2022高考英语天津市和平区一轮短文改错和阅理类选练及参考答案1.docx

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。A different sort of generation gap is developing in the workplace. Someone - specifically the father-daughter team of Larry and Meagan Johnson - has figured out that on some American job sites, five generations are working side by side.In their new book about generations in the workplace the pair argue that while such an age difference adds a lot of texture and a variety of life experiences, it can also bring tensions and conflicts.The Johnsons are human-resource trainers and public speakers. Dad Larry is a former health-care executive; daughter Meagan is a onetime high-level sales manager.Here are the oldest and youngest of the five generations they identify:They call the oldest group Traditionals, born before 1945. They were heavily influenced by the lessons of the Great Depression and World War Two. They respect authority, set a high standard of workmanship, and communicate easily and confidently. But theyre also stubbornly independent. They want their opinions heard.At the other extreme are what the Johnsons call Linksters, born after 1995 into todays more complicated, multi-media world. They live and breathe technology and are often social activists.You wont find many 15-year olds in the offices of large companies, except as volunteers, of course, but quite old and quite young workers do come together in sales environments like bike shops and ice-cream stores.The Johnsons, Larry and Meagan, represent a generation gap themselves in their work with jobsite issues. The Johnsons point is that as the average lifespan continues to rise and retirement dates get delayed because of the tight economy, people of different generations are working side by side, more often bringing with them very different ideas about company loyalty and work values.The five generations are heavily influenced by quite different events, social trends, and the cultural phenomena of their times. Their experiences shape their behavior and make it difficult, sometimes, for managers to achieve a strong and efficient workplace.Larry and Meagan Johnson discuss all this in greater detail in a new book, “Generations, Inc.: From Boomers to Linksters - Managing the Friction Between Generations at Work,” published by Amacom Press, which is available in all good bookstore from this Friday.1. The type of generation gap in paragraph 1 refers to the difference in beliefs _.A. between managers and workers B. among family membersC. among employees D. between older and newer companies2. Which of the following statements is NOT true about Traditionals?A. Theyve learned much from war and economic disaster.B. Theyre difficult to work with as they are stubborn.C. They respect their boss and hope to be respected.D. Theyre independent workers with great confidence.3. According to the passage, the Linksters are usually _.A. found working in the offices of large companiesB. influenced by media and technologyC. enthusiastic multi-media activistsD. ice-cream sellers4. According to the passage, modern workforces are more diverse because _.A. people want to increase their average lifespanB. many young people are entering the workforceC. employees with different values can benefit their companiesD. retirement dates are being delayed for economic reasons5. Whats the main purpose of the passage?A. To promote a new book by Larry and Meagan Johnson.B. To describe the five different workplace generations.C. To introduce the Johnsons research about diverse workforces.D. To identify a major problem in modern workforces.【参考答案】15、C B B D A 阅读理解。Just seven years ago, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart was being cheered as the model of human creativeness. The sight of Barney Clarkalive and conscious after trading his diseased heart for a metal-and-plastic pumpconvinced the press, the public and many doctors that the future had arrived. It hadnt. After monitoring production of the Jarvik-7, and reviewing its effects on the 150 or so patients (most of whom got the device as a temporary measure) the U.S. Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them. Last week the agency cancelled its earlier approval, effectively banning (禁止) the device.The recall may hurt Symbion Inc., maker of the Jarvik-7, but it wont end the request for an artificial heart. One problem with the banned mode is that the tubes connecting it to an external power source created a passage for infection. Inventors are now working on new devices that would be fully placed, along with a tiny power pack, in the patients chest. The first sample products arent expected for another 10 or 20 years. But some people are already worrying that theyll work-and that Americas overextended health-care programs will lose a precious $2.5 billion to $5 billion a year providing them for a relatively few dying patients. If such expenditures (开支) cut into funding for more basic care, the net effect could actually be a decline in the nations health.11. According to the passage, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart proved to be _.A. a technical failure B. a technical wonder C. a good life-saver D. an effective means to treat heart disease12. From the passage we know that Symbion Inc. _.A. has been banned by the government from producing artificial heartsB. will review the effects of artificial hearts before designing new modelsC. may continue to work on new models of reliable artificial heartsD. can make new models of artificial hearts available on the market in 10 to 20 years13. The new models of artificial hearts are expected _.A. to have a working life of 10 or 20 years B. to be set fully in the patients chestC. to be equipped with an external power source D. to create a new passage for infection14. The word them in Line 7, Para. 2 refers to _.A. doctors who treat heart diseases B. makers of artificial heartsC. Americas health-care programs D. new models of artificial hearts15. Some people feel that _.A. artificial hearts are seldom effectiveB. the country should not spend so much money on artificial heartsC. the country is not spending enough money on artificial heartsD. Americas health-care programs are not doing enough for the nations health【参考答案】1115、ACBDB 阅读理解。President Coolidges statement,“The business of America is business,”still points to an important truth today that business institutions have more prestige (威望) in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige? One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly(垄断) of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy in preserving freedom.Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic(贵族的) idea of inherited privilege(待遇). 16. The statement “The business of America is business” probably means “ _”.A. The business institutions in America are concerned with commerce B. Business problems are of great importance to the American government C. Business is of primary concern to Americans D. America is a great power in world business 17. Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only _. A. when given equality of opportunity C. by protecting their individual freedom B. through doing business D. by way of competition 18. Who can benefit from business competition?A. Honest businessmen. B. Both businessmen and their customers. C. People with ideas of equality and freedom. D. Both business institutions and government.19. Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by_. A. its absolute control of power B. its function in preserving personal freedom C. its role in protecting basic American values D. its democratic way of exercising leadership 20. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _. A. Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries B. in many countries success often depends on ones social status C. American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries D. businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America 【参考答案】1620、CDBAB阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external (外在的) result or a product that can easily be identified and measuredThe worker who gets a rise, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new languageall these examples of people who have measurable results to show for their effortsBy contrast (对比) , the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the wayThe process is not the road itself, but the attitudes, feelings people have , and their caution or courage, as they meet with new experiences and unexpected difficultiesIn this process, the journey never really ends；there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to acceptIn order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to face the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at firstHow we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is necessary for our ability to growDo we see ourselves as quick and curious? If so, we tend to take more chances and be more open to unfamiliar experiencesDo we think were shy and indecisive? Then our sense of fear can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and we think we are slow to adapt change or that were not smart enough to deal with a new challengeThen we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at allThese feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and growIf we protect ourselves too much, then we stop growingWe become trapped inside a shell of our own making1. In the authors eye, one who views personal growth as a process would _.A. succeed in climbing up the social ladderB. grow up from his own achievementsC. face difficulties and take up challengesD. aim high and reach his goal each time2. Which of the following can be viewed as the process of personal growing?A. Our manager was always willing to accept new challenges.B. Jane won the first prize in the speech competitionC. Jerry picked up French during his stay in Paris.D. Fathers salary rose from 5, 000 to 7,000.3. For personal growth, the author is in favor of all the following except_.A. being curious about more changes B. being quick in self-adaptationC. having an open mind to new experiencesD. staying away from failures and challenges4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. It is not so easy to measure personal growth.B. To try and fail on the new road facing the unknown is unavoidable.C. There are only two ways to see a persons growth.D. If you are too shy to take any risks in life, you cannot grow up.5. The best title for this passage should be _.A. Facing New ChallengesB. GrowthProduct or ProcessC. Two Basic Ways of GrowthD. Overcoming Internal Fears【参考答案】15、CADBC 短文改错。假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。留意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Sue and Ann often meet at a cheaper restaurant to eat and talking about life and school after their morning class.Sometimes，instead of talking，they play a game that they call it“people watching”They start the game in observing and listening to people around them careful and make guesses about their lives as ages，jobs，likes，dislikes and so on.Of course，they never really knew whether they are right or wrong.Therefore they usually have good reasons for thinking that what they are.“The game is fun，”they often say.答案：Sue and Ann often meet at a restaurant to eat and about life and school after their morning .Sometimes，instead of talking，they play a game that they call it “people watching”They start the game observing and listening to people around them and make guessed about their lives as ages，jobs，likes，dislikes and so on.Of course，they never really whether they are right or wrong. they usually have good reasons for thinking that what they are.“The game is fun，”they often say.短文改错。A little wave is jumping along in the ocean，having great time.He is enjoying the wind but the fresh air until he notices the other waves in front of him，crashing against on the shore.“My God，this is terribly，”the wave says.“Look how is going to happen to me！”Then along came another wave.It sees the first wave looked depressed，and it asks him，“Why do you look so sad？”The first wave says，“You dont understand！They are all going to crash！All of us waves are going to be everything！Isnt this terrible？”T