2021杭州市高考英语阅读理解、完形填空小练(10)答案(四月).docx

2021杭州市高考英语阅读理解、完形填空小练（10）答案（四月）

阅读理解
【2022·江西高安中学模拟】
Mouth bacteria grow fast in airless conditions.Oxygen rich saliva (唾液) keeps their numbers down.When we sleep，for example，the saliva stream slows，and sulfur (硫) producing bacteria gains the upper hand，producing classic “morning breath”．
Alcohol drinking，too much talking，breathing through the mouth during exercise，anything that dries the mouth produces bad breath.So can stress，though it’s not understood why.Some people’s breath turns sour every time they go on a job interview.
Saliva flow gradually slows with age，which explains why the elderly have more bad breath trouble than younger people do.Babies.however，who make plenty of saliva and whose mouths contain relatively few bacteria have characteristically sweet breath.
For most of us，the simple，dry mouth variety of bad breath is easily cured.Eating or drinking starts saliva and sweeps away many of the bacteria.Breakfast often stops morning breath.
Those with constant dry mouth find that it helps to keep gum，hard candy，or a bottle of water or juice around.Brushing the teeth wipes out dry mouth bad breath because it clears away many of the offending bacteria.
Surprisingly，one thing that rarely works is mouthwash.The liquid can mask bad breath smell with its own smell，but the effect lasts no more than an hour.Some mouthwashes claim to kill the bacteria responsible for bad breath.The trouble is，they don’t necessarily reach all offending germs.Most bacteria are well protected from mouthwash under thick layers of mucus (粘液)．If the mouthwash contains alcohol—as most do—it can worsen the problem by drying our mouth.
1．Which of the following is right?
A．Saliva flow gradually increases with age.
B．Alcohol drinking does good to bad breath.
C．Mouthwash is not an effective way to bad breath.
D．Mouth bacteria can’t grow fast in airless conditions.
2．Which of the following is mentioned as one of the causes of bad breath?
A．Tooth trouble.　　　　 B．Sulfur rich food.
C．Too much exercise.　 D．Mental pressure.
3．According to the passage，alcohol has something to do with bad breath mainly because________.
A．it keeps offending bacteria from reproducing
B．its smell adds to bad breath
C．it kills some helpful bacteria
D．it affects the normal flow of saliva
4．Mouthwashes are not an effective cure for bad breath mainly because________.
A．they can’t mask the bad odor long enough
B．they can’t get to all the offending bacteria
C．their strong smell mixes with bad breath and makes it worse
D．they can’t cover the thick layers of mucus
5．We can infer from this passage that________.
A．offensive breath can’t easily be cured
B．elderly people are less offended by bad breath
C．heavy drinkers are less affected by bad breath
D．offensive breath is less affected by alcohol

语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。说明白口气(臭)的缘由，虽然有些治疗措施，但是都不能从根本上治愈。
1．解析：　细节理解题。依据最终一段其次句“The liquid can mask bad breath smell with its own smell，but the effect lasts no more than an hour.”可知，答案选C。
答案：　C
2．解析：　细节理解题。依据其次段其次句“So can stress，though it’s not understood why.”可知，答案选D。
答案：　D
3．解析：　推理推断题。依据第一段“Mouth bacteria grow fast in airless conditions...the saliva stream slows...producing classic ‘morning breath’．”可知，在没有新颖空气的状况下，唾液流淌会缓慢，口腔细菌会增加。由此结合其次段第一句“Alcohol drinking...dries the mouth produces bad breath.”可知，喝酒会使人口干舌燥，造成唾液流淌缓慢，从而产生口臭。
答案：　D
4．解析：　细节理解题。依据最终一段第四句“The trouble is，they don’t necessarily reach all offending germs.”可知，故答案选B。
答案：　B
5．解析：　推理推断题。文中提到了一些治疗方法，比如口香糖、硬糖、漱口剂等，但是都不能有效根治口臭。
答案：　A。

阅读理解。
In 1995, Susan Boyle went to Glasgow to audition (试演) for My Kind of people, a televised talent show popular in the UK．She was immediately rejected. She was nervous during the audition, and felt she didn't perform well, but her brother said that she was rejected because of her plain looks. Boyle was not discouraged and continued to sing at church and at the karaoke nights in a local pub.
Boyle suffered a personal loss in 1997, when her father passed away. After his death, Boyle put her big dreams on hold to care for her sick mother Bridget Boyle. The mother and daughter often talked of Susan's possible fame．Bridget Boyle encouraged her daughter to take part in singing competitions. “She was the one who said I should enter Britain's Got Talent．We used to watch it together.” Susan later told reporters．“She thought I would win.”
In 1999, Boyle used all of her savings to pay for a professional demo (样本唱片) tape ,which she sent to record companies. In 2002, Boyle began taking singing lessons from voice coach Fred O'Neil.
In 2007, Boyle’s mother passed away at the age of 91. A neighbor reported that when Bridget Boyle died, her daughter “wouldn't come out for three or four days or answer the door or phone.” She lived alone with her cat, Pebbles．For over a year, she refused to sing．But in August of 2008, O'Neil urged her to try out for Britain's Got Talent．Convinced that the performance would be an honor to her mother, Boyle auditioned in Glasgow, Scotland．She sang I Dreamed A Dream, a hit song from the musical Les Miserables (《凄惨世界》), in the first round of the show, which was aired on April 11, 2009.
The 47-year-old Scottish woman's plain looks provided a sharp contrast (对比) to her powerfully beautiful voice．The performance astonished the audience and the judges．Online videos of her performance totaled over 40 million views within a week．Although she failed to win the final of Britain's Got Talent, Susan Boyle became globally popular．Her first album I Dreamed A Dream has sold over five million copies.
11. Bridget Boyle's attitude towards her daughter’s musical talent can be described as _________.
A. critical B. doubtful C. indifferent D. optimistic
12. From Paragraph 4 we learn that Susan ___________.
A. was slightly discouraged by her voice coach
B. entered Britain's Got Talent to prove her ability
C. decided to give up her singing career
D. was deeply affected by her mother’s death
13. Which of the following is TRUE about Susan Boyle?
A. Her international fame grew rapidly in 2008.
B. Her audition for My Kind of People failed.
C. She has never stopped singing since 1995.
D. She was the winner of Britain's Got Talent.
14. Which of the following inferences makes sense according to the passage?
A. Susan Boyle was convinced by her brother that her plain looks were disadvantageous to her success.
B. It was at the age of forty that Susan Boyle established a student-teacher relationship with O’Neil.
C. Susan Boyle was so struck by her father’s death that she shut herself out from the neighborhood.
D. The online views of Les Miserables numbered over 40 million within a week in 2009.
15. In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to _____________.
A. tell us how Boyle's dream came true
B. let us know more about Boyle's personal life
C. show how Boyle was influenced by her family
D. explain how to enter and win a talent show
【参考答案】11—15、DDBBA

完形填空
If you make one close friend in school, you will be the most fortunate. A true friend is someone who stays with you for life. 　1　teaches that is right: A good friendship is not easily　2　.
It is possible that we simply do not stay in one place long enough for a　3　friendship to develop. However, there can be　4　disagreement on the need for each of us to think carefully about the kinds of friendship we　5　.
To most of us, 　6　is considered very important, but we need to be clear in our　7　about the kinds of friendship we want. Are they to be close or　8　at arm’s length? Do we want to　9　ourselves or do we want to walk on the surface? For some people, many friendships on the surface are　10　enough—and that’s all right. But at some point, we need to　11　that our expectations are the same as our friends’ expectations. The sharing of personal experience　12　our tears as well as our dark dreams is the surest way to deepen friendships. But it　13　be undertaken slowly and carried on only if there are　14　of interest and actions in return.
What are some of the　15　of friendship? The greatest is the attraction to expect too much too soon. Deep relationships　16　time. Another“major difficulty”is the selfishness to think one“possesses”the other, including his time and attention. Similarly, friendships　17　actions in return. In　18　words, you must give as much as you take. Finally there is a question of taking care of the friendship. Unless you spend　19　time together, talking on the phone, and writing letters, friendships will die　20　.
【文章大意】人人都渴望友情。那么如何才能培育和进展真正的友情呢? 现实生活中, 人与人之间的友情又经常面临哪些困难呢? 该如何克服这些困难, 让你和伴侣们的友情不至于渐渐消逝呢? 读完本文, 你就会找到这些问题的答案。
1. A. Knowledge B. Teacher C. Experience D. Parent
【解析】选C。规律推理题。由语境可知。“A true friend is someone who stays with you for life. ”是由生活阅历总结出来的。所以选Experience。
2. A. understood B. formed
C. realized D. produced
【解析】选B。背景常识题。友情(friendship)是form(培育)出来的, 而不是understand(理解), realize(实现)或produce(生产)的。
3. A. true B. common C. deep D. actual
【解析】选A。规律推理题。由上文的“A good friendship”可知, 此处应是a true friendship“真正的友情”。
4. A. no B. some C. any D. none
【解析】选A。规律推理题。There is no disagreement on. . . “在……方面是没有分歧的”。
5. A. find B. get C. want D. receive
【解析】选C。规律推理题。由前文的need可断定这里应当选want, the kinds of friendship we want“我们所想要的那种友情”; 且下段有提示。
6. A. disagreement B. friendship C. want D. receive
【解析】选B。词汇复现题。全文始终在谈友情, 下文也有示意。
7. A. hearts B. thoughts C. actions D. minds
【解析】选B。词语辨析题。下面几句列举的都是想法, 所以用thought“思想, 想法”, 指一般概念。mind指“思维, 理智, 留意力”。
8. A. remained B. left C. stayed D. kept
【解析】选D。词语辨析题。这里表示的是“使友情保持确定距离(at arm’s length)”这一状态, 只能用及物动词keep。
9. A. own B. owe C. share D. spare
【解析】选C。词汇复现题。依据下文的The sharing of personal experience可知。share ourselves“我们之间相互共享”。
10. A. that B. very C. not D. quite
【解析】选D。规律推理题。由下文的“and that’s all right”可知, 这里要表达的是确定的意思, quite enough“足够”。
11. A. make sure B. remember C. expect D. check out
【解析】选A。规律推理题。由上下文可知, 确保(make sure)我们的期望值和伴侣的期望值一样是获得友情的基础。
12. A. and B. or C. including D. besides
【解析】选C。规律推理题。including表示包括。
13. A. can B. need C. will D. must
【解析】选D。规律推理题。句意: (尽管别人共享自己的经受能加深友情, )但这一活动必需(must)在对方表现出爱好或有回报的活动等类似的迹象时才能渐渐进行。
14. A. marks B. sights C. scenes D. signs
【解析】选D。词语辨析题。sign“征兆, 迹象”。
15. A. difficulties B. differences C. advantages D. things
【解析】选A。词汇复现题。该部分叙述了进展友情的两大困难: the attraction to expect too much too soon和the selfishness, 也可以从下面的Another“major difficulty”得到启示。
16. A. cost B. spend C. ask D. take
【解析】选D。词语辨析题。上文提到进展友情最大的困难就是期望尽快得到太多的东西, 也就是说像友情这样的深层关系需要时间, take“需要, 花费”。spend也可以指花费时间, 但主语应是表示人的词语。
17. A. require B. request C. depend D. suggest
【解析】选A。规律推理题。上文提到友情的其次大困难: 自私, 想占有对方的时间和留意力。因此要进展友情需要(require)有回报的行动。
18. A. some B. many C. other D. different
【解析】选C。固定搭配题。“you must give as much as you take”是对上句“friendships require actions in return”的解释说明, 所以用in other words, 意思是“换句话说”。
19. A. enough B. comfortable C. less D. a lot
【解析】选A。规律推理题。句意: 除非你们有足够的时间在一起、打电话、写信, 你们的友情才不会停止。下文所列举的“talking on the phone, and writing letters”需要足够的时间去做, 才能使友情经久不衰。
20. A. for B. away C. out D. from
【解析】选B。词语辨析题。die away事物渐渐消逝; 渐渐变弱。die for为……而死; die out灭亡; die from死于……, 均不符合句意。