2021高考英语完形填空、阅读理解通用练习(19)及答案.docx

2021高考英语完形填空、阅读理解通用练习（19）及答案

完形填空。阅读下面短文，把握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I have been blessed with the opportunity in my life. It took the near-death experience of my dad to make me realize that my purpose in life is to 1 others. My dad suffered from leukemia(白血病) in 1998. 2 the pain and treatment that he put up with inspired me to be a more kind and 3 person. I realized life is just too 4 and it was time for me to make some changes — do the things in life that I wanted to do without making 5 why I couldn’t do them.
My dad 6 a bone marrow transplant(骨髓移植) operation, and after that he was able to reuse his own “cleaned” marrow, so a donor(捐献者) was not needed. That was excellent 7 because donors who are a match are hard to come by. That 8 me to become a bone marrow donor and hopefully help someone else one day. I also 9 money for the cancer patients. Yet, I was not satisfied with just that. I had to do more, I 10 blood every other month and seek opportunities to do other acts of kindness daily. The opportunity, some days, presents itself very 11 and some days I have to seek it out. Either way, it comes.
I would like to 12 one of my favorite quotes（名言）with you all:
“In an average lifetime, a person 13 about sixty-five thousand miles. That’s two and half times around the world. I wonder 14 your steps will take you. I wonder how you’ll use the rest of the 15 you’re given.”
I want to use my miles to create foot prints of love in this world.
1. A. advise B. ask C. help D. understand
2. A. Suffering B. Watching C. Discovering D. Bringing
3. A. stronger B. independent C. giving D. receiving
4. A. short B. wonderful C. dangerous D. boring
5. A. efforts B. promises C. excuses D. plans
6. A. refused B. had C. learned D. stopped
7. A. expression B. knowledge C. news D. sense
8. A. forced B. inspired C. allowed D. expected
9. A. raised B. kept C. paid D. hid
10. A. check B. test C. donate D. sell
11. A. secretly B. clearly C. peacefully D. wildly
12. A. share B. divide C. record D. repeat
13. A. conveys B. owns C. measures D. walks
14. A. where B. why C. when D. if
15. A. materials B. miles C. world D. wealth
完形填空：1—5 CBCAC 6—10 BCBAC 11—15 BADAB

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Dutch treat is a late-nineteenth-century term, and it originally refers to a dinner where everyone is expected to pay for his own share of the food and drink. If people go “Dutch treat”, or simply “go Dutch”, it means that they will share the expenses of a social engagement.
There are many other “Dutch” expressions in English, many of which were invented in Britain in the seventeenth century, when the Dutch and the English were commercial and military rivals. The British used “Dutch” to refer to something bad, cheap and shameful. A “Dutch bargain” at that time was an uneven, one-sided deal; “Dutch reckoning” was an unitemized account; and “Dutch widow” was slang for prostitute. Later centuries brought in “Dutch courage”, for bravery induced by drink; “Dutch concert”, for discordant music; “Dutch nightingale”, meaning a frog; and “double Dutch”, for incomprehensible language, or unintelligible talk.
Some of the expressions are still in use today, but some are not. In fact, in American English, some “Dutch” expressions have nothing to do with the Dutch, but something with the German. It was probably because of the similar spelling and pronunciation that people made a mistake in distinguishing between “Dutch” and “Deutsch” (the German word for German), when German immigrants came to America in the 1700s. For instance, “the Pennsylvania Dutch” refers to the German descendants, instead of the Dutch descendants, living in Pennsylvania.
56. Many of the “Dutch” expressions were invented with derogatory (贬义) sense, because .
A. The Dutch were underdeveloped people.
B .Britain and Holland were competitors at that time.
C. The Dutch had many bad habits.
D. The British were superior to the Dutch.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。依据when the Dutch and the English were commercial and military rivals. 英国和荷兰进行商业和军事竞争，故选B。
57. With the information you get from Paragraph 2, make a guess at the meaning of the sentence “You are in Dutch”. It probably means .
A.You are in Holland. B. You are welcome.
C. You are in trouble. D. You are lucky.
【答案】C
【解析】句意猜想题。依据The British used “Dutch” to refer to something bad and shameful.由于Dutch指的是不好可耻的事情，所以这句应当理解为“你有麻烦了”，故选C。
58. According to the passage, some native American “Dutch” expressions were related to the German instead of the Dutch, simply because .
A. People hated the German as much as the Dutch.
B.People made a mistake at the beginning.
C.People made a joke about the German.
D.The German immigrants proclaimed that they were Dutch.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。依据It was probably because of the similar spelling and pronunciation that people made a mistake in distinguishing between “Dutch” and “Deutsch” (the German word for German),是由于人们在开头时毁灭了错误，故选B。

(201*·湖南卷)
People in communities have slowly been pushed apart through the years, mostly because people simply aren't taking the time to say a simple “hello”. After considering this phenomenon, I decided I was going to __36__ the way I was doing things.
My __37__ came one morning when I was in the community library. I passed by a girl who __38__ her books out of her locker. Thinking like most that someone else would help her pick them up, I continued my way. However, when I had to __39__ because I stupidly forgot my book, I noticed she had just finished packing them up by herself. No one had stopped to __40__ her.
“OK，” I thought to myself, “this is where I should have changed.”
My best opportunity came a few days later when I saw a man __41__ by himself waiting for the library to open, so I sat down next to him and began a __42__. It was difficult to get started, and even when I had to say goodbye, almost every __43__ from my new friend had a tone (语气) of doubt in it.And who could blame him?
People aren't used to making an __44__ chat with a stranger. But a change, no matter how __45__ it is needed, doesn't just happen. It takes people like us to make it possible. I __46__ you to take a small step out of your comfort zone and try to make someone's day a little brighter. Together, we can really make society come __47__ as a whole.
36．A. change B．explain
C．learn D．show
37．A. trouble B．doubt
C．wish D．opportunity
38．A. took B．dropped
C．got D．pulled
39．A. come out B．stand by
C．go back D．turn up
40．A. please B．greet
C．help D．praise
41．A. sitting B．walking
C．riding D．running 　　
42. A. discussion B．lesson
C．report D．conversation 　　
43. A. joke B．response
C．cry D．story
44．A. unchangeable B．unprepared
C．unforgettable D．unfinished
45．A. desperately B．frequently
C．simply D．widely
46．A. allow B．warn
C．order D．advise
47．A. later B．straighter
C．closer D．slower
【全文大意】文章通过作者记叙自己在社区图书馆的经受，来劝告人们通过尝试与生疏人沟通来增进彼此之间的关系，符合了当下“和谐社会”的大环境。
【解析】36. A　考查动词。依据文义，作者在思考了社区内人与人之间距离渐渐疏远这一现象后，打算转变之前的行为。值得留意的是，后文即对作者的行为进行描述，第三段的最终一词即为change，符合前后对应原则。
【解析】37. D　考查名词。句意：一天早上，当我在社区图书馆的时候，我的……毁灭了。可以通过理解得出答案，但也可以简洁地依据完形名词解题法查找重复，第四段第三个词即为答案。
【解析】38. B　考查动词。对应后文pick up，可知小女孩之前是书掉落，选dropped。
【解析】39. C　考查短语。依据文义，作者后来发觉没人挂念小女孩，说明作者必定重新返回原来的地方。
【解析】40. C　考查动词。前文someone else和后文的no one对应，所以动作也应当对应，所以选help。
【解析】41. A　考查动词。后文so是解题点，说明作者的动作也和一位男士的动作全都，故选sitting。
【解析】42. D　考查名词。查找重复后发觉，第44题后面一个词chat即为本题答案，因此选chat的同义词conversation。
【解析】43. B　考查名词。句意：我的新伴侣的每个……中都显示出怀疑的语气。joke，cry和story在文中均未提及，直接排解，选response。
【解析】44. B　考查形容词。此题考查文章归纳总结力气。文章说：对于一个生疏人，人们并不习惯于进行……的交谈。此句是由前文作者对于生疏人的反应而总结出来的。前文作者对生疏人的交谈很不顺当，如何开头、如何结束都显得格外困难，因此本题应选择与“困难”相近的词。纵观备选项，unprepared(未预备好的，即兴的)较符合文义。
【解析】45. A　考查副词。句意：和生疏人交谈的方式的转变无论是……的需要，它都不会发生。此题单纯从文义理解比较困难，建议用排解法。frequently, simply, widely这3个选项均不是文章争辩的内容，可以排解，剩下答案desperately(格外，格外地)修饰这种需要的迫切程度。
【解析】46. D　考查动词。最终一段作者针对与生疏人疏远这种状况，建议人们努力改善，答案则简洁得出。
【解析】47. C　对应第一段的apart，此处应选择相对应的反义词closer。

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The multi－million pound new Library of Birmingham (LoB)will be the most visible sign of the way the city is accepting the digitalization(数字化)of everyday life.
Set to open in 2021，the￡188m LoB is already beginning to take shape next to the Birmingham Repertory Theatre，with which it will share some equipment.
As digital media(媒介)is important to its_idea，the project is already providing chances for some of the many small new local companies working at the new technologies.
Brian Gambles，the LoB project director，says it is about giving people the right tools for learning：“The aim is to mix the physical with the digital，providing 24－hour services which can be used through many different ways.It is important to enable us to reach more people，more effectively.”
The digital library will，he says，be as important as the physical one，allowing the distant use of the services, making sure that it is never closed to the public.
Even before the LoB is complete，the public has been able to go online to visit the Virtual(虚拟的)LoB，designed by Baden，the Birmingham virtual worlds specialists.Not only have the public been able to learn about the LoB，but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and how it will work before it even opens.
Two other small Birmingham－based digital companies are also working on the LoB projects.Substrat，a digital design company，is developing what it calls an example of an “enlarged reality” project.It is about the use of an exciting smart phone，an important part of the LoB which is in the early stages of development.And The People's Archive is an online library of historical figures of the city being built up by a digital content company in Cahoots，in which users will be encouraged to add to and comment on the material.
Gambles says：“Technology will enable us to make the library's content and services open to citizens as never before”
【语篇解读】 本文是一则新闻报道。即将落成的Library of Birmingham(LoB)将是伯明翰市接受日常生活数字化的标志。
1．The underlined part“its idea”in Paragraph 3 refers to the idea of ________.
A．the equipment B．the project
C．the digital media D．the physical library
解析　词义猜想题。第三段中的“the project”指的是文章中毁灭的“the LoB project”，结合画线部分的上下文语境可知此处讲的是数字媒体对这个项目很重要，所以B项正确。
答案　B
2．While visiting the Virtual LoB，the public can ________.
A．get a general idea of the LoB
B．meet many world－famous experts
C．learn how to put up a library building
D．understand how the specialists work on the project
解析　细节理解题。依据第六段中的“Not only have the public been able to learn about the LoB...”可知，公众访问虚拟LoB可了解LoB的大体状况。
答案　A
3．Which of the following is true of the LoB when it opens?

A．a，b，d B．a，c，e C．b，c，d D．b，d，e
解析　推理推断题。依据第四段内容可知a、b两项正确，e项错误；依据倒数其次段的其次、三句可知c项错误；由倒数其次段的最终一句可知d项正确。故选A项。
答案　A
4．The text is most probably taken from ________.
A．a computer book B．a library guide
C．a project handbook D．a newspaper report
解析　推理推断题。文章主要介绍了即将落成的Library of Birmingham(LoB)的相关状况，最有可能是一则新闻报道。
答案　D。