2021广州市高考英语阅读、信息匹配自练(5)答案(四月).docx

2021广州市高考英语阅读、信息匹配自练（5）答案（四月）

【由北京市丰台区2022高考模拟改编】
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A Myth
It is true that world population is growing, but this is not the cause of our current and future global problems. Believing this will cause us to ignore the real problem and risk long-term damage to our planet.
Let me start by explaining why overpopulation is a myth. For one thing, the UN Population Division regularly predicts population growth but provides a low variant (变量), medium variant, and high variant to factor in various possibilities. In the 2010 revision, their high variant suggests that the world population will be almost 16 billion in 2100, but the low variant predicts it will peak at 8 billion and decrease to just over 6 billion by 2100. In most cases, it is the low variant that has come true in the past, suggesting the same will be true of their future population predictions. In addition to this, the size of families is actually decreasing.
For another, if the Earth is overpopulated, there needs to be insufficient (短缺) food, water, and space for humans to live. However, Indian economist Raj Krishna estimates that India alone is able to increase crop produce to the point of providing the entire world’s food supply. The World Food Programme confirms that there is sufficient food grown to feed the world and there is the same amount of fresh water on the planet now as there was 10,000 years ago. So how is it possible that the number of people in the world is affecting our planet?
Therefore, it is not an increase in population but an increase in consumption that is a severe threat. Materialism and overconsumption are facts of life for everybody in the western world, as possessions reflect a person’s status in society and people strive to obtain happiness through owning the latest fashionable goods. Not only that, but waste is a common occurrence which has a huge effect on our resources. It is a sad truth that 80% of the world’s resources are currently used by just 20% of the world’s population.
Our overconsumption must be addressed now to make our lives more sustainable (可持续的) and avoid continuing the terrible damage to the environment we are causing. The key is education. If we do not work towards this but instead focus on the wrong issue, we may find ourselves living on a planet that can no longer sustain human life.

1. According to the author, what causes our current and future global problems?
A. The increase in population.
B. Shortage of food and water.
C. The fast growth of material needs.
D. Failure to protect the environment.
2. The underlined word “myth” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _________.
A. fact B. misconception C. possibility D. uncertainty
3. The author stresses that _____.
A. people should save food and water
B. economists are making wrong predictions
C. wrong judgment leads to serious consequences
D. measures should be taken to reduce population
4. What is mainly discussed in the passage?
A. The real cause of global problems.
B. The severe effect of overpopulation.
C. Reasonable use of natural resources.
D. Methods to reduce overconsumption.
【参考答案】C B C .A

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
It is over 40 years since first atomic bomb was dropped on a major city in Japan. Yet even now its effects are showing themselves and may continue to do so for years to come. Much effort and human energy have been used to try to prevent such a terrifying thing from happening again. So far there is no guarantee that it will not. Countries which already possess nuclear knowledge and resources have bombs stored away which are powerful enough to wipe out all life on earth. But this is not all. Other countries, which previously were not so advanced in technology, are gradually buying materials that can be used for making atomic devices. This nuclear energy will naturally be of great value in helping the economy of poorer nations.
The generation of electricity through nuclear power came directly from the original work on the atom bomb. Because of the increase in demand for energy and the possibility of decreasing supplies of oil and natural gas, the interest in electricity has increased. One of the by-products of nuclear power stations is plutonium (钸) produced from unclear fuel: plutonium is ingredient (成分) in bomb-making. It means that there are far more opportunities for the manufacture of bombs.
This brings the problem to a full circle again. How can something so valuable and useful be controlled so that it works for the benefit and not the destruction of man? (from )
1. The effects of dropping the first atomic bomb ________.
A. are not over B. may go on forever
C. could last much longer D. will not be over in the near future
2. The writer says that enough atomic bombs have already been manufactured to ________.
A. wipe out Japan B. last forever
C. act as a peace-keeping device D. destroy all living things
3. The advantage of less developed countries being able to make atomic devices is that it ______.
A. gives them more opportunities for work B. will help poor countries to become richer
C. will enable them to make better explosives D. will be of great value to them
4. The second paragraph tells us that the increased demand for electricity today ________.
A. has led to the decrease in supplies of oil
B. means that more countries are interested in nuclear power
C. has increased the risk of accidental explosions
D. has increased the very means of producing more atomic bombs
 【答案与解析】
1. A 细节理解题。依据第一段其次句Yet even now its effects are showing themselves and may continue to do so for years to come可知。
2. D 细节理解题。依据第一段“…have bombs stored away which are powerful enough to wipe out all life on earth”一句可知。
3. B 细节理解题。依据第一段“This nuclear energy will naturally be of great value in helping the economy of poorer nations”一句可知。
4. D 段落主旨题。依据其次段最终一句“It means that there are far more opportunities for the manufacture of bombs.”可知。

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
Most mornings, the line begins to form at dawn: scores of silent women with babies on their backs, buckets balanced on their heads, and in each hand a bright-blue plastic jug. On good days, they will wait less than an hour before a water tanker goes across the dirt path that serves as a road in Kesum Purbahari, a slum on the southern edge of New Delhi. On bad days, when there is no electricity for the pumps, the tankers don’t come at all. “That water kills people,” a young mother named Shoba said one recent Saturday morning, pointing to a row of pails filled with thick, caramel (焦糖)-colored liquid.“Whoever drinks it will die.”The water was from a pipe shared by thousands of people in the poor neighborhood. Women often use it to wash clothes and bathe their children, but nobody is desperate enough to drink it.
There is no standard for how much water a person needs each day, but experts usually put the minimum at fifty litres. The government of India promises (but rarely provides) forty. Most people drink two or three litres—less than it takes to wash a toilet. The rest is typically used for cooking and bathing. Americans consume between four hundred and six hundred litres of water each day, more than any other people on earth. Most Europeans use less than half that. The women of Kesum Purbahari each hoped to drag away a hundred litres that day—two or three buckets’ worth. Shoba has a husband and five children, and that much water doesn’t go far in a family of seven, particularly when the temperature reaches a hundred and ten degrees before noon. She often makes up the difference with bottled water, which costs more than water delivered any other way. Sometimes she just buys milk; it’s cheaper. Like the poorest people everywhere, the people of New Delhi’s slums spend a far greater percentage of their incomes on water than anyone lucky enough to live in a house connected to a system of pipes.
1 The underlined word “slum” most likely means ______.
A. a village
B. a small town
C. an area of a town with badly-built, over-crowded buildings
D. the part of a town that lacks water badly
2. Sometimes the water tanker doesn’t come because ______.
A. the weather is bad
B. there is no electricity
C. there is no water
D. people don’t want the dirty water
3. A person needs at least ________ litres of water a day.
A. a hundred B. four hundred C. forty D. fifty
4. Which of the following statements is wrong?
A. a hundred litres of water a day is enough for Shoba’s family
B. Americans uses the largest amount of water each day
C. in Kesum Purbahari milk is cheaper than bottled water
D. Shoba has a family of seven people
5. The passage mainly tells us ______.
A. how women in Kesum Purbahari gets their water
B. how much water a day a person deeds
C. that India lacks water badly
D. how India government manages to solve the problem of water
【参考答案】1—5、CBDAC

【四川省资阳市2022模拟】
阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请留意词数要求）。
[1] Many American fathers have got gifts from their families in honor of Father’s Day. Some men may be hoping for a shiny new grill (烤架) to bring smoky, fiery (燃烧的) happiness to cooking outdoors. More than half of Americans say they cook outdoors throughout the year. But the warmer months bring more people outside. So this is a good time for food safety expert to make their efforts to educate the public.
[2] Disease-control officials say that about one in six Americans get sick from food each year. 130,000 have to go to a hospital for food poisoning. And 3,000 die. Health officials say these numbers usually increase during this time of year as more Americans cook and eat outdoors.
[3] The United States Department of agriculture started its Meat and Poultry Hotline in 1985. The Meat and Poultry Hotline has expanded its programs to include Spanish language services. Also, people can ask questions through email and live chats and get information on social media sites.
[4] The hotline receives about 70,000 telephone calls a year from people with food safety questions. They teach consumers every day, one to one, about how to handle food safely and to prevent food-related illness. In addition, they also take calls that are related to complaints about food products that have led to foods being recalled, and that has probably saved lives.
[5] One of the Hotline workers said, “One of the most important things is to make sure your meat is fully cooked. It’s not recommended that anybody be having a rare hamburger when they are cooking out in the summer. If you’re cooking eggs, make sure the yolks (蛋黄) are fresh. And drinking or eating things that contain uncooked eggs is surely not a good idea.”
56. What can we learn about Americans from the 1st paragraph? (No more than 6 words)
__________________________________________________________________________
57. How many Americans die from food poisoning every year? (No more than 2 words)
__________________________________________________________________________
58. What information can people get if they call the Meat and Poultry Hotline? (No more than 5 words)
__________________________________________________________________________
59. What are the three ways in which people get the information? (No more than 10 words)
__________________________________________________________________________
60. What should you do when cooking eggs? (No more than 8 words)
__________________________________________________________________________

【参考答案】
56. They like to cook outdoors.
57. 3000.
58. Information on food safety. / Food safety.
59. Email, live chats and social media sites.
60. (We should) make sure the yolks are fresh.
二、评分意见
1. 意思相符，语法、结构正确，拼写无误，得2分。
2. 每题按5个档次给分，依次为0分、0.5分、1分、1.5分和2分。
3. 语法与拼写错误，错误1到2个，扣0.5分，3个及3个以上扣1分；相同错误按1个计算。大小写和标点出错原则上不扣分。
4. 超出字数扣0.5分。