高中名词性从句及定语从句讲解与练习.doc

名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。（一）引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。（二）主语从句1、主语从句在复合句作主语。e.g. Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。e.g. It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not.3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.（三）表语从句1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。e.g. The question was who could go there.2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.（四）宾语从句1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。e.g. Im interested in whether youve finished the work. Im interested in what youve said.3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。e.g. I wonder if it doesnt rain.用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。e.g. I dont know whether or not the report is true.I dont know whether/ if the report is true or not.介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time. They dont know whether to go there. Please come to see me if you have time.（五）同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.练习：名词性从句一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：1. China is no longer what it used to be.2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.二、用适当的连词填空：1. I cant decide _ dictionary I should buy.2. Thats _ he refused my invitation.3. I am very interested in _ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.4. _ we need is more time.5. The fact _ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.6. _ and _ they will meet has not been decided yet.7. Please tell me _ you are waiting for.8. Is that _ you are looking for?9. Would you please tell me _ the nearest post office is?10. I dont know _ he will agree to the plan or not.三、选择填空：1. Do you see _ I mean?A. that B./C. howD. what2. Tell me_ is on your mind.A. thatB. whatC. which D. why3. We must stick to _ we have agreed on.A. whatB. thatC. /D. how4. Let me see _.A. that can I repair the radioB. whether -I can repair the radioC. I can repair the radioD. whether can I repair the radio5. Keep in mind _.A. that the teacher saidB. what did the teacher sayC. that did the teacher sayD. what the teacher said6. Could you advise me _?A. which book should I read firstB. what book should I read firstC. that book 1 should read firstD. which book I should read first7. He was criticized for _.A. he had done itB. what he had done C. what had he done D. that he had done it8. Would you kindly tell me _?A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway StationB. how I can get to the Beijing Railway StationC. where can I get to the Beijing Railway StationD. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station9. Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by _.A. what had she seen in ChinaB. that she had seen in ChinaC. what she had seen in ChinaD. which had she seen in China10. We took it for granted _A. that they were not comingB. that were they not comingC. they were coming notD. were they not coining11. I really dont know _A. I should do nextB. what should I do nextC. what I should do nextD. how I should do next12. Im afraid _.A. the little girl will have to be operated onB. that will the little girl have to operate onC. the little girl will have to operate onD. that will the little girl have to be operated on13. She walked up to _ .A. where did I stand B. where I stood C. I stood there D. where I stood there14. Can you tell me _?A. who is that gentlemanB. that gentleman is whoC. who that gentleman isD. whom .is that gentleman15. Well give you _.A. that do you needB. what do you needC. whatever you needD. whether do you need16. They want us to know _ to help us.A. what can they B. what they canC. how they can D. how can they17. We must put _ into practice.A. what we have learnedB. that we have learnedC. that have we learnedD. what have we learned18. Did she say anything about _?A. that the work was to be doneB. how was the work to be doneC. that was the work to be doneD. how the work was to be done19. He was never satisfied with _.A. what she had achievedB. had what she achievedC. she had achievedD. that she achieved20. These photographs will show you _.A. what does our village look likeB. what our village looks likeC. how does our village look likeD. how our village looks like21. Peter insisted _ he pay the bill.A. on thatB. whatC. thatD. on which22. They urged _ the library open during the vacation. A. whenB. whereC. whyD. that23. We wish we could have learned _ when we were at high school.A. what you did B. that you had doneC. that what you did D. what did you do24.1 will describe to you _ I saw when there.A. whatB. thatC. which D./25. From _ I should say he is a good worker.A. what 1 know of himB. that I do know of himC. what do I know of himD. that do I know of him26. I will give this dictionary to _ wants to have it.A. whomever B. anyoneC. whoeverD. someone27._ they will come here hasn t been decided yet.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhenD. Where28. _ was said here must be kept secret.A. Who B. The thingC. Whatever D. Where29. It is still a question _ we shall have our sports meet.A. ifB. thatC. whatD. when30. Im going anyway. _ she will go is up to her to decide.A. If or notB. Whether or notC. IfD. That31. It is strange _ she have left without saying a word.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. how32. It is very clear _ our policy is a correct one.A. whatB. thatC. why D. where33. _ Mr Zhang said is quite right.A. That B. WhenC. WhatD. Whether34. It has been decided _ he will be sent there.A. ifB. whether C. whyD. that35. It doesn t matter _he s come back or not.A. ifB. whetherC. thatD. when36. Its a great pity _ we wont be able to finish the task on time.A. when B. thatC. why D. where37. It happened _ I wasnt there that day.A. when B. whyC. where D. that38._ you have done might do harm to other people.A. What B. ThatC. Which D. The things39. _ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights.A. Anyone B. The personC. Whoever D.Who40._ the 2000 Olympic Games wont be held in Beijing is known to all.A. Whether B. IfC. Whenever D. That 41. _ fails to see this will make a big mistake.A. That B. WhoeverC. Whether D. Whether or not42. _ we need more equipment is quite obvious.A. What B. WhetherC. ThatD. Whatever43. Has it been announced _?A. when are the planes to take offB. that are the planes to take offC. where are the planes to take offD. when the planes are to take off44. That is _ we all support his idea.A. whatB. whyC. whereD. when45. Thats _ we should do.A. thatB. whatC. howD. why46. _ is troubling me is _ I dont understand _ he saidA. What; that; whatB. What; what; whatC. That; that; whatD. Why; that; which47. Things were not _ they seemed to be.A. whenB. whyC. thatD. what48. Thats _ I want to say.A. all whatB. whatC. all whichD. what that49. Thats _ .A. where our differences lieB. our differences lie thereC. where do our differences lieD. that where our differences lie50. That is _ .A. where lived he thereB. where did he liveC. where he livedD. that where he lived51. The questions is _.A. whether is it worth doingB. that if it is worth doingC. whether it is worth doingD. if it is worth doing52. Water will continue to be _ it is today next in importance to oxygen.A. howB. whichC. whatD. as53. Thats_.A. how did I become a teacherB. how I became a teacherC. how a teacher I becameD. that I became a teacher54. They are just _.A. that what shall I haveB. what shall I haveC. that I shall have whatD. what I shall have55. It looked _.A. as if it was going to rainB. that as if it was going to rainC. as if was it going to rainD. as if that it was going to rain56. Thats_.A. how she did itB. that how did she do it.C. how did she do itD. what she did it57. That is _ we decided to put the discussion off.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. why58. Thats _ I lived when I was ten years old.A. whereB. at whichC. there whereD. when59. My suggestion is _ we should send a few comrades to help them.A. if B. thatC. when thatD. that where60. The idea _ all people are selfish is wrong.A. whatB. thatC. why D. if61. We heard the news _ our team had won.A. thatB. whatC. whetherD. why62. The fact _ he hadnt said anything surprised us all. A. whyB. ifC. thatD. whether63.I have no idea _ she will be back.A. thatB. whereC. that whenD. when64. We must keep in mind the fact _ China is still a developing country.A. whetherB. thatC. whyD. when65. They have no idea at all _.A. where he has goneB. where did he goC. where has he goneD. which place he has gone参考答案语法复习五：名词性从句一、1、表语从句；2、同位语从句；3、不是；4、主语从句；5、同位语从句；6、不是；7、表语从句；8、宾语从句；9、不是；10、宾语从句二、1. which; 2. why; 3. how; 4. What; 5. that; 6. when, where; 7. who(m); 8. what; 9. where; 10. whether三、15 DBABD 610 DBBCA 1115 CABCC 1620 BADAB 2125 CDAAA 2630 CCCDB 3135 ABCDB 3640 BDACD 4145 BCDBB 4650 ADBAC 5155 CCBDA 5660 ADABB 6165 ACDBA（一）定义及相关术语1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man， “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.3Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。he factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。4That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。The season that / which comes after spring is summer. 春天以后的季节是夏季。Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。5Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? （三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。Well go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.The manager in whose company