广东省广州实验中学2022届高三上学期第二次阶段性考试英语试卷-Word版含答案.docx

广东试验中学2021—2022学年（上）高三级阶段考（二）
英 语
本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共8页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。
留意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卷上。
2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦洁净后，再选涂其它答案。
3．非选择题必需用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必需写在另发的答题卷各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液.不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4．考生必需保持答题卷的洁净，考试结束后，将答题卷和答题卡收回。

第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Give it five minutes
I used to be a hothead. Whenever anyone said anything, I’d think of a way to disagree. I’d push back hard if something didn’t fit my world-view.
It’s like I had to be first with an opinion — as if being first meant something. But what it really meant was that I wasn’t thinking hard enough about the problem. The faster you react, the less you think. Not always, but often.
This came to a head back in 2007. I was speaking at the Business Innovation Factory conference in Providence, RI. So was Richard Saul Wurman. After my talk Richard came up to introduce himself and compliment my talk. That was very generous of him. He certainly didn’t have to do that.
And what did I do? I pushed back at him about the talk he gave. While he was making his points on stage, I was taking an inventory of the things I didn’t agree with. And when presented with an opportunity to speak with him, I quickly pushed back at some of his ideas. I must have seemed like such an asshole.
His response changed my life. It was a simple thing. He said “Man, give it five minutes.” I asked him what he meant by that? He said, it’s fine to disagree, it’s fine to push back, it’s great to have strong opinions and beliefs, but give my ideas some time to set in before you’re sure you want to argue against them. “Five minutes” represented “think”, not react. He was totally right. I came into the discussion looking to prove something, not learn something.
This was a big moment for me.
Richard has spent his career thinking about these problems. He’s given it 30 years. And I gave it just a few minutes. Now, certainly he can be wrong and I could be right, but it’s better to think deeply about something first before being so certain you’re right.
There’s also a difference between asking questions and pushing back. Pushing back means you already think you know. Asking questions means you want to know. Ask more questions.
Learning to think first rather than react quick is a life-long pursuit. It’s tough. I still get hot sometimes when I shouldn’t. But I’m really enjoying all the benefits of getting better.
If you aren’t sure why this is important, think about this quote from Jonathan Ive regarding Steve Jobs’ reverence(respect) for ideas:
And just as Steve loved ideas, and loved making stuff, he treated the process of creativity with a rare and a wonderful reverence. You see, I think he better than anyone understood that while ideas ultimately can be so powerful, they begin as fragile, barely formed thoughts, so easily missed, so easily compromised, so easily just squished.
That’s deep. Ideas are fragile. They often start powerless. They’re barely there, so easy to ignore or skip or miss.
There are two things in this world that take no skill: 1. Spending other people’s money and 2. Dismissing an idea.
Dismissing an idea is so easy because it doesn’t involve any work. You can scoff at it. You can ignore it. You can puff some smoke at it. That’s easy. The hard thing to do is protect it, think about it, let it marinate, explore it, riff on it, and try it. The right idea could start out life as the wrong idea.
So next time you hear something, or someone, talk about an idea, pitch an idea, or suggest an idea, give it five minutes. Think about it a little bit before pushing back, before saying it’s too hard or it’s too much work.
Those things may be true, but there may be another truth in there too: It may be worth it.
1. Which of the following best describes the word hothead from the first paragraph?
A. Supportive B. Fast C. Nervous D. Aggressive
2. What did the author do while Richard was talking in the business conference?
A. He kept notes for things that he did not agree with. B. He pushed Richard and beat him.
C. He was preparing for his own speech. D. He was getting ready to compliment him.
3. Which of the following is the reason for quoting Jonathan Ive?
A. The author thinks Steve Jobs is the best when it comes to creativity.
B. The author is inspired by Steve Job's attitude towards new ideas.
C. The author respects Steve Job because he is creative and he likes ideas.
D. The author thinks Steve Job has ideas that are strong and powerful and are hard to miss.
4. What is the core argument that the author put forward?
A. Dismissing ideas is an effortless thing to do so you should always protect ideas carefully.
B. The right idea always starts from a wrong idea and you need to protect it from being dismissed.
C. One should be careful when it comes to judge a new idea.
D. Every idea, whether powerful or fragile, deserves five minutes

B
Bats are impressive creatures. They are known to carry dangerous diseases like SARS without getting sick.
So researchers wanted to know: How do bats fight off so many deadly diseases? Learning their secret could help doctors better treat humans who have these diseases, therefore saving millions of lives.
To solve this problem, a team of researchers from Australia and China analyzed bat DNA. The scientists studied two kinds of bats—the Australian megabat, known as the flying fox, and the Chinese microbat. The scientists then arranged the bat genome (基因组) in order by comparing their DNA.
The researchers now think that the special immunity (免疫性) to illness that bats have may be connected to their ability to fly.
Bats are the only mammals (哺乳动物) that can truly fly. Flying uses up a lot of energy. The energy burned for flying produces something in the animal called free radicals (自由基). Free radicals can damage DNA and lead to diseases such as cancer.
However, bats are not affected by free radicals produced during flight. The reason is that bats carry special genes to repair any damaged DNA.
Scientists think that because bats fly and produce free radicals, they’ve evolved to carry genes that shaped their special immune system.
“We’re thinking that the evolution of flight led to a sort of effect, influencing not only the immune system but also things like aging and cancer,” says Chris Cowled, of the Australian Animal Health Laboratory. “We think we’ve really found something special.”
Researchers believe that this discovery might one day be key to helping humans fight diseases such as cancer that attack the immune system and damage DNA.
5. What’s true about bats according to the passage?
A. They carry many deadly diseases like SARS so it’s easy for them to get sick.
B. Bats are the only animals that can tell directions easily.
C. Bats are among the mammals that can truly fly.
D. Researchers studied bats to help save people.
6. According to researchers, bats can fight off many deadly diseases mainly because ________.
A. they have developed special immune system through evolution
B. they are able to fly, which burns a lot of energy
C. free radicals in their bodies can damage DNA and cause diseases
D. they carry no special genes to repair damaged DNA
7. The passage is mainly about ________.
A. bats and dangerous diseases B. bats and their special immune system
C. free radicals and immune system D. ways to cure cancer

C
Throughout history there have always been people who can make other people laugh. Early clowns (小丑) often both annoyed and delighted audiences with their comments and songs. They were not the silent performers seen in today’s circus rings (马戏场). Clowns lost their voices when the large three-ring circuses made it impossible for the audience to hear them.
Circus clowns give performances in various ways. Walk-around clowns use an animal or something as part of their performance. A carpet clown moves around, talking with the audience and performing while the acts change in the rings. Then there are acrobatic clowns, riding clowns, juggling clowns and others.
Everything a clown does looks easy, but it’s not. Making people laugh can be hard work. Clowns must be in good physical condition to prevent injuries. Each funny move is carefully timed and well-practiced. Most clowns have also been trained as acrobats, jugglers or aerial artists, and many include such skills into their acts.
Generally, there are three categories of circus clowns—whiteface, auguste and character. Each has a special makeup style and costume. Each has a typical act as well.
The neat whiteface is usually a strict, in-charge character who sets up the punch line (the point of a joke) for the joke with a partner who is typically an auguste. His facial features are neatly detailed in red or black, and his costumes look so loose with a ruffle around the neck.
Auguste clown got his name from a German nickname for someone who is clumsy. The auguste wears light-colored makeup, but white is used around the mouth and eyes, and there’s a big red nose. This clown performs a great deal of humor. An oversized suit or baggy trousers allow free movement for all the clumsy acts. He also wears big shoes.
Character clowns perform as different personalities—cowboys, grandmothers or concert conductors. The most famous character clown, however, is the tramp. Tramps wear different styles of makeup and torn costumes. Some tramp clowns are happy-go-lucky. Others are extremely sad. Still others act like gentlemen who just happen to be out of money.
Clowns have a long and interesting history and use serious techniques. However, the children and adults at the circus don’t need to know these facts to get ready for fun when they hear “Bring in the clowns!”
8. According to the Paragraph 1, why did clowns lose their voices?
A. Because they wanted to avoid annoying audiences.
B. Because there were only a few audiences in the ring.
C. Because audiences often spoke louder than clowns.
D. Because they could not be heard in the three-ring circuses.
9. If a clown is dressed in baggy clothing, which type of clown does he belong to?
A. The auguste or the whiteface B. The whiteface or the character
C. The auguste or the character D. The riding clown or the tramp
10. What makes the character clowns different?
A. He plays a leading role in performances. B. He wears more attractive make-up.
C. He performs in a more funny way. D. He acts in different characters.
11. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The long history of clowns. B. Varied opinions on clowns.
C. Some basic facts about clowns. D. Three different types of clowns.

D
Can you be too beautiful? It is hardly a problem that most of us have to bother — as much as we might like to dream that it were the case.
Yet the blessings and curses of beauty have been a long-standing interest in psychology. Do those blessed with shiny faces and an attractive body live in a cloud of appreciation — or does it sometimes pay to be ordinary?
Combing through decades of findings, social psychologists Lisa Slattery Walker and Tonya Frevert at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte have reviewed all the evidence to date and their conclusions are not what you might expect.
At the most basic level, beauty might be thought to carry a kind of halo(光环) around it; we see that someone has one good quality, and by association, our deep mind may assume that they have other good ones too.
Even in the courts, a pleasing appearance can work its magic. Attractive criminals are likely to get less strict sentences, or to escape punishment entirely; attractive plaintiffs(原告), meanwhile, are more likely to win their case and get bigger financial settlements. “It’s an effect seen everywhere,” says Walker.
But if beauty pays in most circumstances, there are still situations where it can have opposite results. While attractive men may be considered better leaders, for instance, hidden sexist prejudices(偏见) can work against attractive women, making them less likely to be hired for high-level jobs that require power. And as you might expect, good-looking people of both sexes run into envy — one study found that if you are interviewed by someone of the same sex, they may be less likely to employ you if they judge that you are more attractive than they are.
More worryingly, being beautiful or handsome could harm your medical care. We tend to link good looks to health, meaning that illnesses are often taken less seriously when they affect the good-looking. When treating people for pain, for instance, doctors tend to take less care over the more attractive people.
And the bubble of beauty can be a somewhat lonely place. One study in 1975, for instance, found that people tend to move further away from a beautiful woman on the pathway — perhaps as a mark of respect, but still making interaction more distant. “Attractiveness can convey more power over visible space — but that in turn can make others feel they can’t approach that person,” says Frevert. Interestingly, the online dating website OKCupid recently reported that people with the most beautiful pictures are less likely to find dates than those with less perfect pictures. 
Ultimately, Frevert points out that focusing too much on your appearance can itself be harmful if it creates stress and anxiety — even for those already blessed with good looks. “If you are crazy about attractiveness, it may affect your experience and interactions,” she says. It’s an outdated saying, but no amount of beauty can make up for a bad personality. As the writer Dorothy Parker put it so elegantly: “Beauty is only skin deep, but ugly goes clean to the bone.”
12. From paragraph 1, we can learn that _______.
A. some may be bothered by their unattractive appearance
B. most people are not afraid of being too beautiful
C. we might always dream about being bothered by others
D. being too beautiful can be a problem bothering everyone
13. Which is the benefit for beautiful people?
A. An attractive plaintiff has more chances to get away with punishment.
B. Women with pleasing appearance will always be considered as better leaders.
C. Good-looking people are often regarded as having many good qualities.
D. Beautiful criminals are more likely to persuade the judge and win the case.
14. What can be inferred from OKCupid’s finding?
A. People with perfect pictures will find dates sooner or later.
B. Less attractive women are lonely because of their appearances.
C. We may feel more excited to approach those with attractive appearances.
D. Don’t use perfect pictures when trying to find dates online.
15. What might be the best title for the passage?
A. Negative Sides of Beauty B. Sexist Prejudice
C. Blessed with Beauty