初中阅读猜词.doc

初中阅读猜词题
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阅读中的猜词技巧

阅读理解中不可避免地会遇到一些生词(有些是熟词生义)，疑难语句。遇到这些问题，我们可用下面几种方法解决：
技巧1：根据同义词或反义词来判断
如：Tom is lazy but his brother is industrious.
该句中but表示转折，就暗示了lazy和industrious是一对反义词，由此可知industrious意为“刻苦的、勤奋的”。

技巧2：根据定义和释义来推测
如 1) ：She is studying glaucoma，a kind of disease on the eyes.
我们可能猜不出glaucoma的确切词义，但通过后面的解释可知道glaucoma(青光眼)是一种眼睛疾病。
2) ：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the south pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。

技巧3：根据常识来推测
如：Water usually boils at 100 centigrade.
众所周知，水的沸点是100摄氏度，由此不难判断出centigrade的意思是“摄氏度”。

技巧4：运用构词法进行猜测
如：The colors of Hawaii in summer are unforgettable.
forget意为“忘记”，un为否定前缀，因此unforgettable就是“令人难忘”之意。

形容词否定前后缀语法归纳

否定形式
规律
例词
中文释义
dis-

dishonest
不诚实的
im-
在字母p, m, b前，初中英语主要在字母p前
impolite
impossible
impatient
不礼貌的
不可能的
不耐烦的
in-

incorrect
inactive
不正确的
不活跃的
ir-
在字母r前
irregular
不规则的
-less

useless
careless
homeless
hopeless
endless
无用的
粗心的
无家可归的
没有希望的
无尽的
un-
 (大多数形容词否定前缀都是以un-开头）
unimportant
unpopular
uncomfortable
unnecessary
unhappy
unwelcome
uncommon
unable
unfriendly
unhealthy
unsafe
unfair
unusual
…
不重要的
不流行的
不舒适的
不必要的
不开心的
不受欢迎的，讨厌的
不普通的
不能的
不友好的
不健康的
不安全的
不公平的
不同寻常的

☆特别提醒：
◇初中阶段，形容词否定前缀大多以un-构成，除去少数几个以-less否定后缀结尾外，不是以un-否定前缀构成的形容词基本上只有7个。
    即上表中以dis-, im-, in-, ir-开头的七个例词。换言之，如果把这七个词烂熟于心，那么记忆形容词否定前缀就将事半功倍。
◇以un-开头的形容词其前面的冠词用的是an。例如：an unusual boy。
◇dis-否定前缀除了形容词dishonest外，还常常用在动词前构成否定形式，如dislike, disagree, disappear等。

技巧5： 通过因果关系猜词
通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：
　　you shouldn‘t have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。

技巧 6： 通过句法功能来推测词义
　　例如：bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。

Exercise
1.
Germs(细菌) are everywhere. You can’t see them, but they are on your desk, on your computer, and even in the air!
Like people, germs move around the world. They fly with us on planes. When food, clothes, and other things travel around the world, germs travel, too. Some germs are safe, but some are dangerous. Germs cause illnesses like colds and the flu.
Warmer Weather Brings Germs
The world’s weather is changing. Cooler countries are getting warmer, so insects from hot countries can move there. Some of these insects, like mosquitoes, carry dangerous germs. These germs cause headaches, fever, and can even kill people.
Under Your Skin
Your skin protects you from germs. It stops some germs, but not all. They can enter your body when you eat, or when you have a cut. Germs are on your hands, too. They enter your body when you touch your eyes, nose, or mouth.
Fighting Germs
Your immune system(免疫系统) protects you, too. When germs get inside your body, your immune system finds and kills them. Special cells(细胞) move around your body and fight germs. They help you stay healthy. Other cells make antibodies. Antibodies help your body find and stop germs.
What can you do to fight germs? You should wash your hands with soap and water. Soap kills many germs, and water washes them away.
51. According to the text, insects ______.
A. kill germs B. carry germs C. protect germs D. love germs
52. The underlined word “there” refers to ______.
A. cooler countries B. hot countries C. everywhere D. the world
53. Which of the following is right according to the text?
A. All germs are dangerous. B. There are more germs in cold places.
C. Soap can kill all germs. D. Germs can get into your body.
54. What do antibodies do?
A. They kill germs and wash them away. B. They find and develop germs.
C. They help protect us from germs. D. They carry dangerous germs.
55. Which can be the best title for this text?
A. Germs Are Everywhere B. Weather Is Changing
C. Skin Stops Germs D. Germs Are Developed

2.
Many textbooks are not written in the kind of English that we speak every day. In fact, sometimes the reading is so difficult that it almost seems like a foreign language. In a way, it is—the language of science. You should not expect to be able to read a difficult science passage the same way you read an interesting story; you should not expect to read it easily and all at once. Instead, you may have to read it several times through, catching on the meaning of difficult words, going back over difficult sentences, and finally putting the whole thing together. Do not be discourages if the whole passage don’t make sense to you at first. You need to pick it apart patiently until you can understand it.
These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult:
★ 1. Start to read normally until you run into a sentence that doesn’t make sense to you.
★ 2. When a sentence doesn’t make sense, go back and read it again more slowly.
★ 3. Look for any word you don’t know in the sentence. Try to understand their meanings using word parts and context clues(上下文线索). If necessary, look them up in the dictionary.
★ 4. Look at the next few sentences to see if they explain more about the sentence you are working on. Do not read very much farther ahead until you understand what is being said.
★ 5. Finally, read the sentence again. Try to put it into simpler words.
★ 6. Read through the passage once. Try to understand all the hard parts well. Then read the whole passage once more at a usual speed. This helps you to put all ides together.
The stops sound a lot harder than they are. It is really just the normal way good readers understand anything that is difficult to read. After you have done the best you can this way, you should always feel free to ask for help from your teacher, if you have one.
54. The underlined phrase “run into” means ___________.
A. work out B. come across C. look into D. pass by
55. From the passage, we can know _________.
A. we should look up new words before reading
B. it is sometimes difficult to read a science passage
C. the six steps are helpful in learning spoken English
D. interesting stories help readers to improve their English
56. The massage is mainly about _________.
A. steps of studying science B. difficulties in reading science
C. ways of reading science passages D. researches on science and English

3

In the West, some people believe that personality can be predicted according to the time of the year the person was bor. From China comes the belief that the year of birth influences one’s personality. In the past century, a new belief ahs arisen: the idea that personality is related to one’s ABO blood type. People with blood type A, for example, are considered more likely to be serious, hard-working, and quiet, while people with blood type O are likely to be popular and outgoing, yet often unable to finish what they start. Though this belief continues to be strong, some people question whether it is true.
The blood-type personality theory(理论) started in Japan in 1927 when Furukawa Takehi noticed personality similarities and differences among his workers. This idea soon went out of fashion, but was brought back by a Japanese television host named Toshitaka Nomi in the 1970s. The belief is still strong in Japan and is increasingly popular in neighboring countries. Some young Koreans have taken to the theory. A recent study showed 76 percent of Koreans aged between13 and 64 believing in the blood-type personality connection. Though most Asians might believe in the blood-type theory, for many it seems harmless and not something to be taken too seriously.
Is the belief true? The scientists in Asia largely dismiss the belief as a modern-day superstition(迷信). Most studies have failed to find any strong connection between blood and personality. Generally, scientists warn against making predictions or important decisions based on this questionable theory.
57. The writer uses blood type A and O as an example to explain ________.
A. the difference between to two blood types
B. the relationship between the two blood types
C. the influence of blood type on one’s behavior
D. the connection between personality and blood type
58. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. It was lightly believed. B. It was brought to them.
C. They liked and accepted it. D. They stole the idea from others
59. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Most scientists in Asia don’t believe in the theory.
B. The blood-type theory began in Japan in the 1970s.
C. The blood-type personality theory is about blood type.
D. People don’t change their personality to match the theory.
60. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Is the blood-type theory poplar? B. Is the personality changeable?
C. Is it in your blood? D. Is it in you mind?

4
One morning, Wu Liang discovered that her classroom had changed. She found that the desks were no longer in rows, but pushed together to make eight bigger desks. She was too excited about it for the first two days and she couldn’t listen to the teachers carefully. But soon she and her classmates got used to this new classroom arrangement (安排). “Now our class is quieter,” said Wu. “What’s more, we can come up with our own ideas and learn more through discussion. It’s a better way to study.”
Li Yu liked it, too. He said, “Group members first discuss, and then show ourselves in front of the whole class. It makes us believe in ourselves.” It was part of a reform (改革) at Li’s school. The school made this reform because they wanted to provide students with easier ways to study and more chances to discuss. “Our school hopes it can improve students’ abilities (能力) to study by themselves and work in groups,” said Zhang Ming, an English teacher.
However, the reform has demanded (要求) more from teachers. Now they have only 15 minutes to give the lesson which should be taught in 45 minutes before. It is difficult to teach in such a short time. The teachers have to find better ways to teach more effectively.
The reform demands more, but I’m sure it is helpful,” added Zhang Ming.
62. After the new classroom arrangement it was easier for Wu Liang and her classmates to ______ in class.
A. discuss with each other B. sit in the classroom
C. push desks together D. teach a lesson
63. The school made the reform in order to provide students with _______ to study.
A. noisier classes B. easier ways C. more seats D. fewer chances
64. The Chinese meaning of the word “effectively” in this passage is _________.
A.简单地 B. 明确地 C. 有效地 D. 认真地
65. The best title of this passage may be “________”.
A. Students’ Friendship B. Teachers’ Hope
C. Discussion in Class D. New Look in Class

5
Wen Jiabao is the premier of the world’s most populous（人口众多的）country. But, millions of people would rather call him “grandpa”, Always in plain jackets, he seems an ordinary old man with a kind smile.
Wen has visited the “left-behind” children before Children’s Day. He visited Yang Saike’s home, a primary schoolboy in a village of Xingping County, Shanxi. Yang’s parents were working in Fujian, thousands of kilometers away. he was cared for by his grandparents. His parents fail to go home even once a year. The premier held Yang in his arms and looked through his exercise book then praised him for his hard work. Wen talked with many children and asked them many questions about their schooling and life. The premier asked the local governments to do something to protect and care for such children at home and it their parents in cities not worry about their children.
But in the face of disasters, he has the power to pull together the whole country. About two hours after the deadly earthquake hit Sichuan Province, Premier Wen Jiabao was on a plane to the disaster area. Within two days ,he had seen almost all the worst hit cities and towns. The 65-year-old man was seen climbing over damaged 26 buildings to encourage the trapped kids. And he shed（流泪）tears with sad families and promised to help rebuild their homes.
70.Why do millions of people in China call Wen “grandpa”?
A. Because he is the premier of the world’s most populous country.
B. Because he is plain and seems an old ordinary old man with a kind smile.
C. Because he has the power to pull together the whole country.
D. Because he visited almost all the worst hit cities and towns.
71.What’s the meaning of “left -behind’ children?
A. The children don’t study hard, they fall behind others.
B. The teachers often left the children behind.
C. The children always sit at the back of classroom
D. The children’s parents are working far away from them.
72.What did the premier do after he visited Yang Saike’s home?
A. He held Yang in his arms.
B. He asked the local governments to care for the “left-behind’ children
C. He praised Yang for his hard work.
D. He shed tears with sad families.
73.Which of the following is NOT TRUE?
A. Yang Saike’s parents usually go home after working.
B. Premier Wen has encouraged the whole nation to fight against the disasters.
C. Grandpa Wen always thinks of the people first.
D. The governments would do something to protect and care for people

6.
He was struggling(费劲) to tie his shoes. I was struggling with whether I should help him.
I did, and he was grateful.
“Thank you,” he said.
“I’m glad I could help. I just thought it would be easier for me to reach,” I said.
He was a disabled man, and forced to look down most of the time. His arms and legs were twisted(扭曲的) terribly, and he couldn’t do what the rest of us would consider easy tasks. He always managed to look up to see how you reacted(反应) to his words, however. He had a big smile, making me feel comfortable.
I was still on my knees by his wheelchair.
“ Nice shoes,” he said.
“Thanks. No one ever complimented me on them before,” I said.
“No one has the same view of the world as I do,” he replied.
“Tell me about the world as you see it,” I said smiling.
“Most people can see if someone is comfortable with them or not in their eyes. I see it in their feet.” he said. “If people keep moving their feet, I just let them go, because I know they’re impatient with me. I don’