资源描述
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
体裁：说明文 话题：公民科学 时间：7分钟
Citizen science is a term used for projects or ongoing programs of scientific work in which individual volunteers or networks of volunteers，many of whom may have no specific scientific training，perform or manage researchrelated tasks such as observation，measurement or computation.
An example of citizen science is a project called Project BudBurst.Over the past six growing seasons，Project BudBurst has used thousands of volunteer observers.They record when local plants develop their leaves，flowers and fruit.The observations go into a huge database.Then plant scientists can study the data to look for changes over time.Project director Sandra Henderson says participatory science like this is an idea that is growing quickly.
For example，people who enjoy astronomy can observe changes in the brightness of a star.People can examine satellite images of Earth to look for sites where archeologists might find the lost tomb of Genghis Khan，the Mongolian warrior and ruler.Or someone interested in orca whales can listen to underwater microphones and let researchers know when the whales are present.Thousands of Americans and Canadians volunteered to count birds this past migration season as part of Project FeederWatch.Another area where citizen science has grown is in testing water.Amanda Bruner coordinates SoundCitizen，a project based at the University of Washington campus in Tacoma.It keeps track of pollutants in Puget Sound.
Some people，including scientists，still question whether average citizens can collect reliable data.New digital tools can help settle questions about data quality，and make it easier for people to take part in citizen science.
Public health research is another area where average citizens are getting involved—in some cases，whether researchers like it or not.The idea is for the public to have a voice in how public health studies are done.There is even a saying for this kind of activism：“No more research about us without us.”
【语篇导读】 本文属于科普类说明文，主要介绍了公民科学的含义以及人们对它的看法。
1．Who are the participants involved in citizen science?
A．Professional scientists who have retired.
B．The public showing interest in some science projects.
C．Citizens who have specific scientific training.
D．Students wanting to be scientists.
解析 细节理解题。依据文章内容可知，公民科学的参与者是对一些科学项目有爱好的民众，他们中很多人并没有接受过特定的培训。故B项正确。
答案 B
2．According to the passage，if you are interested in plants，you may take part in ______.
A．Project BudBurst
B．Project FeederWatch
C．SoundCitizen
D．public health research
解析 细节理解题。依据其次段中的“They record when local plants develop their leaves，flowers and fruit...Then plant scientists can study the data to look for changes over time.”可知答案为A。
答案 A
3．From Paragraph 3，we can infer that ______.
A．citizen science develops quickly and includes many fields
B．there is no need for professional scientists to do research
C．observation is the only method to do citizen science
D．citizen science has grown in testing water
解析 推理推断题。依据其次段末尾句和第三段所述内容可推知，citizen science进展快速且所涉领域很广，故A项正确。D属于明示信息，不属于推论。
答案 A
4．What can help get reliable data in citizen science?
A．Specific scientific training.
B．More participation of the public.
C．Greater social support.
D．New digital tools.
解析 细节理解题。依据倒数其次段最终一句“New digital tools can help...take part in citizen science.”可知答案为D。
答案 D
【长难句解读】
原文 Citizen science is a term used for projects or ongoing programs of scientific work in which individual volunteers or networks of volunteers，many of whom may have no specific scientific training，perform or manage researchrelated tasks such as observation，measurement or computation.
译文 公民科学用于指那些处理科学工作的工程或持续进行的项目，参与其中的是一些个人志愿者或志愿者群体，他们中很多人可能没有经过特定的科学训练，而执行或者管理与科学争辩有关的一些任务，如观看、测量或计算。
分析 定语从句“in which individual volunteers or networks of volunteers...or computation”为限制性定语从句，修饰“projects or ongoing programs of scientific work”，这确定语从句的主语“individual volunteers or networks of volunteers”又被many of whom 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰。
阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
【广东省2022届高三考前冲刺卷(七)】A
Plants that live in the rainforest have adapted in amazing ways to several very difficult conditions.This means that the plant has changed something in its “body” or “habits” to make it easier to survive in difficult conditions.There are several conditions they have had to adapt to.First，the soil of the forest floor is shallow.Also，the soil of the rainforest is not very rich，or easy to grow in.Next is the problem of very heavy rain which continues over a large part of the year.Finally，many plants of the rainforest are food for animals that live there.
The biggest problem that rainforest plants have to adapt to is the lack of sunlight in the rainforest’s lower levels.Plants have adapted to this problem in several ways.Many plants have very large leaves.The large leaf is helpful because it has a bigger surface area.The bigger surface area a leaf has，the more sunlight it can absorb.The canopy trees adapt by growing to be 100 feet tall so that their leaves can grab all available sunlight.Other plants called lianas (climbing woody vines) have adapted by rooting themselves in the soil of the forest floor and growing up the trees until they reach the canopy layer.Still other plants，such as epiphytes，have adapted by growing directly on the trees’trunks and branches in the canopy and understory layers of the rainforest.
An adaptation to the large amounts of rainfall that many rainforest plants have is called “drip tips”．Their leaves are tapered (渐渐变细) to a sharp point at the end.This allows water to run off the leaf quickly.There are many other adaptations that rainforest plants have made to their environment.These will be discussed in detail，as we investigate the plants of the rainforest!
26．Which of the following is a difficulty that the rainforest plants have to face?
A．Changes in their “body” or “habits”．
B．Soil that is not very deep.
C．Epiphytes that grow on trees’trunks.
D．The worsening of the natural environment.
27．How do lianas adapt to the environment in the rainforest?
A．They grow under big leaves for protection.
B．They rely on other plants to reach the canopy layer.
C．They change their leaf structure constantly.
D．They grow on other plants’branches.
28．The underlined word “This” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to ________.
A．the takein of sunlight
B．the large amounts of rainfall
C．the leaves’ having a sharp point at the end
D．water’s running off the leaves quickly
29．What can be inferred about rainforest plants?
A．They have to face dangers not only from animals but also from each other.
B．Too little sunlight and too much water are the biggest problems they face.
C．Different kinds of plants have different ways to absorb sunlight.
D．All of their adaptations have been investigated in detail.
30．What would be the best title of the passage?
A．How do Plants Adapt to the Rainforests?
B．Why do Plants Change Themselves?
C．What Kind of Plants Is the Most Adaptable?
D．What Is the Best Place for Plants to Live in?
26．B [细节理解题。依据第一段的“First，the soil of the forest floor is shallow.”，可知B为答案。]
27．B [细节理解题。依据其次段的“Other plants called lianas...growing up the trees until they reach the canopy layer.”可知答案为B。]
28．C [词义猜想题。this指代的是前面提到的“Their leaves are tapered to a sharp point at the end.”。D项是转变后的结果。]
29．C [推理推断题。依据其次段的“Plants have adapted to this problem in several ways.”及后来列举的不同植物的适应方法可推出C为正确答案。]
30．A [主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了热带雨林中一些植物是如何适应那里困难的生存条件的。]
【广东省2022届高三考前冲刺卷(七)】B
Some people make you feel comfortable when they are around.You spend an hour with them and feel as if you have known them half your life.These people have something in common.And once we know what it is，we can try to do it ourselves.
How is it done? Here are several skills that good talkers have.If you follow the skills，they’ll help you put people at their ease，and make friends with them quickly.
First of all，good talkers ask questions.Almost anyone，no matter how shy he is，will answer a question.One wellknown businesswoman says，“At business lunches，I always ask people what they did that morning.It’s a common question，but it will get things going.” From there you can move on to other matters—sometimes to really personal questions.And how he answers will let you know how far you can go.
Second，once good talkers have asked questions，they listen to the answers.This point seems clear，but it isn’t.Your questions should have a point and help to tell what sort of person you are talking to.And to find out，you really have to listen carefully and attentively.
Real listening at least means some things.First it means not to change the subject of conversation.If someone sticks to one topic，you can take it as a fact that he’s really interested in it.Real listening also means not just listening to words，but to tones of voice.If the voice sounds dull，then，it’s time for you to change the subject.
Finally，good talkers know well how to deal with the occasion of parting.If you’re saying goodbye，you may give him a firm handshake and say，“I’ve really enjoyed meeting you.” If you want to see that person again，don’t keep it a secret.Let people know what you feel，and they may walk away feeling as if they’ve known you half their life.
31．Asking questions might be a quite good and suitable way ________.
A．for you to make more and more new friends
B．to begin your business talks
C．to get the conversation going smoothly
D．for you to make a deep and lasting impression on others
32．After having asked somebody a question，it’ll be polite of you to ________.
A．make clear what kind of person he is
B．listen to his reply attentively
C．wait quietly and patiently for his answer
D．go on asking him more questions
33．Generally speaking，good talkers are people who ______.
A．are good at making any topic interesting
B．never talk too much or too little
C．always speak in a gentle way
D．know how and when they should change the topic of the talk
34．If you really take delight in meeting someone again，______.
A．you may take him as your lifelong trustworthy friend
B．it seems necessary for you to let him know it
C．it’s proper for you to give him a second handshake
D．it’ll be helpful for you to have further understanding of him
35．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．How to make people comfortable.
B．How to be a good talker.
C．How to make people at ease by talking.
D．How to find suitable topics to talk.
31．C [推理推断题。从第三段倒数其次句“From there you can move on to other matters—sometimes to really personal questions.”可知问问题可以使谈话自然进行下去，故答案为C项。]
32．B [细节理解题。从第四段最终一句“And to find out，you really have to listen carefully and attentively.”可知B项正确。]
33．D [细节理解题。从第五段最终两句“Real listening also means not just listening to words，but to tones of voice.If the voice sounds dull，then，it’s time for you to change the subject.”可知D项正确。]
34．B [细节理解题。从最终一段第三句“If you want to see that person again，don’t keep it a secret.”可知B项正确。]
35．C [主旨大意题。本文是说明文，第一、其次两段是主题段。归纳可知答案为C项。]
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The $ 11 billion self – help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “ I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed.” But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?
Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply stress how unhappy they are.
The study's authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is too positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your stupid friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you're just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the authors were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.
In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-respect. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, "I am lovable."
Those with low self-respect didn't feel better after the forced self-affirmation(自我确定). In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren't urged to think positive thoughts.
The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Instead, meditation (静思) techniques can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic way. Call it the power of negative thinking.
41. What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry?
A. It was established by Norman Vincent Peale.
B. It is a highly profitable industry.
C. It is based on the concept of positive thinking.
D. It has provided positive results.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。原文定位于首段第一句“The $ 11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right”into positive ones like “I can succeed.”选项中的based on与文中的built on同义。
42. What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?
A. There can be no simple treatment for psychological problems.
B. The power of positive thinking is limited.
C. Unhappy people cannot think positively.
D. Encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good.
【答案】D
【解析】原文定位为其次段：“Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have opposite effect;”之后，作者在下一段又再次强调了这一观点“older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse , not better.” cause of a tragedy与选项中的cause of the crash全都。抓住关键词“opposite effect；feel worse , not better”，答案即可一目了然。
43. What does the author mean by "… you're just underlining his faults" (Para. 3)?
A. You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent.
B. You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.
C. You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.
D. You are pointing out the errors he has committed.
【答案】A
【解析】与答案较为相近的是选项D。本题关键是正确理解文章中两个单词“underline（加强，强调）”与“dim（迟钝的，愚笨的）”。选项D中的point out是“指出”之意，与文章中的underlining意思不符。
44. It can be inferred from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic that________.
A. It is important for people to continually boost their self-respect.
B. Self-affirmation can bring a positive ch
展开阅读全文
浙ICP备2021020529号-1 | 浙B2-20240490 
