高考短文改错解题技巧教程文件.doc

高考短文改错解题技巧

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高中英语短文改错解题策略
设错基本原则
绝大多数情况下，短文改错题设错为：多一个词(约1题)、少一个词(约1题)、错一个词(约8题)。

常见错误类型
1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有：
① 现在时与过去时混用； ② and前后动词时态不一致；
③ 主谓不一致； ④ 缺少谓语动词，特别是be动词；
⑤ 第三人称单数形式错用； ⑥ 主动语态和被动语态错用。

1) They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies.
2) As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.
3) One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.
4) There will an important game next month.
5) For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use.
6) But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability.

◆讲练结合
时态错误
主从句时态的不一致，或某一时态与文章主体时态不一致
1. I knew that they will be worried about me because I was so far away.
2. Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less.
3. You always held me in your arms and told me stories till I fall asleep.
4. My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when I visit Beijing last month.
5. Thank you for all you had done for me.
6. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, "That's it. No more toys for you.
7. She said it was the best gift she has ever had.

8. My teachers have been telling me how great my writing was. So if what they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize.
9. We became friends shortly after we meet each other.
10. At that time, we often spend time together.
11. Friends are those you like and trust, and you will enjoy every minute you spent with them.
12. Our food arrived with a note. It reads, “Your lunch has been paid for. …”
13. One day in the restaurant where I worked, I am serving a table of four.
14. She knows what had happened, thanked me and never mentioned it again.
15. My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping the other day.

主谓不一致
1. Now my friend Ann, together with me, are going to do field study.
2. What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room.
3. After hearing your sad stories, he will say some words that is nice and warm.
4. What were better, I had useful help.
5. Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like.

2. 名词的常见错误
单复数名词错用；注意区分名词是可数还是不可数；或根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。
① I’ll get good marks in all my subject.
② Their word were a great encouragement to me.
③ Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.
◆讲练结合
可数名词单数前未加a / an
1. I still remember when I was child, you always held me in your arms.
2. It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friends of mine.
3. There was Uncle Chen, gentleman living near my house, who was very famous writer.
4. Besides, a friend is always good listener when you need one.
5. If you’d like to make trip to our city some day, I will be more than happy to be your guide.
6. My friend Nick told me story about his experience back in US.
7. ...and after that I would go to Xiamen for holiday.
8. My brother and I thought we would give ourselves a treat at restaurant.
9. I noticed Mother looking at a nearby table occupied by an elderly woman and young couple.

名词复数误用成单数形式
1. I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two week.
2. The food was wonderful with reasonable price and we enjoyed several local dish.
3. You told me the name of different plants and their characteristics.
4. We, as well as animal, cannot live without water.
5. I destroyed each of my toy.
6. Mom, I know I have never expressed my thank to you before.
7. Christie was one of my best friend at high school.
8. I came across a crew making a new film with one of my favourite actor.
9. Li Ming’s parents invited me to spend two wonderful week in Qingdao.
10. They take him lots of book and fresh fruit.
11. There are two girls here from my course and I plan to make friend with them.
12. Although her English is a little hard to understand, we enjoy chatting and we usually talk a lot about our own family.

不可数名词误用成复数形式
1. He agreed to read my story and give me some advices on how to write like a real writer.
2. It felt very strange to travel without any luggages.
3. While waiting for our food, we emptied all our small changes from our wallets on the table and counted it out.
4. Tom was having much troubles getting up in the morning and was always late for work.

3. 连词错误
连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/or/but/so/for/nor等
(一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether )
① I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei.
② I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.
③ Clever as she is, but she works very hard.

◆讲练结合
从属连词逻辑关系错误
1. I have been missing you very much after I went to college a year ago.
2. I think, we should first go all out to plant trees though trees will help save water.
3. Whenever I am, I will always love you.
4. It's been a week after we left your family and we are now back home.
5. But then a week after the trip, she suddenly announced that they wouldn’t take the holiday.

并列连词and/but/or/so/for等逻辑关系颠倒
1. I called my parents, so I did not tell them what had happened.
2. It is in the downtown areas, but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport.
3. His boss wanted to fire him if he didn’t start coming on time, but he went to the doctor for a help.
4. I didn’t have my camera with me at that, but I rushed back home to get it.
5. Last year I was ill, but had to stay in hospital for a week.

4. 冠词错误
误用或漏用a和an；误用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指；多余的冠词或少冠词)
① We may be one family and live under a same roof.
② As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of pants.
④ I hope you have pleasant journey.

5. 形容词和副词错误
1) 系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官系动词smell/feel)
2) 词性的误用：形容词修饰名词；副词修饰动词、形容词。
① I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.
② My pronunciation was terribly.

◆讲练结合
形容词和副词用法错位
形容词误作状语；副词误作定语、表语或宾补
1. Unfortunate, I had an accident and hit another car, and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two weeks.
2. We lived in a comfortably double room with a big bath.
3. Whenever I think of the old days, I feel very happily.
4. Still, your happiness makes him happily too.
5. Li Ming and I loved walking along the wonderfully beach.
6. Everyone else seems very nice and warmly here.
7. Nang is a specially kind of cake in Xinjiang.
8. It was a wonderfully surprise as nothing like that had happened to us.
9. She was, in fact, rather attractively, and she never seemed to care what the rest of us thought about her.
10. He had time for a properly breakfast and was still the first reach the factory.
11. They ate silently, and it was clearly that things were not going well.

6. 代词错误
1) 代词的主格和宾格(I/me; He/him; She/her; We/us; They/them )
2) 反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)
3) 代词的单数和复数
4) 多余的代词和少代词
① Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English.
② One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.
③ If any one of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out.
④ What’s more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.

◆讲练结合
主格与宾格混淆
1. After our final examinations, my brother and me thought we would give ourselves a treat at a restaurant.
2. Three years ago, Li Ming’s parents invited I to spend two weeks in Qingdao.
3. I said, “That was very nice of you, Mother. But I didn’t think she looked like Grandma.” “Neither did me.” said Mother cheerfully.

指代前后不一致
1. Many countries in the world find we don't have enough water.
2. I knew that they would be worried about myself because I was so far away.
3. I was happy when the toys worked, but when things went wrong, I got angry and broke it.
4. Nang is a special kind of cake in Xinjiang. I like them very much.
5. The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.
6. Thank you for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals.
7. And after many years, she passed her driving test and told her husband that he was going to drive him over to France for a holiday.
8. The doctor gave him some medicine and told him to take them before he went to bed.
9. As she did this ,lots of tea splashed on his T shirt!
10. I was about to answer him when I noticed that the last plate on the tray began to fall. They fell noisily to the floor.

7. 非谓语动词错误
1) 不定式，动名词作主语，宾语。
2) and连接的不定式或动名词前后一致(尤其距离较远时)，
3) 介词后用动名词ving形式作宾语。
4) 某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。
5) 现在分词与过去分词混淆。
① Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was….
② But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.
③ Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves.
④ I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees.
◆讲练结合
遗漏不定式符号to
1. My sister wanted get out of the shop.
2. She never seemed care what the rest of us thought about her.
3. It was a lesson to us that it was possible give without expecting anything.

现在分词与过去分词混淆不清
1. Therefore, I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil.
2. Third, we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing, especially bath water.
3. I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing.
4. I became interesting in biology and chose to learn biology when I entered into the college.
5. I am pleasing to that.
6. With a breaking leg, he was walking to school the other day.
7. My friend Nick told me a story about his experience in the US, which was very interested.

8. 介词错误
1) 词组中的介词误用，2) 介词意思理解偏差，3) 介词的多用或少用
① There are too many people among my family.
② I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.

◆讲练结合
介词后误用动词原形
1. I look forward to see her again in the near future.
2. It was a lesson to us that it was possible to give without expect anything.
3. After hear your sad stories, he will say some words that are nice and warm.

介词搭配不正确
1. I also shared for my friends many photos taken in Beijing.
2. Thank you so much by not only giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good person.
3. When I tore apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, "That's it. No more toys to you.
4. There was one on particular I’d always wanted.
5. “How did you change your mind?” he asked her by surprise.
6. As we left, Mother stopped on their table.
7. Luckily I had all my money on my pocket.
8. I plan to make friends with them so they we can help each other on the course work.
9. Tom was having much trouble getting up in the morning and was always late with work.

9. 常见行文逻辑错误
包括and、or、but前后的平行结构中词的形式与意义是否不一致；名词代词的性、数、格；句子的肯定、否定、推理判断等。
1. Thank you so much for not only giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good person.
2. One day he was having a yard sale and the old man living next door come by to help.
3. I would never be able to enjoy playing with the toy or faced my cousin again.
4. She is smiling at me but nodding at me.
5. Some students may also save up for our college or future use.
6. It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited.

10. 词形易混词
1. While I was walking home with one of my friends, a truck came to a stop besides us.
2. Although her English is a little hardly to understand, we enjoy chatting and we usually talk a lot about our own families.
3. I had to try hardly not to laugh at her shocked face.
4. She knew what had happened, thanked me and ever mentioned it again.

考点归纳
1) 句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有谓语动词；
2) 谓语动词的时态、语态；
3) 非谓语动词的用法；
4) 名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确；
5) 定冠词和不定冠词是否正确；
6) 代词的格和性别的使用是否有误；
7) 定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误；
8) 并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。
口诀：动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副；
非谓语，细辨别，习惯用法要记住；
句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注；冠词连词常光顾。
四原则：
1）改动以最少为原则 2）虚词以添加或删除为原则 3）实词以改变词形为原则
4）以保持句子原意为原则
注意要点
① 核对错项时，可以参考所改动项是否符合“181”比例。即多一词1个，缺词1个，错词8个。
② 核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。
③ 核对答题符号是否规范，位置是否准确，看看有无遗漏符号，忽略字母大写和拼写等问题。

练习：
（一）
   I’m the captain of our school team so with my fellow players

we’ve won several games. There will an important game next month.

But one of the best player in our team told me just then that he wouldn’t

play basketball once more. His parents asked him to spend in more time

preparing for the  college entrance examination. I feel sorry to him.    

But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports

and college was the only place for a smart boy like his son. So my friend had

no choice. He wanted to make their parents happy.   

（二）
Dear Ralph,

I’m a newcomer here of a small town. I would describe myself as

shy and quietly. Before my classmates, it seems always difficult for me

to do things as well them. I'm sure they will laugh to me and see me as         

a fool. So I feel happy every day. Besides, I have few friends.

I don't know that they don't like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked

to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at     

once. I am trying to improve the situation since it doesn’t  

seem to work. Can you tell me about what I should do?      
   Yours,
    Xiao Wei

（三）
  On Thursday I will have to decide what I want myself to do over a weekend.

I am thinking of making a trip to London, and visit the British Museum

and some parks. But I have spent lot my money, so I cannot even go

out of town. I may go to a film, or a concert. Yes, a concert can be very excited.

You can watch your stars while enjoying your favorite music. So then, a concert

cost so much. I may just listen to music, I have some records giving to me

as birthday gifts. If I listen to my own records, there are no need to spend money.

All right. That’s how I' m going to do.

(四)
      You can find all kinds information in just a few minute on the Internet.

It’s like going to a huge library without have to walk around to find your books.

Recently even though, many people have been discussing the dangers of the Internet.    

They have been reports in America about people trying to steal person

informations for bad purposes. Finding information on the Net is easily. But not all  

information are good to society. For example, you can find such information

like how to kill people. The problem will become more serious in the future.

（五）
Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a  hobby which

is both interested and fun. And every year more and more people start

a stamp collection of your own and discover an interest which can

even last lifetim