必修二-unit4知识点全总结演示教学.doc

Unit 4 Wildlife protection语言点
mercy
【原句回放】Farmers hunted us without mercy. 农民们毫不留情的猎杀我们
【点拨】1. mercy ( cn ./un.) 仁慈；宽容；怜悯
They showed mercy to their enemies.
The ship was at the mercy of the storm.
2. Adj. merciful 仁慈的，宽容的。
She was merciful to the prisoners.
【拓展】
at the mercy of sb. /sth. 任……处置；对……无能为力；任由摆布
throw oneself on sb’s mercy 指望某人能宽容
without mercy 残忍地
show mercy to sb
have mercy on sb 同情 可怜某人
affect
【原句回放】It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.
它含有一种影响蚊子的强效药物[来源:学_科_网]
【点拨】affect  (Vt.) 影响；使感动。
The change in climate may affect your health.
【拓展】
Have/produce an effect on 对……有影响
come into effect 生效；实施
be of no effect 无效的；无用的
decrease
【原句回放】If their habitat is threatened or they cannot find enough food，their numbers may decrease．如果它们的栖息地受到威胁或它们不能找到足够的食物，它们的数量就会减少。
【点拨】decrease v. & n.
(1)vi. & vt. 降低，减少，使(变小)
[搭配]
decrease
in 在……方面减少from 在……基础上减少to 减少到……by 减少了……
[特别提示]
decrease v. 减少
[近]reduce v. 减少
[反]increase v. 增加
①All people desire an ________ in well-being (福利)．
The workmen want to ___________ the working hours and to pay
loss
【原句回放】loss of bamboo growing areas 竹子生长地的丧失
【点拨】loss n.
(1)[U]损失；遗失；丧失
Did you report the loss of your jewellery to the police?
(2)损失，损坏
The company suffered a heavy loss as a result of that mistake．
(3)[C]输，未能赢
What made him unhappy was the loss of yesterday’s football match．
【拓展】
the loss of sth. 损失/丢失/输掉某物
suffer a loss (of) 蒙受损失
make up a loss 弥补损失
at a loss 不知所措，困惑
lose one’s way 迷路
lose oneself 迷路，迷失方向；沉湎于lose one’s balance失去平衡
lose a game/match by ( 以……之差)输掉比赛
be lost in 沉迷于
[联想](派生)
lose v. 失去；丢失；损失；输
lost adj. 丢失的，失去的，输掉的
loser n. 失败者
reserve
【原句回放】We drove the car slowly and watched the lions in the nature reserve．我们慢慢驾车观察自然保护区里的狮子。
(1) [C]保护区，禁猎区
(2) [C]储藏，储备
I must keep a good reserve of energy for tomorrow’s match．
I have little money in reserve．
(3) v. 保留
You’d better reserve the money for future need．
(4) v. (=book)预约，预订
We must reserve two seats in the cinema．
【拓展】
a forest reserve 保护林
a game reserve 禁猎区
in reserve 储备，备用
without reserve 坦率地，毫无保留地
keep a reserve of...for(=reserve sth. for)保留……以备
reservation n. 保留地；居留地
reserved adj. 内向的；说话不多的
unreserved adj. 未被预订的[来源:Zxxk.Com]
[提示]reserve容易与deserve(应得；值得)混淆。

contain
【原句回放】It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes．
【点拨】contain vt.
(1)包含；含有
This book contains all the information you need．
(2)容纳
The hall can contain 500 people．
[辨析]contain与include
contain指作为组成部分而被“包含”或“容纳”在内。
include指作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去，用于“句子，including+被包括部分”或“句子，被包括部分+included”。
Twenty-three people，including three babies，were injured in the traffic accident．
【拓展】
container n. 容器(如瓶，箱，罐)
appreciate
【原句回放】You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together．
你们应该多关注我生活的热带雨林。并且懂得热带雨林的动物是如何在一起生活的。
【点拨】appreciate v.
(1)(不用于进行时)欣赏，赏识；重视
Her family doesn’t appreciate her．
(2)(不用于进行时)感激，感谢，欢迎
I would appreciate it if you paid in cash．
Your support is greatly appreciated．
[搭配]
I would appreciate it if... 如果……，我将不胜感激。
[特别提示]①appreciate后不接to do作宾语，可接doing或名词、代词。
②appreciate通常不用于进行时态中。
succeed
【原句回放】What must be done if wildlife protection is to succeed?
如果野生生物保护得以成功，必须做什么?
【点拨】succeed v.
成功，达到目的
[搭配]
succeed in(doing) sth．成功地做了某事
The plan has succeeded．这个计划成功了。
He succeeded in(passing) the entrance examination．
他成功地通过了升学考试。
【拓展】
Success n. 成功，成就
successful adj. 成功的
successfully adv. 成功地
success n. 成功的人或事
重点短语
die out
【原句回放】As a result these endangered animals may even die out．结果，这些濒危的动物甚至可能会灭绝。
【点拨】die out
(1)(动植物物种)灭绝
This kind of bird is dying out．。
(2)(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失，消灭
Many traditional customs have died out because they are out of date．
(3)(火)逐渐熄灭
The fire is dying out and you’d better add some firewood．
【拓展】
die away(声音、光线、风等)逐渐平息，渐弱
die off(家庭、种族等)相继灭亡，(草木)先后枯死
die down(火、兴奋程度等)渐弱，渐息；(=die away)(光线、声音等)变弱，消失
die from 因……致死(外因，常指情感、疾病之外的原因造成的死亡)
die of 因……而死，死于……(内因，常指情感、疾病等原因造成的死亡)
die a...death 死得……(death前可用形容词)
protect...from...
【原句回放】I’m protecting myself from mosquitoes． 我使自己不被蚊子叮咬。
【点拨】protect...from... 保护……使不受……(伤害)，相当于protect...against...，from / against是介词，后接名词、代词、动名词。
He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight．
【拓展】
keep sb. from doing
stop sb. (from)doing
prevent sb. (from)doing
阻止某人做
be kept / stopped / prevented from doing 被阻止做(from不能省)

pay attention to
【原句回放】You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together．
你们应该多关注我生活的热带雨林。并且懂得热带雨林的动物是如何在一起生活的。
【点拨】pay attention to注意
pay attention to中attention没有复数，其前可以用修饰不可数名词的数量词，不能用冠词、所有格等限定词，to是介词，后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。
A great deal of attention has been paid to protecting the environment
You speak English well，but you’d better pay more attention to your written English．
【拓展】
May I have your attention，please?(=Attention，please!)
请注意!
draw／attract／catch／get one’s attention to
吸引某人对某事的注意
fix／focus one’s attention on将注意力集中于
devote one’s attention to专心致志于
listen／watch with attention注意听／观察
Stand at attention．(=Attention!)立正!
[提示]以上短语中的to，on皆为介词，后接名词、代词、动名词。

in danger
【原句回放】Why are they in danger of disappearing?
它们为什么处于灭绝的危险中?
【点拨】in danger处于危险中
The little boy was once in danger of losing his sight．Which doctor helped him out of danger? 那小男孩曾经处于失明的危险中，是哪位医生帮助他脱离危险的?

[提示]danger表示抽象意义的“危险”时，是不可数名词，表示具体意义“危险的人/物”时，是可数名词。
【拓展】
full of danger充满危险
help...out of danger 帮助……脱离险境
There is a danger of... 有……的危险
a danger to... 对……很危险
. come into being　形成;产生
(教材P30)They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago,long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time.
它们生活在千百万年前的地球上,比人类诞生早得多,而且那时它们的未来看似很安全。
归纳拓展
come into power　　　当权
come into effect 生效
come into action 开始行动
come into office 就职
come into sight 看得见
come into use 开始使用
①No one knows when such a custom came into being.
没人知道这种风俗是什么时候开始形成的。
in peace
和平地；和睦地；安详地(常作状语或补语)
典例 The two communities live together in peace.
A拓展 at peace 和平的(常作表语，与 at war 相对)
at peace with 与……和平相处
make peace with 与……讲和

重点句型
1.“主语+be+形容词+to do”结构。
【原句回放】When scientists inspected the bones，they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others
but also climb trees．科学家们观察他们的骨头时，惊奇地发现它们不仅跟其他恐龙一样能跑。而且还能爬树。
【点拨】they were surprised to find是“主语+be+形容词+to do”结构。
(1)“主语+be+形容词+to do”这一结构中的形容词往往是表示心理活动的，接不定式时，不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语，主动用to do；被动用to be done。
I’m so glad to meet you here．。
Your parents will be pleased to receive your present
(2)“主语+be+形容词+to have done”强调动作完成或在过去发生。
John Was pretty surprised to have received such an invitation．
收到这样一份请柬，约翰感到相当惊奇。
We were disappointed to have been told that the match had been cancelled．被告知比赛取消的消息后，我们很失望。
(3)“主语+be+形容词”后也可以接从句。
The teacher Was angry that all the students had made the same mistake．老师很生气因为所有的学生都犯了同样的错误。
【拓展】
用于这一句式结构的形容词有surprised，moved，disappointed，pleased，happy，sad，delighted，sorry，interested，glad，worried，eager，anxious，angry等。

2. It will be long before…+从句
【原句回放】They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago，long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time．它们生活在人类还未出现的数千万年以前，那时它们的未来看起来一片光明。
【点拨】long before 早在。。。很久之前
It will be long before+从句（一般现在时），表示“要过很久才。。。” ；如果表示“没过多久就。。。”，在will 后加not ; It was long before+从句（一般过去时，过去将来时），表示“过来很久才。。。”
How long will it be before leaves the army ?
还要多长时间才能离开军队（退役）?
It will not be long before we can meet again.
离我们下次再见面的时间不会很久。Well now! It will not be long before he's marry to one of the gal here.嗯，这一来，不久他就要和这里一位女士结婚了。
Well now! It will not be long before he's marry to one of the gal here.
嗯，这一来，不久他就要和这里一位女士结婚了。
Well now! It will not be long before he's marry to one of the gal here.
嗯，这一来，不久他就要和这里一位女士结婚了。
Well now! It will not be long before he's marry to one of the gal here.
嗯，这一来，不久他就要和这里一位女士结婚了。
Well now! It will not be long before he's marry to one of the gal here.
嗯，这一来，不久他就要和这里一位女士结婚了。
Well now! It will not be long before he's marry to one of the gal here.
嗯，这一来，不久他就要和这里一位女士结婚了。
【拓展】
before long 不久以后，相当于soon after, shortly after. 它既可以指将来，也可以指过去，所以可与过去时或将来时连用。
I hope to go there before long. 我希望不久就能去那儿。
long ago 很久以前