虚拟语气总结教学提纲.doc

虚拟语气总结

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虚拟语气：分两大类（假设类　、　缓和语气类）

一．　假设类 (虚拟手段：倒推时态)
１．　if 从句 (虚拟手段：倒推时态)
假设　　　　　　　　　　　　结果
过去if had done， would/ should / could / might have done
现在if did / were, would/ should / could / might do
将来if were to do/ should do, would/ should / could / might do　（不可能，不希望发生）
将来if does/ is　（真）, will　 do　　　　　　　（有可能发生）
注意：１）省if ，要倒装
　　　２）　if 从句　被　以下替代：unless, otherwise, but for, supposing, without
Unless you were to order him, he wouldn’t do. = If you were not to order him, he wouldn’t do.
Fortunately I had my calculator with me. Otherwise (=if I hadn’t had my calculator with me), it would have taken a much longer time to get the job done.
But for the heavy rain (= If it had not rained heavily), we would / could have arrived in time.
Supposing I accepted this offer, what would you do?
Without/but for his help, we wouldn’t have finished the job in time.

２） 　for fear (that), in case (that), lest (that) 从句　（其实＝if 从句中的将来不希望发生）
(虚拟手段：倒推时态--. 过去将来时“should do”)
He’s working hard for fear that/lest that he should fall behind。
What would you do in case your house should catch fire　
（in case your house should catch fire = if your house should catch fire）

3)as if / as though 从句(虚拟手段：倒推时态)
She treats him as if he were her son.
She looks as if she is ill. （真）
She looks as if she were ill. （假）

4)　wish 从句 I wish I had been there. ( wish + 从句 要虚拟 (虚拟手段：倒推时态)
对比：I wish you a happy new year. （wish + sb + sth） 与虚拟无关
I wish to see you there. ( wish + to do) 与虚拟无关

5） would rather/would sooner/ had better + 从句 (虚拟手段：倒推时态)
Do you mind if I smoke?
-- Yes, I do (mind). 或 -- I’d rather you didn’t
　对比：I would rather sing than dance. （would rather 直接+ do）
提示：would rather/would sooner/ had better + 从句 = wish + 从句
I’d rather you didn’t = I wish you didn’t (smoke)

6) If only + 从句 (虚拟手段：倒推时态)
If only I were a bird.
提示：if only + 从句 = wish + 从句
If only I were a bird. = I wish I were a bird

7) It’s (about/ high/just/ right) time + 从句 (虚拟手段：倒推时态)
It’s time he left. c.f. it’s time for him to leave.

一．　缓和语气类 (虚拟手段：从句里省should)

1. 表示把意愿说给别人听的动词（以下分类的依据是口气强硬度不同），后面+ 从句 （should ） do

command order demand
insist maintain (= keep suggesting/ requiring) + 从句 （should ） do
request, require, ask, desire
suggest, advise, propose…
e.g. I suggest that he (should) be sent to the hospital as soon as possible.

2. 由上述动词变成的名词，后面+ 从句 （should ） do
e.g. My suggestion is that he (should) be sent to the hospital as soon as possible.

3. 由上述动词变成的形容词以及由此引申的形容词，后面+ 从句 （should ） do
e.g. it’s advisable that he (should) be sent to the hospital as soon as possible.
It’s natural, necessary, essential, imperative, important, vital, crucial, natural, decisive,
significant, insistent, desirable, advisable. that …..
e.g. What is vital is that he (should) be sent to the hospital as soon as possible.

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