资源描述
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
Leaders of the World Health Organization say they are concerned about the air quality and
health efiects on citizens during a recent outbreak of heavy pollution in Beijing．Still，they said they
were unsure of the exact amount the air pollution takes on any person’s body，casting doubts on
local reports tying the area’s dirty air to particular cases of illness．
Speaking at a briefing(状况介绍会)on Tuesday，the WHO’s Western Pacific regional director，
Shin Young—Soo，cited(列举)reports about poor air quality causing lung cancer in recent weeks.
“The WHO is skeptical of the information，”she said．“We’re cautious of whether the illness is related
to air po11ution. We know it has an impact on health，but we don’t know how much．”
The officials didn’t cite particular reports．The comments follow a number of articles since late
last year connecting some cases of diseases like lung cancer with pollution，．including one in
November regarding an 8-year-old girl．
The health impact of Beijing’s gray skies has been on the minds of many over the past week。Local
authorities on Tuesday preserved an orange alert(警报)一the city’s second highest pollution-warning
level—and again warned people to stay indoors．Experts widely agree that small particulates(颗粒)
known as PM2.5 carry significant short-and long-term health risks，particularly with children．Other
studies find a certain link between pollution and shorter life spans。
Chinese state media have noted a rise in cancer levels in Beijing,without specifying(具体说明)
whether the new cases are the main result of pollution,smoking,other sources or some combination．
Bernhard Schwartlander，the organization’s China chief，said he is concerned and has been in
contact with national authorities．“There is no easy solution,”Dr. Schwartlainder said，adding that
solving the problem requires managing industry and the economy．WHO leaders advised citizens．to
stay indoors and limit exposure to the harmful particulates．When asked if wearing a face mask has
any proven efficacy in preventing health effects of air pollution，Dr. Schwartlainder said，“Whatever
you do，it’s better than nothing.”
1．We can learn from the passage that .
A．in case of an orange alert, we had better not go outside
B．the case of the girl with lung cancer was little’ linked to air pollution
C．cancer levels in Beijing are rising due to heavy air pollution
D．it is widely agreed that pollution shortens life spans very slightly
2．According to Dr．Schwartlander，the ways to solve the problem include .
A．contacting the national authorities B．being exposed less to harmful particulates
C．managing the enterprise and economy D．preventing health effects of pollution
3．What would be the best title of this passage?
A．The dangers of heavy pollution
B．The impacts of pollution on health
C．The importance of protecting the environment
D．The uncertainty of relationship between pollution and health
【参考答案】1—3、ACD
Passage Eight (The Improving Economic Situation In Greece)
Greece, economically, is in the black. With very little to export other than such farm products as tobacco, cotton and fruit, the country earns enough from ‘invisible earnings’ to pay for its needed, growing imports. From the sending out of things the Greeks, earn only $285 million; from tourism, shipping and the remittances of Greeks abroad, the country takes in an additional #375 million and this washes out the almost $400 million by which imports exceed exports.
It has a balanced budget. Although more than one drachma out of four goes for defense, the government ended a recent year with a slight surplus -- $66 million. Greece has a decent reserve of almost a third of a billion dollars in gold and foreign exchange. It has a government not dependent on coalescing incompatible parties to obtain parliamentary majorities.
In thus summarizing a few happy highlights, I don’t mean to minimize the vast extent of Greece’s problems. It is the poorest country by a wide margin in Free Europe, and poverty is widespread. At best an annual income of $60 to $70 is the lot of many a peasant, and substantial unemployment plagues the countryside, cities, and towns of Greece. There are few natural resources on which to build any substantial industrial base. Some years ago I wrote here:
“Greek statesmanship will have to create an atmosphere in which home and foreign savings will willingly seek investment opportunities in the back ward economy of Greece. So far, most American and other foreign attempt have bogged down in the Greek government’s red tape and shrewdness about small points.”
Great strides have been made. As far back as 1956, expanding tourism seemed a logical way to bring needed foreign currencies and additional jobs to Greece. At that time I talked with the Hilton Hotel people, who had been examining hotel possibilities, and to the Greek government division responsible for this area of the economy. They were hopelessly deadlocked in almost total differences of opinion and outlook.
Today most of the incredibly varied, beautiful, historical sights of Greece have new, if in many cases modest, tourist facilities. Tourism itself has jumped from approximately $31 million to over $90 million. There is both a magnificent new Hilton Hotel in Athens and a completely modernized, greatly expanded Grande Bretagne, as well as other first-rate new hotels. And the advent of jets has made Athens as accessible as Paris or Rome – without the sky-high prices of traffic-choked streets of either.
1.The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is
[A] Greek income and expenditures.
The improving economic situation in Greece.
[C] The value of tourism.
[D] Military expenditures.
2.Many peasants earn less than
[A] $60 a week.
$2 a week.
[C] $1 a day.
[D] $10 a month.
3.The Greek Government spends
[A] more than 25%of its budget on military terms.
More than its collects.
[C] A third of a billion dollars in gold.
[D] Less than 25% of its budget on military terms.
4.According to the passage, Greece has
[A] a dictatorship.
a monarchy.
[C] a single majority party.
[D] too much red tape.
5.Greece imports annually goods and materials
[A] totaling almost $700 million.
that balance exports.
[C] that are paid by tourists.
[D] costing $66 million.
Vocabulary
1.remittance 汇款（额）
2.wash out 洗掉，取消、告吹、冲掉、筋疲力尽
3.drachma 古希腊银币 德拉克马（现代希腊货币单位）
4.lot 份额
5.incompatible 水火不相容的，不能共存的
6.coalesce （政党）联合，愈合，接合
7.highlight 光线最强处，最重要部分，最精彩场面
8.margin （成本和售价的）差额，空白，边缘
9.bog down 陷于逆境，使停顿
10.red tape 官样文章，烦琐和拖拉的公务程序
11.shrewdness 清明，机灵
12.deadlock 僵局，僵持；使陷于僵局
难句译注
1. Greece, economically is in the black.
【参考译文】希腊经济上说是赢利/富有的
2. With very little export other than such farm products as tobacco, cotton and fruit, the country earns enough from invisible earnings to pay its needed, growing imports.
【参考译文】除了农产品，如烟草、棉花和水果之外，希腊没有什么出口货，但它从“无形的收益”中挣不少，足够致富所需的一切――日益增长的进口货。
3. This washes out almost $400 million by which imports exceed exports.
【参考译文】这笔钱冲掉了进口超过出口近4亿美元的差额。
4. So far most American and other foreign attempts have bogged down in the Greek government’s red tape and shrewdness about small points.
【参考译文】到目前为止由于希腊政府那种繁琐而又拖拉的公务程序和对小事的精明，大多数美国和其他国家的尝试的工作都陷入逆境。
5. They were hopelessly deadlocked in almost total differences of opinion and outlook.
【参考译文】他们无望地陷于意见和观点完全分歧的僵局之中。
6. And the advent of jets has made Athens as accessible as Paris and Rome – without the sky-high prices of traffic chocked streets of either.
【参考译文】喷气式飞机的进展使雅典和巴黎、罗马一样很简洁到达，却没有那两个城市的交通堵塞的接到的昂扬代价。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇以过去和现在对比的手法，论述了希腊经济，主要是旅游业的进展。过去，希腊以无形资产赢得之利润，来消退赤字，还可稍有节余。但贫困、事业状况严峻，政府办事拖拉、繁琐也影响国外的投资，虽然早在1956年就预备扩展旅游业，但意见分歧。现在，状况大变，就旅游一项年收入由3100万增至9000万美元。
答案详解
1. B 希腊经济形式的改善。文章围绕这一中心而写。文章一开头就提出希腊出口除了农产品之外，没有什么东西，而无形资产如旅游、运输和国外的汇款等可挣得37500万美元。两项加在一起来抵消入超赤字近4亿美元，稍有结余。第三段指出，希腊是自由欧洲最穷的国家，很多农夫年收入为60－70美元。失业现象席卷城市乡镇，建立工业基地的自然资源极少。政府的繁琐事务程序，关注琐事等状况使美国和其他国家试图开放工作陷于停滞状态。第四段开头指出1956年起开拓旅游业，不过意见还是分歧。第五断提出今日惊人的变化，秀丽的历史古城呈现新貌，就旅游一项收入由3100万增至9000万美元。旅馆面貌大变。
A.希腊的收支。C.旅游的价值。D.军事费用。
2. B少于2美元一星期。文章第三段第三句：最佳状况，年收入为60－70美元使大多数农夫的份额。所以B项最接近年收入。
A.60美元一星期。C.一天一美元。D.一个月10美元。
3. A 百分之25以上用于军事。其次段：虽然四个德拉克马中有一个用于国防，政府最终还稍有结余――6600万美元。
B.比收入的还多。C.十亿金子中的三分之一。D.少于百分之25。
4. C单一大党。其次段：希腊的政府不依靠水火不相容的政党之间的合作来取得一会的多数席位，这说明是单一大党。
A.独裁、专政。B.君主政体。D.太多的繁琐程序。
5. A总计几乎在7亿美元左右。第一段中提到希腊出口商品价值28500万美元，而进口超出出口4亿美元。两者相加为6亿2千5百万美元，相当于几乎在7亿美元左右。
B.和出口平衡。C.由旅游者支付。D.花费6600万美元。
【2021界上海市宝山区质量监测】阅读理解
We Are Now Open Daily thru Columbus Day
The museum and store are open from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. throughout the season. Trolley rides start with the first departure at 10:05 a.m. and continue until the end of the day with the last ride being at 4:15 p.m.. We are open Rain or Shine!
April 30 to May 21
May 28 to October 10
October 15 to October 30
Open Saturdays and Sundays Only
Open Every Day
Open Saturdays and Sundays Only
Ice Cream & Sunset Trolley Ride Special ( $3.50 per person )
At 7:30 p.m., every Wednesday and Thursday evening in July and August, join us for a special sunset trolley ride with ice-cream included. Bring the whole family!
Regular Fares
Senior Citizens:
$5.50
Adults:
$7.50
Children (Ages 6—16):
$5.00
Children 5 and under:
Free
Discounts are available for tour groups.
Admission includes unlimited trolley rides, access to the Museum Grounds and Exhibits, and use of our picnic areas to enjoy your own picnic lunch.
69. From now on to Columbus Day, the museum is open _____.
A. only on Sundays and Saturdays
B. on sunny days
C. every day
D. all of the above
70. If a family of 4 persons — one senior, a couple and a 12-year-old boy — are taking a sunset trolley ride, how much is the total admission fee?
A. $18. B. $25.5. C. $33. D. $39.5.
71. Which one of the following is NOT included in the admission?
A. Unlimited sunset trolley ride.
B. Access to the Museum Grounds.
C. A visit to the Museum Exhibits.
D. A use of the museum picnic areas.
【参考答案】69—71 CBA
【2021界上海市宝山区质量监测】
Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold ( 霉 ) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of tough trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.
The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal—and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.
“Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there’s no particular goodness in doing things the way they have always been done.” Wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: “How come nobody thought of that before?”
The creative approach begins with the proposal that nothing be as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are sure to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.
72. What does the author probably mean by “untaught mind” in the first paragraph?
A. An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.
B. A person who has had no education.
C. A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.
D. A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.
73. According to the author, what differs innovators from non-innovators?
A. The way they present their findings.
B. The way they deal with problems.
C. The intelligence they possess.
D. The variety of ideas they have.
74.The phrase “march to a different drummer” (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are _____.
A. unwilling to follow common ways of doing things
B. diligent in pursuing their goals
C. concerned about the advance of society
D. devoted to the progress of science
75.The most suitable title for this passage might be _____.
A. The Relation Between Creation and Diligence
B. To Be a Creative Expert in the Study of Human Creativity
C. What Are So Special about Creative Individuals
D. Discoveries and Innovation
【参考答案】72—75 DBAC
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