高中英语影视及歌曲欣赏选修课的编撰与实践教材.doc

高中英语影视及歌曲欣赏选修课的编撰与实践江苏省高淳高级中学 黄福河 张鹏摘 要：英语影视及歌曲欣赏是高中新课程改革下的选修课之一，也是高中英语新课程标准的重要组成部分之一。近两年来，笔者通过在农村中学开设英语影视及歌曲欣赏选修课的尝试，对本课题在编撰与实践方面进行了一定的探索。关键词：新课程改革，英语影视及歌曲欣赏，选修课一、引言新课程标准规定：一个合格的高中毕业生的英语水平最起码应该达到七级；进入高等学校继续学习，则应达到八级或九级。新课程标准对八级的听力技能要求是这样描述的：“能识别不同语气所表达的不同情感；能听懂有关熟悉话题的讨论和谈话并记住要点；能抓住一般语段中的观点；能基本听懂广播或电视英语新闻的主题或大意；能听懂委婉的建议或劝告等。” 1 显然，我们很难单纯利用教科书达到这种要求。根据新课程标准的要求，教师既是课程实施的组织者和促进者，也是课程的开发者和研究者。新课程标准中明确提到了“教师要善于结合教学实际的需要，灵活地和有创作性地使用教材，对教材的内容、编排顺序和教学方法等方面进行适当的取舍或调整。”2因此，探索如何利用影视及歌曲材料进行教学补充是高中英语教学关注的一个热点。20世纪20年代，英国帕尔默 （F. R. Palmer）等人提出的情景教学法（Situational Language Teaching）强调为学生的英语学习提供真实的交际情景。影视及歌曲欣赏选修课的教学正是利用了图像、感情、声音等方面强化了学生的“刺激反应”，使外界的信息通过视觉、听觉等传给大脑中枢，建立起信号联系并诱发人脑迅速做出反应和加速记忆，达到记忆痕迹的长期储存从而实现最佳教学效果。从语言学和教育信息技术的角度来看，英语影视及歌曲欣赏选修课是将原版英文影片、英语歌曲以及多媒体教学运用于英语教学实践的一种尝试。影视以其直观的手段，营造出轻松愉快的氛围，给学生提供纯正、地道的英语口语和运用情景，促使学生对不同国家的习俗、文化、社会及历史概况进行了解。 二、英语影视及歌曲欣赏选修课教学的编撰与实践英语影视及歌曲欣赏选修课主要利用了原版的英文影片及英语歌曲，根据一定的教学需要，通过对影片的剪辑，歌曲的选择并利用多媒体教学手段进行整合，从提高学生学习英语的兴趣入手，从而达到听说能力的提高并促进其读写能力的发展。 （一） 时间安排与班级构成 笔者主要利用每周我校的校本课程时间进行该课程的教学。每次2课时，每学期10次上课时间，每学年度20次上课时间，共40课时。作为校本课程，学生来自于多个行政班级。在2005-2006学年度，学生来自于高二年级的七个班级（全年级共20个班级），分别为：3班（物化班）；8班和10班（史地班）；11班（政地班）；12班和13班（政史班）；14班（物生班）。（二） 材料的选择原则英文原版影片和英语歌曲数目繁多，如何选择影片和歌曲是教师首要考虑的问题。我们认为获得奥斯卡奖项的、根据名著改编的或者是当前学生们最热衷的影片都在选择范围之内；而电影中的金曲、广受学生们欢迎的流行音乐则在我的选择中占据重要地位。除此之外还有一些原则值得注意，如：原则一：学生兴趣的拓展。选择的电影文化和音乐文化应适时加入他们的生活和学习，并使他们的兴趣获得了拓展。原则二：学生认知水平的局限。高中学生的语言储存量还非常有限，听力也远远没有达到原版影片的要求。假如材料的难度超过了学生的认知水平，那么他们的“专心”也就成了一句空话。所以在起始阶段，电影方面不妨选用迪斯尼动画片或“The Sound of Music”（音乐之声）等更容易让学生接受的电影。而这也同样适用于英语歌曲的选择，要易于学唱，有重要的知识点或背景可以讲授且歌手唱歌的速度不能太快。原则三：原版英语电影的局限。不同的电影面对着不同的观众，因此并非所有的原版英语电影都可以适用于高中学生。这就给教师的选择加大了难度。如果要开设成功的高中英语影视及音乐欣赏选修课，就一定要把好选材关。要多选择具有教育性的或励志类的影片，如人教版高一教材中提到的“Cast Away”（浩劫重生）或“Music of the Heart”（弦动我心）等。原则四：教材内容的拓展和延伸。面对学生们使用的教材，我们可以更多地考虑如何通过影视欣赏，拓展和延伸教材的内容。除上文所提及的与高一上册第一单元Good Friends相关的“Cast Away”（浩劫重生）、与第五单元The Silver Screen相关的“Music of the Heart”（弦动我心）和与第十一单元The Sounds of the World相关的“The Sound of Music”（音乐之声）之外，选择与高二下册第十七单元Disabilities相关的由著名演员Tom Hanks主演的“Forrest Gump”（阿甘正传）不失为一个好主意。（三）课堂的组织1. 内容结构作为英语影视及歌曲欣赏选修课，欣赏与学习要齐头并进，因此笔者将每次的教学内容划分为三个部分，即：第一部分：Biographies of Well Known American and British Actors, Actresses and Directors(美英著名导演和演员小传)；第二部分：Lets learn an English Song(让我们学一首英文歌)；第三部分：Enjoy the Movie(电影欣赏)三部分组成（见文后附录的教案）。通过这三个部分的有机结合，同学们在欣赏经典的同时，能够做到不知不觉中学会最生活化的语言，了解并掌握相关知识，并且锻炼了他们的听说能力。2.主题的提炼电影是一部百科全书，是当代最有影响的大众传播媒介之一，是一种充满魅力的艺术文化形式，是当代科学技术和艺术思想的综合应用。它融合了文学、服装、绘画、雕塑、音乐、建筑、戏剧等艺术精华，又涉及文化、宗教、爱情、死亡、战争等人类永恒的主题。由此可见，欣赏一部电影的切入点其实较多。但作为面对高中学生的英语影视及歌曲欣赏选修课，不可能也没有必要面面俱到。所以在实践中，文学类或艺术类的电影如“Romeo & Juliet”（罗密欧与朱丽叶）应以了解情节为主，其目的在于让学生感受电影语言的地道优美，并理解英美国家的文化习俗等，从而更好地培养学生们的跨文化意识；而科幻片或历史片如“Schindlers List”（辛德勒的名单）则可以通过欣赏并挖掘影片的内涵，着重结合德育教育，让学生理解并学习演员、导演或者剧中人物的性格品质。3.任务的设置 影视及歌曲欣赏选修课是以影片为基本素材，在视觉上刺激学生，引起学生们欣赏和表达的愿望，自觉地参与到教师设计的一系列听说读写任务中来，从而提高运用英语的综合技能。例如：教师可以提前一周让学生知道他们即将要观看的影片，要求他们分头查找相关资料，上课时以讨论或单独发言的形式完成对电影内容、时代背景以及获奖情况的介绍。对表现较好的同学要给予表扬和鼓励，教师最后作适当的补充。此外, 在介绍影片内容的同时，给学生们播放它的预告片，从而使他们对故事情节有一个初步的认识。此外，教师可以结合影片的特点、联系学生的实际认知水平和兴趣，确定课堂目标，并运用任务型教学的基本理念，设计课前、课堂以及课后各项任务，让学生通过读、听、说、写各项任务的完成，理解影片情节，欣赏影片的精髓。英语影视及歌曲欣赏输出输入说对歌曲、电影的视听内容进行角色扮演、讨论等口头练习；学唱歌曲；诵读经典对白或独白写写电影的英文简单概要或影评 读课前读电影背景知识、剧情介绍及主要演员、导演的介绍等听课堂教学中视听英语歌曲及电影片段剪辑；课前或课后视听完整的影片（四）多媒体教学课件的制作影视及歌曲欣赏选修课与多媒体教学紧密结合。这是影视欣赏的特点，也是现代教学发展的一个趋势。一般每部影片运用在影视及歌曲欣赏课上的各个片段剪辑的总长度不超过半小时；每个包含经典对白的片段不超过5分钟；表现特定主题（如音乐、特技等的画面）的片断也绝对不超过7分钟。如“Music of the Heart”（弦动我心）全长约125分钟，用于影视欣赏课堂的片段剪辑约10分钟；狮子王全长约122分钟，剪辑的欣赏片段总长度不超过20分钟。剪辑之后利用PowerPoint 把剪辑片段和任务设置的材料进行整合。四、反思本课程在笔者所任教的年级开设了近两年，在促进我校实施高中新课程改革方面发挥了重要的作用。它使用的多媒体教学以及它所倡导的情景式、交际式等英语学习方法，形式活泼新颖，内容生动丰富，起到了寓教于乐的课堂教学效果，深受同学们的欢迎。英语影视及歌曲欣赏这门选修课的申报率和上课人数在校本课程中名列前茅。在每学期期末对校本课程的评价表中同学们也对它表达了满意之情。在平时，他们自己购买各种英语有声杂志，积极主动地练习英语听说，锻炼交际能力，在提高了对英语的兴趣的同时促进了英语成绩的提高，并在校园内营造了良好的英语氛围。但是，作为一种不断完善的教学手段，它也不可避免的存在着一些不足之处。例如，相当一部分学生是抱着观看电影的心理来上这门课的。因此，教师要努力促使他们将这种心理转化为积极向上的学习态度。两年来的实践证明，它是一种行之有效的做法，值得继续探索、改进和推广。参考文献：1 2 中华人民共和国教育部. 2003年.普通高中英语课程标准（实验）M. 北京：人民教育出版社方燕. 林韶蓉. 2005.当代英美电影视听说教程M. 福州：福建教育出版社冯仪民. 2001.新的基础教育课程体系中的外语教育J.中小学英语教学与研究, (2)何高大. 2002.现代教育技术与现代外语教学M. 南宁：广西教育出版社 何广坚. 1995.英语教学法基础M. 广州：暨南大学出版社 韩晓玲. 张弘. 2002.电影欣赏与英语学习M. 青岛：青岛海洋大学出版社戚雨村. 1997.现代语言学的特点和发展趋势M. 上海：上海外语教育出版社 舒其惠. 钟友循. 1994.影视学教程M. 长沙：湖南师范大学出版社 赵国强. 2001听说教学真实性原则应用初探J.中小学英语教学与研究, (4)通讯地址：211300 江苏省高淳高级中学 黄福河 手机 [phone] 邮箱 njhfh-gc附录：英语影视及歌曲欣赏选修课教案（2课时）Part one: Biographies of Well Known American and British Actors, Actresses and DirectorsVivien Leigh（费雯丽）Occupation: ActressBorn: November 5, 1913, Darjeeling（大吉岭）, IndiaDied: July 7, 1967Vivien Leigh was born in India. She moved to England with her family at the age of 6 in 1920. In January of 1932, she met Leigh Holman. They married. But her destiny（命运）would not remain domestic for long however, so on August 21st, 1934 she arrived at Lime Grove Studios to begin work on her first film, Things Are Looking Up（欣欣向荣）. In September, Vivien went to see a play called Theatre Royal（皇家剧院）, starring a popular new stage actor, Laurence Olivier, and was intrigued by his good looks and stage presence. During this period Vivien found a new favorite novel that she re-read several times Gone with the Wind. She even asked her agent（经纪人） to submit her name to the widely publicized search to find an actress for Scarlett OHara. After a remarkably welltimed introduction to David O. Selznick, Vivien did screen tests（试镜头）for her dream role. Both Selznick and the films director George Cukor were impressed by her talent and beauty. In 1939, she prepared for the grand opening of GWTW in Atlanta. It opened to great reviews and Vivien became the talk of the town. Leigh achieved fame and worldwide popularity as Scarlett OHara, a role for which she has been chosen from among hundreds of aspirants and for which she received her first Academy Award，as well as the New York CriticsBest Actress prize. Right after Christmas, she began work on Waterloo Bridge, taking ballet lessons for a scene early on in the film and voice lessons to improve her acting technique. At this point in 1940, Leigh Holman finally filed for divorce. This meant that after 6 months wait, Vivien would be free to marry Olivier. Their wedding ceremony took place at the San Ysidro Ranch in Santa Barbara on August 31, 1940，with Katharine Hepburn(凯瑟琳赫本)as the maid(伴娘)of honor. In the summer of 1950，Vivien left England to return to Hollywood and began work on the film version of A Streetcar Named Desire(1951)which got her a second Best Actress Oscar for the role of Blanche du Bois. In 1957 she received an unwelcome telegram from Olivier asking for divorce, but in her heart. She believed that he would come back to herVivien drank severely during this period and was diagnosed(诊断)with cyclic(周期性)manicdepressive psychosis(癫狂与抑郁交替发作的精神病). The divorce settlement between Vivien and Olivier was finalized on December 2, 1960. Then Vivien did a reading at Oxford which would become her last public appearance. In May, she became very ill. On Friday, July 7, 1967 she was found dead in her room. She is remembered as one of the most exquisite beauties ever to grace the screen.Part two: Lets learn an English SongI believe I can flyLead-in:Can you fly?Here are two possible answers: “No, no one can fly!” or “I believe I can, but not now, maybe tomorrow!” Clearly, those who choose the second one have both dreams and self-confidence. Dreams and self-confidence are what keep us going on in the face of hardship. No one can achieve success without them. If you can dream of it, you can make it; if you believe you can fly, then you can really fly someday.Enjoy the song:I used to think that I could not _ _And life was _ _ an awful songBut now I know the meaning of _ _Im leaning _ the _ armsIf I can see it, _ _ _ _ _If I just believe it, theres nothing to it# I believe I can flyI believe I can touch the _I think about it _ _ and _ my wings and fly awayI believe I can soarI see me running through that open _I believe I can flyI believe I can flyI believe I can fly #See I was on the verge of _ _Sometimes silence can seem so loudThere are miracles in life I must _But first I know it starts _ of meIf I can see it, then I can be itIf I just believe it, theres nothing to it Repeat #-#cause I believe in meIf I can see it, then I can do itIf I just believe it, theres nothing to itRepeat #-#If you just spread my wings I can fly I can fly I can flyIf you just spread my wings I can fly Hmm Fly fly flyWord bankAwful adj. 糟糕的 lean on 依靠，依赖 everlasting adj. 永恒的；永久的 spread vt. 展开 Soar vi. 翱翔；高飞 on the verge of 在的边缘 break down 崩溃；垮 miracle n. 奇迹 achieve vt. 实现Appreciation:电影太空大灌篮的主题曲I believe I can fly是一首催人奋进的励志歌曲。当年由篮球飞人迈克尔乔丹（Michael Jordan）主演的电影在赢得票房大胜的同时，也使这首主题曲成为人人皆知的名曲。歌曲里的主人公曾是一个不太自信的人，总认为自己技不如人，生活黯然无光，“lifewasnothingbutanawfulsong”，直到明了真爱的意义，才唤回了他丢失的信心与勇气。拥有爱，就有希望。对恋人的爱，对亲人的爱，对朋友的爱，对所有人的爱，有爱就有行走的勇气。爱，鼓励我们一路前行，风雨无阻。于是，歌者深信不疑，“I believe I can fly”，“ I believe I can touch the sky”，宏大的理想，看似遥远，实则近在身边，只要我们坚持理想信念，努力探求，终能展翅翱翔。其实，生活不乏奇迹，奇迹就在你我手中，遭遇生命中的奇迹那是一件多么幸福而美好的事情，然而梦想的实现、奇迹的产生，经历的往往是痛苦的等待、静静的付出，如同小溪穿山越岭才能融入大海那一刻的壮阔与畅然。所以，请相信奇迹，请等待付出后的收获。面对困难，在心中默念，“I believe I can fly”。巧的是，此歌的演唱者与乔丹一样都是黑人明星。R. Kelly是美国R&B说唱音乐中最出色的歌手、制作人和词曲作者之一。而此曲亦成为他本人最成功的单曲之一，在1997年度第40届格莱美颁奖中，R. Kelly凭借I believe I can fly一举获得了最佳影视歌曲(Best Song Written Specifically For A Motion Picture Or For Television)，最佳R&B男歌手(Best Male R&B Vocal Performance)，最佳R&B歌曲(Best Rhythm Blues Song)三项大奖。在歌曲的演唱技巧上，R. Kelly发挥了黑人音乐人横跨几大音域的优势，给人强烈的听觉冲击感。歌曲高潮部分，收放自由的声线，将信念与理想传递给听众。配合乔丹健美的灌篮画面，让人心生憧憬。喊着耐克运动系列的广告语”Just do it”，在成功的大路上，自信而勇敢的去追吧，因为这是我们腾空飞翔的第一步！Part three: Enjoy the MovieMusic of the Heart. Warming-up questions1. It is said that “Adversity (逆境) is a great schoolmaster”. Do you agree?2. In the film, Roberta, a woman of two children, was deserted by her husband. Can you predict what life is ahead of her? Has she been in misery (痛苦；悲惨) ever since and just complained about life? 3. What do you think encourages her to pick up her spirits? Is she successful in her career in the end?. Plot keywordsabuse vt. 辱骂；滥用；妄用musical instrument 乐器chorus n. 合唱队slash vt./vi 削弱compromise n./vt./vi.妥协；折衷；危害soften vt./vi. 变软；使柔软；变温和harsh adj. 严厉的；残酷的；无情的weird adj. 怪异的；不可思议的wring vt. 拧，掐（脖子等）；与（out,from连用）强迫(某人)说出. Brief introduction of Carnegie Hall (卡内基音乐厅)Carnegie Hall is located at the corner of 57th Street and Seventh Avenue in Manhattan. It was donated and built by Andrew Carnegie in 1890. About 25 years after it was built, the Hall became one of the most important stages in the world. A Carnegie Hall appearance became synonymous with (等同与) success. It is said that it takes some people a lifetime of practice to get to the Carnegie Hall.Since Walter Damrosch conducted the very first “Young Peoples Concert” in 1891, Carnegie Hall has been committed (承诺；保证) to teaching people of all ages about music.Each year, Carnegie Hall presents a full season of educational events, including concerts for families, workshops for teachers musicians, programs for students and schools, and a popular series of FREE concerts in the nerghbourhoods of New York City.It has three great stages: Isaac Stern Auditorium; Joan and Sanford. Weill Recital Hall and Judy and Arthur Zankel Hall.From: http: /www. Carnegiehall.org. Watching the movieWatch the movie, and then answer the following questions. Read the questions before you watch the movie. The movie will run for around 123 minutes.1. How is Robertas life before she becomes a violin teacher?2. Did she get the teaching post at the first interview? Why or why not?3. It is said that a Carnegie Hall appearance is equal to success. What about the violin teacher and her students? Do you think they succeed in the end?4. What plays an important role in their appearance in Carnegie Hall?5. What do you think of the teacher Roberta?. Using the movie1. Spot DictationThe interview between Roberta and the Principal. Watch this clip carefully for three times, and then fill in the blanks with what you have heard.PRINCIPAL: Besides for having a term in a private school in Greece, and a year teaching _ in Hawaii ten years ago.ROBERTA: Thats the Navy. They _ _.PRINCIPAL: Em It doesnt look _ _ you had any other _ _.ROBERTA: Well, not _ teaching _, but I haveI am giving _ lessons. It was not all there. I I taught my sons.PRINCIPAL: I like to help you, Mrs Demetras. Bryan _ _ _ you and I told him I would _ starting a violin class, but without the proper _ and without any experience in inner-city schools, Im very sorry.ROBERTA: OK. Thank you for seeing me.PRINCIPAL: Youre quite welcome.2. Role PlayPractise the interview with your partner, playing the role of the Principal or Roberta.3. Speech Dictation Listen carefully to it three times and put down what the Principal says at the Concert.The Principals Speech._ _ _ Poberta Demetras _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. _ _ _ the East Harlem Violin Programme _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fission _ _ _ _ _ _ _. When a programme _ _ _ _ our childrens future is compromised. _ _ _ _ each of you for your _ _ and _ _ _ that _ _ _ _._ _.4. Writing a ReviewBelow is a sample from the Internet. Read carefully and write a review of at least 150 words.This is the true story of a young teacher who fights against the board of education in her bid to teach underprivileged kids in a Harlem school the beauty of music through the violin. In her struggle she loses everything as the system comes down on her with all their might but her determination for the kids happiness helps her to battle back with wonderfully inspirational results.Written by Kryp