2021高考英语(课标通用)大二轮复习限时测试(8).docx

限时测试(8)

Ⅰ.专题特训(冠词与名词)
1．The best way to get better at a ________ is to speak it! Even if there is no one around to speak to, talk to yourself.
A．skill B．speech C．language D．experience
解析　考查名词辨析。句意： 把握一门语言的最佳方法就是张嘴说，即使四周没有可以说话的人，那就和自己说。skill技能；speech演讲；language语言；experience阅历，经受。依据题意可知选C项。
答案　C
2．The things that ________ is not the problem itself, but what we should do with it.
A．minds B．functions C．matters D．benefits
解析　考查名词辨析。句意：重要的不是问题本身，而是我们如何处理它。Matter，要紧，重要；mind，介意；function起作用；benefit 有意义。依据题意可知选C项。
答案　C
3．Good shoes, clothes and a backpack are the basic ______ you need for your hiking.
A．equipment B．instrument
C．tools D．fixings
解析　考查名词辨析。句意：好的鞋、衣服和背包都是你去徒步旅行必需品。equipment装备；instrument工具，乐器；tools工具；fixings附件，设备。依据句意选A项。
答案　A
4．If you take my ________， you'll make a lot of money in the trade.
A．command B．principle C．attitude D．tip
解析　考查名词辨析。句意：假如你听从我的建议， 在这次交易中你将赚一大笔钱。command 命令；principle 原则，准则；attitude 态度；tip建议，忠告；小费，依据题意可知选D项。
答案　D
5．I have no ________ that you will succeed, but I wonder whether you have really got everything ready.
A．doubt B．wonder C．chance D．Point
解析　考查名词辨析。句意：他能通过考试，我绝不怀疑，但是我仍在想他是否已经把一切都预备好了。have no doubt毫无疑问，依据句意可知选A项。
答案　A
6．—Why does he never pick up the waste paper on the ground?
—Maybe because he thinks it's beneath his ________ to do so.
A．honesty B．dignity C．property D．liberty
解析　考查名词辨析。句意：——为什么他从来不捡地面上的废纸？——可能由于他认为这样做有失身份。beneath one's dignity有失身份；honesty诚恳；property属性；liberty自由。依据题意可知选B项。
答案　B
7．To see a young couple loving each other is ________； but to see an old couple loving each other is the best sight of all.
A．no wonder B．no doubt
C．no way D．no problem
解析　考查名词词组辨析。句意：观察一对年轻人相亲相爱不足为奇，但看到一对老夫妇相亲相爱，却是人间最秀丽的景致。no wonder不足为奇。
答案　A
8．He was faced with the ________ of whether or not to return to his country after he got the doctor's degree in America.
A．situation B．circumstance
C. environment D．dilemma
解析　考查名词辨析。句意：在美国获得博士后，对是否回到自己的国家他进退两难。situation境况，形势；circumstance状况；environment环境；dilemma逆境；进退两难。依据题意可知选D项。
答案　D
9．There is always a pleasant ________ of calm at night in the small mountainous village, different from the noise in the city.
A．atmosphere B．environment
C．observation D．consideration
解析　考查名词辨析。句意：在小山村，不同于吵闹的城市是，夜间总是保持一种开心而又安静的氛围。atmosphere气氛，氛围；environment环境；observation观看；consideration考虑。依据题意可知选A项。
答案　A
10．Our government has taken ________ to stop the hunters killing the tigers in northeastern part of China.
A．turns B．measures C．exercises D．photos
解析　考查名词辨析。句意：我们政府已经实行措施来阻挡猎手杀死中国东北区的老虎。turn挨次；measure措施，take measures实行措施；exercise练习；photo照片。依据题意可知选B项。
答案　B
11．There is no ________ exact definition of ________ word happiness. Happy people are happy for all sorts of reasons.
A．an；a B．the；the
C．/；the D．/；/
解析　考查冠词用法。句意：幸福这个词没有明确的定义，幸福的人有各种各样幸福的理由。definition一词为抽象名词不行数，故用零冠词，后一空特指happiness一词，故用the。
答案　A
12．—Kathleen，________ Mr. Heller is waiting for you outside.
—Just a second.I'm on ________ phone.
A．a；the B．/；the C．a；/ D．/；/
解析　考查冠词用法。句意：Kathleen，一个姓Heller的先生在外面等候你。稍等，我正在打电话。a与Mr.或Mrs.连用表示一个姓……的人；on the phone 在打电话，惯用习语。
答案　A
13．It is ________ world of wonders，________ world where anything can happen.
A．a；the B．a；a C．the；a D．the；/
解析　考查冠词用法。world前有形容词修饰或特指时，常表示具体化，故前用不定冠词，故选B项。
答案　B
14．In ________ old society many young women died by so strange and cruel ________ custom.
A．/；a B．/；the
C．the；a D．an；a
解析　考查冠词用法。句意：在旧社会，很多年轻女子死于这么一种惊异又残酷的习俗。old society是特指， 所以要加定冠词“the”， 由“so＋adj.＋a＋单数名词”结构可知， C项正确。
答案　C
15．The story shows that ________ knowledge of ________ first aid can make ________ real difference.
A．the；the；/ B．a；/；a
C．/；the；a D．a；/；/
解析　考查冠词的用法及固定搭配。句意：这个故事表明有了急救学问的确能起很大的作用。Knowledge是不行数名词，一般前面不能加不定冠词，但a knowledge of sth.把握某方面的学问，前面需加a；first aid前面不用加冠词；make a difference有影响，有关系，是固定短语，故选B项。
答案　B
16．Rock climbing is ________ great fun. You will get close to ________ nature and take adventures at the same time.
A．/；/ B．a；/ C．a；the D．/；the
解析　考查冠词用法。句意：攀岩运动是好玩的，你既可以接近大自然又同时进行了一次冒险活动。fun是不行数名词，没有复数形式，也不行加不定冠词，其后可接(in)v.－ing。fun可用于另一名词前作定语。nature大自然，自然界，包含各种生物及山脉、河流等一切自然世界，宇宙万物，并包含一切自然过程，是不行数名词，其前不能加定冠词。
答案　A
17．Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.
A．the；the B．a；a C．a；/ D．/；a
解析　考查冠词辨析。此处a drink是一份饮料，类似的如two coffees两份咖啡。a comfort是一件舒适的事。此处comfort是抽象名词具体化，类似的如a pleasure一件令人开心的事。
答案　A
18．Everybody has ________ responsibility to save water, if future generations are to enjoy ________ similar standard of living to the one we enjoy now.
A．the；/ B．a；a C．/；the D．a；the
解析　考查冠词用法。句意：我们每个人都有责任节省用水，为了我们的下一代能够过上和我们现在同样水平的生活。Responsibility责任，可数名词，a responsibility泛指；standard标准，水平，可数名词，a similar standard泛指。
答案　B
19．When my father was in high school, he developed ________ interest in art and later became a serious student of ________ art there.
A．an；/ B．an；the C．the；/ D．the；an
解析　考查冠词用法。句意：当我父亲念高中时，他培育了对于艺术的爱好，后来在那儿成为一位严峻 认真的学艺术的同学。a(an)＋抽象名词相当于一个具体的事物，比如a success表示一件成功的事情。interest是抽象名词，是不行数，但是句中interest已经具体为对于艺术的爱好，所以可以在interest前加an，使其具体化。art是抽象名词，本不行数，所以前面没有冠词。
答案　A
20．I woke up with ________ bad headache, yet by ______ evening the pain had gone.
A．the；the B．the；an C．a；the D．a；an
解析　考查冠词的用法。句意：我起床时头痛的厉害，但到傍晚为止，头痛好了。a bad headache猛烈的头痛；by the evening到晚上。
答案　C
Ⅱ.阅读理解
体裁：说明文　话题：培育社会情感　时间：10分钟
From the moment a child is born，his parents invest time and money to help him to be excellent.They read to him every night，teach colors and numbers early，and oversee his homework once he enters school.They know that a good education is important to his success，but what about emotional intelligence？Emotional intelligence has been linked to excellence，but can it be taught?
Donna Housman，a clinical psychologist，says it can.Social－emotional learning(SEL)，which she says improves emotional intelligence，is the foundation of her school's program.“What we have uncovered from research is that when children are able to become aware of their emotions and those of others and learn how to manage their emotions more effectively，they are better able to attend and focus on learning，”she says.
An emotionally intelligent child is less likely to lose his temper and can control other bad behaviors.He also knows how to delay satisfaction，so he can wait patiently for dessert(甜点) until everyone at the table has finished their main meal，for example.An emotionally intelligent child is strong in character.He can manage life's ups and downs and care for and protect his emotions.He also knows how to read people's social cues(示意)．Research suggests these abilities bring many positive results in all aspects of life.
Housman says social－emotional learning creates the “building blocks” children need to develop their emotional intelligence.These building blocks include the ability to recognize emotions and identify the ones they're feeling，an awareness of how to connect feelings to behaviors，and the ability to appropriately express emotions and control their strength.As__children__become__more__in__tune__with__their__own__feelings__through__social－emotional__learning，they__also__tap__into__the__emotions__of__others.
Academic(学术的) researcher John Payton explored the link between social－emotional learning and academic performance in 2008.His team's review of 317 studies involving more than 300，000 five to thirteen－year－olds found that children who participated in social－emotional learning programs scored much better than those in control groups across a range of subjects.“Although some educators argue against carrying out this type of programming because it takes valuable time away from academic material，our findings suggest that SEL programming not only does not result in poor academic performance but actually increases students' performance on standardized tests and grades.”Payton says.He also found their social and emotional skills improved，misbehavior and aggression were reduced，and students had greater self－respect and less emotional sufferings，without any drop in academic performance.
“Children are born ready to learn，”Housman says，so she believes it's vital to develop emotional skills to lay the foundation for their academic success.In Payton's research，the most marked effects were seen in young students，which is in line with Housman's belief that social－emotional learning works best when minds are young and easily influenced.
【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文。通过一些具体的事例说明白培育社会情感的重要性，并且提出培育社会情感应当从小孩抓起。
1．At the very beginning，the writer is mainly concerned about ________．
A．whether emotional intelligence can be taught
B．what preparations are needed for excellence
C．how parents can help their kids to succeed
D．how good education is related to success
解析　细节理解题。依据第一段最终一句话“Emotional intelligence has been linked to excellence, but can't it be taught？”可知作者在开头的时候主要关怀的是emotional intelligence是否能够被教会。故选D项。
答案　A
2．What does the author intend to show us in Paragraph 3?
A．The examples of emotionally intelligent students.
B．The research results of emotional intelligence.
C．The significance of emotional intelligence.
D．The development of emotional intelligence.
解析　推理推断题。文章第三段中主要介绍了具有emotional intelligence的孩子不简洁发脾气，能够把握其他坏的行为，能够延迟满足；他们在性格上是坚强的；他们能够处理生活中的起起落落；他们能够读懂社会生活中的示意。全部这些都是emotional intelligence的优点，故选C项。
答案　C
3．The underlined sentence(Paragraph 4) indicates that social－emotional learning ________．
A．controls one's temper B．promotes human relations
C．creates building blocks D．develops one's potential
解析　推理推断题。依据第四段的最终一句话“...they also tap into the emotions of others.”可知社会情感学习有利于提升人际关系。故选B项。
答案　B
4．The findings of the research suggest that SEL programming ________．
A．influences school tests and grades
B．reduces misbehavior and sufferings
C．does good to academic performance
D．improves social skills and health
解析　细节理解题。依据第五段的第三句话“...that SEL programming not only does not result in poor academic performance but actually increase students' performance on standardized tests and grades....”和最终一句话“...without any drop in academic performance.”可知选C项。
答案　C
5．It is implied in the passage that ________．
A．intelligent students are mostly emotionally skilled
B．emotional skills are the basis for a successful life
C．social learning activities need public involvement
D．emotional skills should be developed early in school
解析　推理推断题。依据倒数第一段的最终一句话“...that social－emotional learning works best when minds are young and easily influenced.”可知选D项。
答案　D
Ⅲ.信息匹配
下面文章中有5处(第1～5题)需要添加小标题。请从以下选项(A、B、C、D、E和F)中选出适合各段意思的小标题。选项中有一项是多余选项。
A．Get your brain fueled
B．Give your brain a workout
C．Keep your stress in check
D．Develop an interest in intelligence games
E．Build up and maintain healthy social relationships
F．Make sure you exercise regularly and get good sleep
A strong memory depends on the health and vitality(活力) of your brain.Whether you're a student studying for final exams，a working professional interested in doing all you can to stay mentally sharp，or a senior looking to preserve and enhance your grey matter as you age，there are lots of things you can do to improve your memory and mental performance.
1．________
Just as an athlete relies on sleep and a nutrition－packed diet to perform his or her best，your ability to remember increases when you nurture your brain with a good diet and other healthy habits.When you exercise the body，you exercise the brain.Treating your body well can increase your ability to process and recall information.Physical exercise increases oxygen to your brain and reduces the risk for disorders that lead to memory loss.Improve your memory by sleeping on it.Sleep is important to learning and memory in an even more fundamental way.Research shows that sleep is necessary for memory consolidation，with the key memory－enhancing activity occurring during the deepest stages of sleep.
2．________
When you think of ways to improve memory，do you think of “serious” activities such as wrestling with the New York Times crossword puzzle or mastering chess strategy，or do more lighthearted pastimes—hanging out with friends or enjoying a funny movie—come to mind？If you're like most of us，it's probably the former.But countless studies show that a life that's full of friends and fun comes with cognitive(认知) benefits.In one recent study from the Harvard School of Public Health，for example，researchers found that people with the most active social lives had the slowest rate of memory decline.
3．________
Stress is one of the brain's worst enemies.Over time，if left unchecked，long－term stress destroys brain cells.In addition to stress，depression，anxiety，and constant worrying can also take a heavy toll on the brain.In fact，some of the symptoms of depression and anxiety include difficulty concentrating，making decisions，and remembering things.If you are mentally slow because of depression or anxiety，dealing with the problem will make a big difference in your cognitive abilities，including memory.
4．________
Despite only weighing a few pounds，your brain uses about a quarter of your body's energy，which means thinking is hard work.You probably already know that a diet based on fruits，vegetables，whole grains，“healthy” fats such as olive oil，nuts，fish and lean protein will provide lots of health benefits，but such a diet can also improve memory.Studies indicate that a little caffeine(especially coffee and green tea) or alcohol can help your long－term brain health，too.
5．________
By the time you've reached adulthood，your brain has developed millions of neural(神经) pathways that help you process information quickly.But if you always stick to these well－worn paths，you aren't giving your brain the training it needs to keep growing and developing.Memory，like muscular strength，requires you to “use it or lose it.”The more you use your brain，the better you'll be able to process and remember information.Activities that require using your hands are a great way to exercise your brain.Playing a musical instrument，juggling，enjoying a game of ping pong or needlework are activities that exercise the brain.
答案　1.F　2.E　3.C　4.A　5.B