高考英语形容词与副词考点归纳教学文案.doc

精品文档高考英语形容词与副词考点归纳一、形容词和副词的基本用法A形容词：就是用来修饰名词或不定代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。形容词主要作定语、表语、补语。如：1. This is a new pen. 这是支新钢笔。(形容词new作名词pen定语)2. These oranges taste _. (全国卷) A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well【分析】答案选A。系动词taste(尝起来)后要接形容词作表语。3. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes _. (全国卷)A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening【分析】答案选A。形容词open(开着的)作宾补，表示状态。注意：不要选答案D，因为open是短暂性动词，不能表状态。B副词：就是修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或全句，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词在句中主要作状语。如：Its raining heavily. 雨下得很大。(副词heavily修饰谓语动词)Its a rather interesting job. 这是一份相当有趣的工作。(副词rather修饰形容词interesting)She speaks English very well. 她的英语说得很好。(副词very修饰副词well)This is just what he said. 这正是他所说的。(副词just修饰what he said)注：here, there, in, out, away, abroad等少数副词也可以作表语；here, there, home, abroad, below等表示地点或方位的词及today, tomorrow, yesterday, back, out等表示时间或动词方向词还可以作定语。如：Tom isnt here. 汤姆不在这里。(here作表语)The people there were very kind to us. 那里的人对我们很友好。(副词there作定语，修饰people)二、定语形容词与表语形容词A表语形容词：有的形容词一般只作表语，如表示健康状况的well, unwell, ill, faint，表示情感反应的glad, sorry, fond, worth, able，以a开头的afraid, alone, asleep, alive, awake, alike, ashamed等。但有的可作后置定语或补语。B定语形容词：通常只作定语的形容词，如起强调作用的only(唯一的), single(唯一的), certain(某一), real(真正的), true(真正的), very(正是), live(活的), exact(准确的), present(在场的)，由名词等转化而来的wooden(木制的), woolen(羊毛制的), drunken(醉的), medical, daily, weekly, electric, former(前任的), some, any, little, many, 及one-eyed之类的复合形容词等。如：This is a medical school. (不说This school is medical. ) 三、形容词作定语的后置规律 形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但是在下列情况下作定语的形容词却要位于所修饰的名词之后：A形容词短语作定语时要后置。如：_ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (全国卷)A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave【分析】答案选C。enough修饰形容词时要位于形容词之后，排除B和D。brave enough to是形容词短语作定语，修饰students，要置于名词students之后。B表语形容词作定语要后置。如：All the people _ at the party were his supporters. (北京卷)A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important【分析】答案选A。表语形容词present(出席的、在场的)作定语，要放在所修饰的名词后。C形容词修饰不定代词something, anything, nothing等时，要位于后面。如：Is there anything important in the paper? 报纸上有什么重要新闻吗？四、多个形容词作定语的排序多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘性形容词+表示大小(长短、高低)、形状、年龄(新旧)的形容词+表颜色的形容词+表国籍或产地的形容词+表物质材料的形容词+表类别或用途的形容词+名词。如：1. John Smith, a successful businessman, has a _ car. (辽宁卷)A. large German whiteB. large white German C. white large GermanD. German large white 【分析】答案选B。按“大小+颜色+产地”的顺序排列。2. _ students are required to take part in the boat race. (浙江卷)A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong youngC. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese【分析】答案选A。数词是限定词，应排在形容词前，排除C和D；又strong是描绘，young是年龄，Chinese是国籍，其先后应为“描绘年龄国籍”。 3. The _ house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years. (江苏卷)A. little white wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white little【分析】答案选A。little是限定词，应放在形容词前面，排除C和D；表示颜色的应放在表示物质材料的形容词的前面，排除B。注：限定词的排序：前位限定词 (指量限定词all, both, half等；倍数词double, twice等；分数词one-third, two-fifths等) +中位限定词 (冠词；指示代词；形容词性物主代词；名词所有格)+后位限定词 (序数词及last, next等；基数词及few, several等)。如：1. The husband gave his wife _ every month in order to please her. (重庆卷)A. all half his incomeB. his half all income C. half his all incomeD. all his half income【分析】答案选A。all和half都是前位限定词，his是中位限定词，所以his要位于all和half之后，只有A正确。2. How was your recent visit to Qingdao?It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the _ days at the seaside. (全国卷)A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny fewD. few sunny last【分析】答案选B。last, few是限定词，sunny是描绘性形容词，根据“限定词+形容词”的原则，排除C和D。又根据“序数词(包括last, past, next, another等)+基数词(包括few, several等)”的原则，排除A。五、副词在句中的位置规律 1) 副词修饰形容词或其它副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。如：1. Mum, I think Im _ to get back to school. Not really, my dear. Youd better stay at home for another day or two. (全国卷)A. so wellB. so good C. well enoughD. good enough【分析】答案选C。指“身体好”用形容词well (=healthy)而不用good；副词enough修饰形容词时，要位于形容词之后。2. If I had _, Id visit Europe, stopping at the small interesting places. (全国卷)A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough【分析】答案选A。enough要放在形容词long之后。3. _, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless. (上海卷)A. Strangely enoughB. Enough strangely C. Strange enough D. Enough strange【分析】答案选A。修饰整个句子，要用副词，排除C和D；副词enough应放在它所修饰的副词strangely的后面，所以选A。（三）DIY手工艺品的“自助化”2) 频度副词always, usually, often, never等一般放在行为动词前，或者情态动词、助动词或be动词之后。如：She always gets up early. 她总是起得早。(副词always放在行为动词gets之前)She is seldom late for school. 他很少上学迟到。(副词seldom放在be动词之后)3) 词表示地点的副词常放在句末；表示确定时间的副词放在句首或句末；表示方式的副词词通常放在“动词(+宾语)”之后，也可放在其它位置；同时有表示时间、地点和方式的副词时，其顺序一般为：方式地点时间。如：我们大学生没有固定的经济来源，但我们也不乏缺少潮流时尚的理念，没有哪个女生是不喜欢琳琅满目的小饰品，珠光宝气、穿金戴银便是时尚的时代早已被推出轨道，简洁、个性化的饰品成为现代时尚女性的钟爱。因此饰品这一行总是吸引很多投资者的目光。然而我们女生更注重的是感性消费，我们的消费欲望往往建立在潮流、时尚和产品的新颖性上，所以要想在饰品行业有立足之地，又尚未具备雄厚的资金条件的话，就有必要与传统首饰区别开来，自制饰品就是近一两年来沿海城市最新流行的一种。_ I went to the railway station to see my friend off. (全国卷)A. After eating quickly my dinner B. After my quickly eating dinner调研课题：C. After eating my dinner quickly D. After eating my quickly dinner【分析】答案选C。方式副词一般位于“动词(+宾语)”之后。（四）大学生对手工艺制品消费的要求六、ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别 1、你一个月的零用钱大约是多少？-ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到”；-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人”或“令人的(事物)”。这样成对的形容词有：interested / interesting; excited / exciting; frightened / frightening; surprised / surprising; pleased / pleasing; moved / moving; disappointed / disappointing等。1. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. (重庆卷)5、你认为一件DIY手工艺制品在什么价位可以接受？A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry【分析】答案选A。表示人“感到忧虑的”用-ed形容词。句意是：法律使得做父母的感到忧虑。2. It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. 我们长期呆在校园里，没有工作收入一直都是靠父母生活，在资金方面会表现的比较棘手。不过，对我们的小店来说还好，因为我们不需要太多的投资。A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest【分析】答案选D。指书令人有趣用interesting而不interested，排除A和C。interest是动词，“使有趣”。注：即使-ed形容词用以说明事物，那也是指与该事物相关的人；即使-ing形容词用以说明人，也是指此人具有该性质或特征。如： He told me the news in an excited voice. 他告诉了那个消息，声音很激动。创新是时下非常流行的一个词，确实创新能力是相当重要的特别是对我们这种经营时尚饰品的小店，更应该勇于创新。在这方面我们是很欠缺的，故我们在小店经营的时候会遇到些困难，不过我们会克服困难，努力创新，把我们的小店经营好。The man is interesting. 这个有很有趣。2、价格“适中化”另外，glad, happy, sorry, angry, thankful, proud等的主语也只能是人；而pleasant, easy, difficult, important等则通常以事物或it作主语，因为它们是说明事物的。如：Im very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. Mn, it does have a _ smell. (北京卷)附件（一）：A. pleasant; pleasedB. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasantD. pleased; pleasant【分析】答案选D。pleased指“(人)感到高兴”，pleasant指“令人愉快的(事物)”。精品文档