. 领导某人做某事 32. go on doing sth. 继续做某事33. ride into history 载入史册 34. look out 向外看，小心 =be careful=watch out 当心，小心 35. make a call 打电话（对象不确定）give a call 打电话（对象确定）get a call 接电话36. salt-water 咸水 fresh water 淡水37. empty into 流入，注入38. timed stages 计时赛段39. go though 穿过 40. final result 最后结果41. 条件状语从句A. 条件状语从句由if(如果，假如),unless(除非),in case(万一),so/as long as(只要),so/as far as(就.而言),suppose(假设)等词或短语引导。 If it rains tomorrow, we will have a day or two off. 如果明天下雨，我们就将放一两天假。B. 条件状语从句同时间状语从句一样，谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来。主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。 He will not be able to catch up with us unless he runs faster. 他不可能赶上我们，除非他跑得更快些。C. “祈使句+and/or+陈述句”在意思上相当于条件状语从句。 Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam. Hurry up, or you will be late.=If you dont hurry up, you will be late.