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阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on consumers’ desire to go green. However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns.
Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.
This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves. And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly. Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company’s environmental reputation was not good enough.
Harry Morrison, chief executive (主管) of the Carbon Trust, sympathizes: “I understand this situation where survival is very important now. But from environmental considerations, the clock is ticking—we don’t have much time. In addition, cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand.”
Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions (排放). Those that have taken early action will have a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.
The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing. “When companies are granted (授予) the standard, they can use a logo (标识) in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said.
1. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers.
B. Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions.
C. Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home.
D. Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers’ environmental awareness.
2. The underlined word “inform” in Paragraph 2 probably means“ ”.
A. affect B. change C. disturb D. reject
3. According to Harry Morrison, businesses .
A. will benefit from cutting carbon emissions
B. should buy carbon allowances for shoppers
C. are required to make up for their carbon emissions
D. have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere
4. We can learn from the passage that businesses will .
A. have a strong desire to reduce costs
B. use the same logo in their marketing
C. gain advantages by taking early action
D. attract more shoppers by storing goods
【参考答案】1-4 DAAC
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Jean is a bright young lady who comes from a rich and famous family. She goes to a good university and has everything that money can buy. Well, almost everything is good. But the problem is that Jean’s family are so busy that they can hardly find time to be with her. So Jean spends a lot of time on her QQ. She likes being anonymous(匿名), talking to people who do not know about her famous family and her rich life. She uses the name Linda on QQ and has made a lot of friends who she keeps in touch with quite often.
Last year Jean made a very special friend on QQ. His name was David and lived in San Francisco. David was full of stories and jokes. He and Jean had a common interest in rock music and modern dance. So it always took them hours to talk happily on QQ and sometimes they even forgot their time. Of course, they wanted to know more about each other. David sent a picture of himself: He was a tall, good looking young man with big , happy smile. As time went by, they became good friends and often sent cards and small things to each other.
When Jean’s father told her that he was going on a business trip to San Francisco, she asked him to let her go with him so that she could give David a surprise for his birthday. She would take him the latest DVD of their favorite rock singer. But when she knocked on David’s door in San Francisco, she found that her special friend was a twelve-year-old boy named Jim!
1. Jean spends a lot of her time on QQ because she is _________.
A. rich B. young C. lonely D. talkative
2. The reason why they even forgot their time is that they _________.
A. talked in delight on QQ B. hated study
C. fell in love with each other D. had similar hobbies
3. Why did Jean leave her home for San Francisco?
A. To amaze David. B. To be on a business trip.
C.To be invited to Jim's birthday party. D. To send some gifts to Jim.
4. The following states are true about Jean EXCEPT that according to the passage.
A. she is a university student
B. she was born in a wealthy family
C. she made a friend named Jim younger than her
D. she uses her family name on her QQ
5. We could believe that Jean was _________ when seeing Jim himself instead of David at his door.
A. delighted B. disappointed C. regretful D. confused
【参考答案】1—5、CAADB
阅读理解
With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most heated argument across the United States today is the death penalty (死刑). Many argue that it is an effective deterrent (威慑) to murder, while others think there is no enough proof that the death penalty reduces the number of murders.
The argument advanced by those opposed （反对） to the death penalty is that it is cruel and inhuman punishment, that it is tile mark of a bad society and finally that it is of questionable effectiveness as a deterrent to crime (罪行) anyway.
In our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary action. Throughout recorded history there have always been those peculiar persons in every society who made terrible crimes such as murder. But some are more dangerous than others.
For example, it is one thing to take the life of another in time of blind anger, but quite another to coldly plan and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher. Thus, murder, like all other crimes, is a matter of different degree. While it could be argued with some reason that the criminal in the first instance should be merely kept from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.
The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to discussion. But the majority of people believe that the death penalty protects them. Their belief is proved by the fact that the death penalty prevents murder. For example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was carried out from time to time in California, the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100, 000 population. Since 1964 the death penalty has been done only once, and the murder rate has risen to10.4 murders for each 100, 000 population. The sharp climb in the state's murder rate, which began when killings stopped, does not happen by chance. It certainly shows that the death penalty does deter many murderers. If the law about death penalty is vetoed (拒绝), some people will be murdered- some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is really a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of people must be protected.
1. The main purpose of this passage is to _____.
A. speak for the majority
B. support a veto
C. speak ill of the government
D. argue for the value of the death penalty
答案解析：答案为D。本题为文章的主旨大意题。由第一段的 “Many argue that …, while others think ...”和最终一段的首句 “The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to discussion.”可知，本文争辩死刑的价值。
2. Which of the following is among the heated arguments across the USA besides death penalty?
A. Air pollution. B. The war against Iraq.
C. Equal rights. D. Election of president.
答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节题。从第一段的首句 “With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most heated argument across the United States today is the death penalty (死刑).” 可知，除了人权问题，在美国争辩最吵闹的问题是死刑。
3. The numbers in the last paragraph show that ______.
A. if they stick to death penalty, the number of murders will be reduced
B. death penalty almost stopped from 1954 to 1963
C. the population of California has risen
D. death penalty is of little value
答案解析：答案为A。本题为推理题。从最终一段的其次句 “But the majority of people believe that the death penalty protects them.” 和最终三句 “If the law about death penalty is vetoed (拒绝), some people will be murdered- some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is really a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of people must be protected.”都是在强调死刑可以疼惜人的生命，故答案为A, 假如国家坚持死刑，谋杀案件的数目会削减。
由本段的第四句话 “For example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was carried out from time to time in California…” 可知，1954年到1963年期间，死刑时不时地在California执行，并不是废除了，故选项B错误。C选项在文中未提及，D选项与本段的中心愿思违反。
4. It can be inferred that the writer thinks that ______.
A. the death penalty is the most important problem in the United States today
B. the second type of murderers (in Paragraph 4) should be sentenced to death
C. the veto of the law about death penalty is of little importance
D. the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime is not to be discussed
答案解析：答案为B。本题为推理题。细读第四段， 由“it is one thing … blind anger, but quite another to coldly plan …in the style of a butcher. Thus, murder… is a matter of different degree. While it could be argued with some reason that the criminal in the first instance should be merely kept from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.”可知，作者认为谋杀分为 “blind anger （盲目的生气）” 和 “coldly plan …in the style of a butcher （冷酷的屠夫式的谋杀），谋杀的程度不一样，假如是第一种就仅仅让谋杀者与社会隔离即可，而不是后一种谋杀者的命运，言外之意就是后一种谋杀应当判死刑。故答案为B。
结合前面几题的分析，第一段作者认为除了人权问题，在美国争辩最吵闹的问题是死刑。故选项A错误。从最终一段倒数第三句话 “If the law about death penalty is vetoed, some people will be murdered- some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect.” 可知，假如死刑被拒绝，一些本可以挽救的生命就会被谋杀，可见死刑的拒确定疼惜人的生命有着重要的意义，C选项的意思与此相反，故错误。D选项与最终一段的首句 “The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to discussion.” 表达相反，故错误。
【2021高考复习】任务型读写
If you can find a tree which has been cut down，you will see many rings，or circles，on the base of the trunk.By learning to read these rings，you can find out about the tree's life.
The number of rings tells you how old the tree is.Each year，new wood is formed on the outside of the tree.This new wood is light in color when the tree is growing in spring and summer，and dark in winter when the tree is not growing much.So，if you count the rings of darkorlight colored wood，you can often find out how old the tree is.
You can also tell which years have been good years and which years have been bad years.When the lightcolored rings are very wide，it means that the tree has been growing quickly that year.If the rings are narrow，it has been growing slowly.If the rings on a tree trunk were greatly magnified，you would be able to see why the rings are lightcolored when the tree is growing quickly and darkcolored when the tree is growing slowly.The tree trunk is made up of microscopic tubes，like some pipes，carrying water from the soil，through the trunk，and up to the leaves.They are wide and thinwalled when the tree is growing quickly and they are carrying a lot of water.They are narrow and stuck together when the tree is not growing so quickly.
When a tree is old，the tubes in the centre of the tree don't carry water.The walls of the tubes have become thick with materials which have stuck along them over the years，forming a kind of wood called“heartwood”．This kind of wood is darker in color than the young，growing wood on the outside of the tree.
You don't very often see whole tree trunks which have been cut across.But once you learn to read a cross section of the wood，you can see much more in wood which has been used to make boxes，houses and other things.
In most wood，instead of seeing the trunk cut across，you are seeing it cut along its length.Because you don't see the whole tree，you can't tell how old it is.
Title：__20__of a Tree
General information
Old trees
Items
Facts
Items
Facts
Where can rings be seen
On the __21__of a trunk
The tubes in the centre of the tree
Don't carry water
The__22__of rings
Helps us know about its age
The walls of the tubes
Become
__23__；
Form __24__
__25__lightcolored rings
Show the tree grows quickly
Narrow__26__
rings
Mean the tree grows slowly
Microscopic tubes
Function
Carry__27__
Features
Wide and __28__when growing quickly
Narrow and stuck together when growing __29__
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了怎样从树的年轮来看树的生长状况和年龄。
20．Rings/Circles [从第一段可直接得出答案。]
21．base [从第一段第一句可直接得出答案。]
22．number [从其次段第一句可直接得出答案。]
23．thick [从第四段其次句可直接得出答案。]
24．heartwood [第四段其次句可直接得出答案。]
25．Wide [第三段其次句可直接得出答案。]
26．darkcolored [第三段第四句可直接得知。]
27．water [第三段倒数其次句可直接得知。]
28．thinwalled [第三段倒数其次句可得知。]
29．slowly [从第三段最终一句not growing so quickly转换而来。]
【上海市虹口区2022模拟】任务型阅读
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. adapt B. natives C. identities D. cost-saving E. alert F. instead
G. established H. practically I. route J. enrolled K. significant
Officials at Boston College have made what may be a critical decision: they’ve stopped giving out new email accounts to incoming students. The officials realized that the students had already established digital 41 by the time they entered college, so the new email addresses were just not being used, but, 42 , the college will offer forwarding (转发) services.
Starting next year, freshman 43 at Boston College won’t be given an actual email account complete with login and inbox, just an email address. This address, in the format of johnsmith@bc. edu will simply forward mail to the student’s already 44 inbox, be it Gmail, Windows Live Mail, Yahoo Mail, AOL, or whatever else they may be using.
The college reached a smart decision after first looking into outsourcing （外包） their email to the cloud. While the Boston College decision may have been made for 45 reasons more than anything, we can easily imagine this as being the start of a new trend.
Can you even imagine a U.S. college student who didn’t have an email address of their own by the time they were a freshman? It’s 46 unheard of. Today’s students are digital
47 immersed (浸润) in technology from the day they were born. It simply doesn’t make sense to give them yet another account to manage when they enter college.
By going this 48 , there are still some challenges to overcome, though. For ex
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