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一、名词 - 2 -
二、主谓全都 - 4 -
三、冠词 - 5 -
四、代词 - 7 -
五、介词 - 10 -
六、形容词 - 13 -
七、副词 - 16 -
八、动词和动词短语 - 18 -
九、情态动词 - 25 -
十、虚拟语气 - 28 -
十一、时态 - 31 -
十二、语态 - 39 -
十三、非谓语动词 - 39 -
十四、名词性从句 - 47 -
十五、定语从句 - 51 -
十六、连词和状语从句 - 56 -
十七、省略 - 61 -
十八、倒装 - 62 -
十九、强调 - 64 -
二十、情景交际 - 65 -
考点1 单项填空
一、名词
1.(2021·湖北卷·T21)Poetry written from the of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.
A. perspective B.priority
C.participation D.privilege
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:从城市青年的角度写的诗歌往往揭示他们因缺乏归属感而焦虑的现状。A项“角度”;B项“优先考虑的事”;C项“参与”;D项“特权”。依据句意可知选A项。
2.(2021·江苏卷·T33)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a for the better.
A.share B.chance C.turn D.lead
【解析】选C。考查名词的固定搭配。句意:受到其他饮食文化的启发,美国饮食文化有望好转。take a turn for the better为固定短语,意为“好转”。
3.(2021·湖北卷·T22)Carbon dioxide, which makes a between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.
A.difference B.comparison
C.connection D.barrier
【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意:二氧化碳在我们和太阳之间设置了屏障,使得热量无法轻易从大气层散发出去,结果地球变得更温存了。A项“不同,差别”;B项“比较”;C项“联系”;D项“障碍”。依据句意可知选D项。
4.(2021·江西卷·T22)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with .
A.curiosity B.satisfaction C.envy D.patience
【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意:无论我什么时候犯错误,老师都急躁地把它们指出来。curiosity意思是“奇异 ”;satisfaction意思是“满足”;envy意思是“艳羡,嫉妒”;patience意思是“急躁”。依据句意,选D。
5.(2021·江苏卷·T21) Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others essential to their development.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
【解析】选A。考查主谓全都。句意:一般说来,同学的内在动机和来自于他人的高期望值对他们的进展是必要的。此处考查主谓全都中的就前原则,除了with外,还有together with, along with, as well as, but, except, rather than等。依据就前原则,谓语动词的数应与inner motivation全都,因此使用单数形式,排解B项和D项。然后依据generally确定使用一般现在时,因此答案为A。
6.(2021·浙江卷·T4)As the world’s population continues to grow,the of food becomes more and more of a concern.
A.worth B.supply C.package D.list
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意:随着世界人口的持续增加,食物供应越来越受人们关注。worth价值,用途;supply供应;package包裹;list名单,清单。故选B。
7.(2021·辽宁卷·T23)The accident caused some to my car, but it’s nothing serious.
A.harm B.injury C.ruin D.damage
【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意:这起事故对我的车造成了一些损伤,但是并不严峻。A项指各种损害、危害。常构成do harm to结构;B项指伤口,多指人体上的损害;C项表示毁灭;D项多用于物品的损坏,是可以复原的。故选D。
8.(2021·天津卷·T7)While she was in Paris, she developed a for fine art.
A.way B.relation C.taste D.habit
【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。句意:在巴黎时,她对美术产生了爱好。way方法,道路;relation关系,亲戚;taste味道,品尝,观赏;habit习惯。依据句意选C。
二、主谓全都
1.(2021·福建卷·T23)The famous musician,as well as his students, to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2022 Taipei Flower Expo.
A.were invited B.was invited
C.have been invited D.has been invited
【解析】选B。考查主谓全都。句意:出名的音乐家及其同学受邀在2022年台北花博会开幕式上表演。as well as连接两个并列的名词作主语,谓语动词应和前面的名词全都,故排解A、C两项。本题只是陈述在过去的时间发生的事,故用一般过去时,由于the famous musician和invite之间是被动关系,故选B。
2.(2021·湖南卷·T33)The university estimates that living expenses for international students around $8,450 a year,which a burden for some of them.
A.are; is B.are; are C.is; are D.is; is
【解析】选A。考查主谓全都。句意:这所高校估量一名国际生的生活开销每年大约是8 450美元,这对其中的一些同学来说是一大负担。living expenses生活开销,为复数名词,故谓语动词用复数;$8,450为金钱概念,谓语动词用单数。
三、冠词
1.(2021·福建卷·T21)The“Chinese Dream”is dream to improve people’s well-being and dream of harmony,peace and development.
A.the;a B.a;a C.a;the D.the;the
【解析】选B。考查冠词。句意:中国梦是一个提高人民生活水平的梦,也是一个和谐、和平和进展的梦。两个空都表示泛指,故都用a。
2.(2021·新课标全国卷Ⅱ·T13) (2021·大纲版全国卷·T33)Four and half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and break for cheese,chocolate and tea with sugar.
A.a;a B.the;the C.不填;the D.a;不填
【解析】选A。考查冠词。句意:四个半小时的争辩让我们待到半夜,中间休息时,吃了一些奶酪和巧克力,喝了加糖的茶。表示“四个半”,英语用four and a half;break表示“中间休息”时,常用单数形式,在其前面加不定冠词。由此可知选A。
3.(2021·山东卷·T22)It was cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across night sky.
A.不填;a B.a;the C.the;a D.the;不填
【解析】选B。考查冠词。句意:这是一个寒冷的冬夜,月亮在黑暗的夜空中闪闪发光。第一空属于泛指,这是一个寒冷的冬夜;其次空sky为独一无二的事物,用定冠词the,所以选B。
4.(2021·浙江卷·T15)People develop preference for a particular style of learning at early age and these preferences affect learning.
A.a;an B.a;不填 C.不填;the D.the;an
【解析】选A。考查冠词用法。句意:人们在年龄很小的时候养成了对某种学习方式的偏爱,而这些偏爱又影响着学习。首先第一个空用a,由于have/develop a preference for...为固定句型;其次个空照旧用不定冠词,由于此时age并不是特定的,而是不定的。故选A。
5.(2021·重庆卷·T32)The parents were shocked by news that their son needed _____operation on his knee.
A.a;/ B.the;/ C.the;an D.a;an
【解析】选C。考查冠词。句意:父母被儿子膝盖需要动手术这个消息震惊了。这个消息特指“儿子膝盖需要动手术的消息”,故使用定冠词the;“手术”为可数名词并且是泛指,名词operation以元音音素开头,故使用an。
6.(2021·江西卷·T32)Animals are obviously lower form of life than______ man.
A. a; / B. the; the C. a; the D. /; /
【解析】选A。考查冠词。句意:很明显,比起人类来,动物是较低等的生命形式。a form of意为“一种……形式”;man指“人类”时,前面不用冠词。故选A。
7.(2021·新课标全国卷Ⅰ·T31)India attained independence in 1947, after
long struggle.
A.不填;a B.the;a C.an;不填 D.an;the
【解析】选A。考查冠词。句意:印度在长期抗争后,于1947年获得独立。independence是不行数名词,在其前面通常不加冠词;struggle表示“努力,奋斗”时,常用作单数,在其前面加不定冠词。
8.(2021·陕西卷·T19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in thirteenth century.
A.the;a B.a;不填 C.不填;the D.the;the
【解析】选D。考查冠词。句意:据说,在13世纪马可·波罗在去爪哇岛的途中在太平洋上航行过。the Pacific Ocean固定搭配;其次空在序数词前,表特指,用定冠词the。故选D。
四、代词
1.(2021·新课标全国卷Ⅱ·T14) (2021·大纲版全国卷·T34)It’s an either-or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do .
A.others B.either C.another D.both
【解析】选D。考查代词。句意:只能二选一——我们或者今年买新车或者去度假,但是不能两者都做。others其他的人或物;either两者中的任一个;another另一个;both两者。both...not/not...both是部分否定,意为“并非两者都”。依据语境可知此处指不能同时做两件事,故选D。
2.(2021·山东卷·T21)I’ve lived in New York and Chicago, but don’t like____ of them very much.
A.either B.any C.each D.another
【解析】选A。考查代词。句意:我曾经在纽约和芝加哥住过,但并不格外宠爱两者当中的任何一个。结合语境及but,A项either指两者中的任何一个,与not连用表全部否定,符合题意。B项any指三者及以上中的任何一个;C项each指每一个,与not连用,表部分否定;D项another指三者及以上中的另一个,均不符合句意,故选A。
3.(2021·浙江卷·T11)Half of surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.
A.these B.some C.ones D.those
【解析】选D。考查代词的用法。句意:来自16个国家的被调查的人中,一半人说他们会在第一时间告知他们最好的伴侣最大的愿望以及最大的恐惊。those代指the people,此处有定语修饰,是特指。故选D。ones是泛指。
4.(2021·四川卷·T2)The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than ______on the small ones.
A.one B.this C.that D.it
【解析】选C。考查替代词。句意:主干道上的交通比小街道的交通拥有更长时间的绿灯信号。A项指代前文的表泛指的单数可数名词;B项为指示代词,表示“这个”;C项指代前文不行数名词或表特指的单数可数名词;D项指代前文提到的那个事物。依据句意可知是不同街道的green signal在比较,故用that。
5.(2021·重庆卷·T31)Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is .
A.another B.the other
C.one another D.one
【解析】选A。考查代词。句意:回收是疼惜环境的一种方式,再利用是另外一种方式。another表示“三者或三者以上中的另一个”,疼惜环境方式很多,故使用another;B项the other表示“两者中的另外一个”;C项表示“相互”;D项表示“一个”,相当于“a+n.”。
6.(2021·辽宁卷·T29)To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then ______of her colleagues.
A.that B.one C.ones D.those
【解析】选A。考查代词。句意:令Della兴奋的是,她首先赢得了同学们的信任,然后赢得了同事们的信任。A项用来代替不行数名词或者是可数名词单数;B项代替可数名词单数;C项代替可数名词复数;D项用来代替“同名异物”的可数名词复数。trust是不行数名词,故选A。
7.(2021·天津卷·T12)At our factory there are a few machines similar to _____described in this magazine.
A.them B.these C.those D.ones
【解析】选C。考查代词。句意:我们工厂里有几台机器跟这本杂志上描述得很相像。those指代可数名词复数,特指,相当于the ones;ones指代可数名词复数,泛指。“described in this magazine”作修饰成分,故此处应是特指,指代前面machines,是复数,故选those。
8.(2021·陕西卷·T22)Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost of her enthusiasm for life.
A.some B.neither C.none D.all
【解析】选C。考查代词。句意:露丝玛丽虽然多年患一种严峻的病,但是她丝毫没有失去对生活的热忱。some一些;neither两者都不;none没有,毫无;all全部,全部。依据句意选C。
9.(2021·安徽卷·T27)This project requires close teamwork. will be achieved unless we work well together.
A. Nothing B. Anything C. Something D. Everything
【解析】选A。考查代词。句意:这个项目需要亲热合作。除非我们一起好好工作,否则将一事无成。nothing没有任何事,符合句意。anything任何事;something一些事;everything全部的事。
10.(2021·江西卷·T23) can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn’t love it.
A.Anybody B.Everybody C.Nobody D.Somebody
【解析】选C。考查不定代词。句意:假如一个人不宠爱某件事,他就不会40年来始终做得那么好。A项意为“任何人”;B项意为“每人,全部人”;C项意为“没有人”;D项意为“某个人”。
五、介词
1.(2021·安徽卷·T31)If parents have children help with housework, the children will feel needed. , they will learn to take care of themselves.
A. On the contrary B. In a word
C. That is to say D. What’s more
【解析】选D。考查短语辨析。句意:假如父母让孩子挂念做家务,孩子们会感觉自己被需要。而且他们还能学会照看自己。what’s more而且;on the contrary与此相反;in a word总之;that is to say那就是说。依据句意前后表示递进关系可知选D。
2.(2021·新课标全国卷Ⅱ·T11) (2021·大纲版全国卷·T31)A serious study of physics is impossible_______some knowledge of mathematics.
A.against B.before C.beyond D.without
【解析】选D。考查介词。句意:假如没有一些数学学问,对物理进行严谨地争辩是不行能的。against反对,倚靠,衬托,预防,相比;before在……之前,才;beyond超出,在……那一边;without(假如)没有。由此可知选D。
3.(2021·山东卷·T34)The Smiths are praised the way they bring up their children.
A.from B.by C.at D.for
【解析】选D。考查介词。句意:史密斯一家由于抚养孩子的方式而受到表扬。be praised by...受到……的表扬;be praised for...由于……受到表扬。结合语境,所以选D。
4.(2021·浙江卷·T14)It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner. , I’ll set the table.
A.As a result B.On the whole
C.In the meanwhile D.As a matter of fact
【解析】选C。考查介词短语的用法。句意:假如你去商店购买我们晚餐需要的东西就算帮了大忙;同时,我会整理好餐桌。as a result结果;on the whole总体来说;in the meanwhile与此同时;as a matter of fact事实上。故选C。
5.(2021·辽宁卷·T25) everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.
A.By means of B.On behalf of
C.In search of D.For fear of
【解析】选B。考查介词短语辨析。句意:我代表这里全部的人祝你回国旅途快活。A项“通过……方法”;B项“代表”;C项“查找”;D项“生怕,可怕”。
6.(2021·福建卷·T29)Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess,as her children are always whenever she tries to.
A.in the way B.on watch
C.in sight D.on the line
【解析】选A。考查介词短语辨析。句意:史密斯夫人发觉很难把房间整理洁净,由于无论何时她想试着整理时,孩子们总是阻碍她。in the way挡道,阻碍;on watch值班,监视;in sight看得见;on the line处于风险状态。
7.(2021·北京卷·T26)I have an appointment Dr.Smith,but I need to change it.
A. to B. off C. with D. from
【解析】选C。考查介词用法。句意:我和史密斯医生有个预约,但我需要变更一下。have an appointment with sb.和某人有约。
8.(2021·湖北卷·T30)An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered a long lost antique Greek vase.
A.at random B.by chance C.in turn D.on occasion
【解析】选B。考查介词短语辨析。句意:最近一个坐船到南方岛屿去旅行的艺术家偶然发觉了一个丢失很久的古希腊花瓶。A项“任意地,任凭地”;B项“偶然地”;C项“依次,反过来”;D项“有时,间或”。依据句意可知选B项。
9.(2021·江苏卷·T26)I am always delighted when I receive an e-mail from you.
the party on July 1st,I shall be pleased to attend.
A.On account of B.In response to C.In view of D.With regard to
【解析】选D。考查介词短语。句意:每当我收到你的邮件时我总是格外快乐。关于7月1日进行的聚会,我很乐意参与。A项“由于,由于”;B项“作为对……的回应”;C项“鉴于,由于”;D项“关于,至于”,等于in regard to。
10.(2021·新课标全国卷Ⅰ·T34)It was a real race time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.
A.over B.by C.for D.against
【解析】选D。考查介词。句意:为了完成这项任务,我们真是分秒必争。值得庆幸的是,我们完成了。a race against time表示“与时间赛跑”,是固定搭配。
11.(2021·陕西卷·T24)The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will .
A.in particular B.in turn C.in charge D.in time
【解析】选D。考查介词短语辨析。句意:经抱负看看公司的变化,我信任他迟早会看到的。in particular尤其,特殊;in turn依次,轮番;in charge负责,掌管;in time准时,迟早,最终。依据句意,应选D。
六、形容词
1.(2021·安徽卷·T30)David is animal fur, so he won’t visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.
A. curious about B. allergic to
C. satisfied with D. fond of
【解析】选B。考查形容词短语辨析。句意:大卫对动物皮毛过敏,因此他不会访问任何一个家有猫或有狗的人。be allergic to对……过敏;be curious about对……奇异 ;be satisfied with对……满足;be fond of宠爱。
2.(2021·新课标全国卷Ⅱ·T9) (2021·大纲版全国卷·T29)It may not be a great suggestion.But before is put forward,we’ll make do with it.
A.a good one B.a better one C.the best one D.a best one
【解析】选B。考查比较级。句意:这可能不是一个好建议。但是在提出更好的建议前,我们先牵强用这个吧。依据句意可知,此处指一个更好的建议,所以选B。
3.(2021·浙江卷·T2)Mary worked here as a secretary and ended up getting a full-time job with the company.
A.pessimistic B.temporary C.previous D.cautious
【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:玛丽开头在这里工作时只是一个临时秘书,后来却在这家公司得到了一份全职工作。该句中的full-time job示意出开头只是a temporary secretary。pessimistic悲观的,悲观主义的;temporary临时的,临时的;previous以前的;cautious当心的,谨慎的。故选B。
4.(2021·辽宁卷·T33)This is by far movie that I have ever seen.
A.an inspiring B.a much inspiring
C.the most inspiring D.the more inspiring
【解析】选C。考查形容词的最高级。句意:这是我看过的最鼓舞人心的电影。This is+形容词最高级+名词+that sb.has ever done.是常用句型,如This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的书。
5.(2021·天津卷·T3)I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time—there are _____ meaningful things to do.
A.less B.more C.the least D.the most
【解析】选B。考查形容词比较级和最高级。句意:我认为每天晚上看电视是铺张时间,有更多有意义的事情去做。依据句意可知做有意义的事情与看电视是两者之间的比较,所以选B。
6.(2021·安徽卷·T33)It’s said that the power plant is now large as what it was.
A. twice as B. as twice
C. twice much D. much twice
【解析】选A。考查倍数表达法。句意:据说这个发电厂现在是过去的两倍大。倍数表达法有三种:①倍数+as+形容词/副词的原级+as;②倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than;③倍数+the+名词+of。故选A。
7.(2021·福建卷·T25)The Forbidden City attracts a stream of visitors every day,especially during national holidays.
A.constant B.main C.powerful D.shallow
【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:紫禁城每天吸引了源源不断的游客,尤其在国庆假日期间。a constant stream of是固定搭配,意为“源源不断的”。main主要的;powerful强大的;shallow浅的。
8.(2021·湖北卷·T27)People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often rather than based on fixed criteria.
A.appropriate B.conscious C.arbitrary D.controversial
【解析】选C。考查形容词辨析。句意:人们埋怨,做出的支持或反对一个许可证的打算经常是任凭的,而不是基于固定的标准。A项“恰当的,合适的”;B项“有意识的”;C项“任意的,任凭的”;D项“有争议的”。依据句意可知选C项。
9.(2021·湖北卷·T28)He didn’t selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead, he made a contribution to help the community.
A.commercial B.generous C.comparable D.profitable
【解析】选B。考查形容词辨析。句意:他没有自私地自己留下从叔叔那里继承的钱。相反,他格外慷慨地捐赠来挂念社区。A项“商业的”;B项“慷慨的”;C项“类似的,可比较的”;D项“有益的,有利可图的”。依据句意可知选B项。
10.(2021·江西卷·T26)There are a small number of people involved, possibly
twenty.
A.as few as B.as little as C.as many as D.as much as
【解析】选A。考查同级比较结构。句意:这涉及少量的人,可能少到20个。as...as...意为“和……一样……”,是同级比较结构。few和many后面都接可数名词复数,但是few强调“少”,many强调“多”;little和much后面都接不行数名词。
七、副词
1.(2021·福建卷·T31)Those poor and needy teenagers were excited to find a shop at the corner where they could buy priced bikes.
A.competitively B.recently
C.reasonably D.affordably
【解析】选D。考查副词词义辨析。句意:那些穷困潦倒的青少年在拐角找到一家商店很兴奋,在那里他们能买到付得起钱的自行车。affordably付得起地;competitively竞争地;recently近来;reasonably合理地。
2.(2021·浙江卷·T6)If we leave right away, we’ll arrive on time.
A.hopefully B.curiously
C.occasionally D.gradually
【解析】选A。考查副词词义辨析。句意:假如我们马上动身,我们有望按时到达。hopefully有期望地;curiously奇异 地;occasionally间或;gradually渐渐地。故选A。
3.(2021·浙江卷·T18)If what your friend comes up with surprises you,don’t reject it immediately. , imagine that it is true.
A.Thus B.Besides C.Rather D.Otherwise
【解析】选C。考查副词词义辨析。句意:假如你伴侣提出的想法令你吃惊,不要马上拒绝。而是想象着它是正确的。thus所以,表示结果;besides而且,表示递进关系;rather相当于instead,用在否定句后面的确定句中;otherwise否则,不然的话,表示一种假设。故选C。
4.(2021·辽宁卷·T27)Everything seemed to be going for the first two days after I moved to New York.
A.vividly B.generally C.frequently D.smoothly
【解析】选D。考查副词辨析。句意:在我搬到纽约后的开头两天一切看起来都很顺当。A项表示“生动地”;B项表示“普遍地,大体地”;C项表示“频繁地”;D项表示“平滑地,顺当地”。
5.(2021·福建卷·T35)A society cannot be successful if it throws tradition away,but i
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