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高三英语一轮单元复习教案:
Book3Module 3 The Violence of Nature
一、教学重点:掌握第一轮复习中各单元的重点词汇。
二、教学难点:学会并理解同义短语意义的辨析与区分。
三、教学课时:本模块共分为五个课时。
四、教学步骤:
1复习重点词汇的用法
a. experience n. [C](一次)经历,体验; [U]经验;阅历
vt. 经受,体验,感受
(P21)Have you ever experienced a flood?
你曾经经历过洪灾吗?
归纳总结:
have much teaching/working experience教学/工作经验丰富,by/from experience凭经验;从经验中(得出),in one’s experience据某人的经验看,experience in/of在……方面的经验,experienced adj.有经验的,熟练的,be experienced in在……方面有经验
例句:
①Children need to experience things for themselves in order to learn from them.
孩子们要学习新鲜东西就需要亲身经历它们。
②(高考大纲全国卷Ⅱ)You will have your choice between hot or cold rooms,but you will be well advised to stay at least one night in a cold room for a true experience.
你可以在冷房子和热房子之间选择,但是你会被奉劝在冷房子里至少住一夜,做一次真实的体验。
③In my experience,these things never last very long.
从我的经验来看,这些事情从未长久过。
④He had no experience of managing a farm.
他没有管理农场的经验。
Practice
(1).He is________as a leader but he doesn’t have ________in teaching.
A.success;many experience
B.a success;much experience
C.success;an experience
D.success;a lot of experiences
解析:选B。a success“一个成功者”;experience表示“经验”是不可数名词。
(2).We had ________pleasant experience when my family were on ________vacation last summer.
A./;/ B.a;a
C./;a D.a;/
解析:选D。句意是:去年夏天我们家庭的度假是一次令人愉快的经历。experience指“经历”,是可数名词,所以前面要用不定冠词;on vacation是习惯用语,vacation前面不用冠词。
b . occur vi. 发生,出现;(想法、念头等)想起,浮现
(P23)Almost all of them occur in the U.S.,...
几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国,……
例句:
①Such an idea never occurred to me.
我从没想到过这样一个主意。
②Didn’t it occur to you that your husband might be late?
你当时没有想到你丈夫也许会晚到吗?
③I suppose it never occurred to you to phone the police.
我想你压根儿就没想到给警方打电话吧。
易混词语辨析:
:occur,happen,take place,break out的区别:
(1)occur属正式用语,它可以指偶然地“发生”,也可以指在指定的时间“发生,出现”,还可以表示抽象事物,如思想等的“产生”。在以具体事物、事件作主语时,可与happen互换。
(2)happen常用词语,指事物或情况偶然或未能预见地发生;其后接不定式或用在It happened that...句型中,意为“恰好,碰巧,偶然”。
(3)take place 指发生了事先计划或预想到的事情。
(4)break out指(战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生。
①That accident happened/occurred yesterday.
②The meeting took_place at 8∶00 as planned.
③The fire broke_out during the night.
④It occurred to me that I could invite her to dinner.
⑤I happened to meet her on my way home.
Practice:
(1).It suddenly________me how we could improve the situation.
A.struck B.happened
C.occurred D.realized
解析:选A。B项应为something happened to sb.;C项应为It occurred to me that...;D项应为sb. realized。It struck me...“我突然想到……”。
c . cause vt. 导致;引起
n. 原因,起因;理由;事业;目标
(P21)Do you know anything about the events?For example,what causes them?
你知道有关这些事件的情况吗?比方说,什么引起了它们?
归纳总结:
cause sb. to do sth.引起某人做某事,
cause sb.sth.给某人引来某事,
cause sth./an accident/trouble,etc.引起某事/事故/麻烦等,
cause and effect因果,
the cause of...……的原因;……的事业
例句:
①I don’t know the cause and effect about it.
我不知道此事的前因后果。
②Jimmy’s behaviour is causing me a lot of problems.
吉米的所作所为给我带来许多麻烦。
③What was the cause of the accident?
那场事故的起因是什么?
④Her life was devoted to the cause of justice.
她为正义事业而献身。
易混词语辨析:
cause,reason,excuse
(1)cause意为“起因,原因”,指引起某种结果的必然原因,即主要事实方面的原因,常和effect连用,表示因果。
(2)reason意为“理由,原因”,指用以解释某些已发生的事情的理由或借口,这种理由可能是真正的理由,也可能不是,强调逻辑推理方面的理由。
(3)excuse 指为免受指责和推卸责任而找的“理由,原因”,也就是我们常说的“借口”。
①Too much work is no excuse for absence.
②The cause of the fire was carelessness.
③There are many reasons for animals’ dying out.
Practice:
(1).According to the recent research,heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily________and effect.
A.reason B.impact C.fact D.cause
解析:选D。cause and effect表示“因果”,本句意为“根据最近的研究,喝浓咖啡与心脏病之间并没有必然的因果关系。”
(2).We do not yet know the ________of the accident.
A.cause B.reason C.purpose D.excuse
解析:选A。根据句意“我们还不知道导致这场事故的原因。”可知应选A。reason强调做某事的理由;purpose指“目的”;excuse则表示“借口”都与句意不符。
d . damage n. 损失;损害,破坏
vt. 使……受损
(P29)Fires caused by the California Earthquake did the most damage.
加利福尼亚地震引起的火灾造成了最严重的损失。
例句 :
①My mother is right:don’t damage your health for a slim and attractive figure.
我妈妈说得对:不要为了苗条动人的身材毁了自己的健康。
②The fire badly damaged the town hall.
火灾使市政厅遭到严重破坏。
③The problem is clear:man has done great damage to his home over the years.
问题很明显:多年来,人类已对自己的家园造成巨大的损害。
易混词语辨析:
ruin,damage,destroy
三者都含有“破坏;毁坏”的意思。
(1)ruin现在多用于借喻中,泛指一般的“弄坏了”,还可指价值、用途降低或外表损坏等。ruin作名词时常见于某些短语中:in ruins 成为废墟,bring sb.to ruin使某人失败,fall to ruin毁灭。
(2)damage不一定全部破坏,损坏部分还可以修复。
(3)destroy指彻底毁坏以致不能或很难修复,还指“破坏(计划,希望)”。
①He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth.
②The heavy rain damaged many houses.
③That town was destroyed in a big fire.
Practice:
(1).The ________to the house caused by the storm took several days to repair.
A.ruin B.destruction C.damage D.harm
解析:选C。repair指“修复”,既然可以修复,说明建筑只是部分被破坏,而非完全被毁,所以用damage。本句意为“暴风雨对房子造成的破坏花了好几天的时间来修复。”
(2).“If you go on stealing,you will________your bright future,young man!”said the judge.
A.destroy B.damage C.ruin D.break
解析:选C。destroy和damage表示“破坏;毁坏”讲时,常指具体的事物;而ruin既可指具体事物的破坏,也可表示对抽象事物的毁坏,如毁掉“希望;理想;前途;机会等”。本句意为“那个法官说道:如果你继续盗窃的话,你会毁掉你的前途的,年轻人!”
e . possibility n. 可能,可能性;可能发生的事;潜能,潜力
(P25)When the lava reached the sea,there was the possibility of a huge tidal wave which could flood half the island.
当岩浆流到大海里,就有可能引起巨大的潮汐淹没半个岛屿。
例句:
①There’s always a possibility that he might go back to Seattle.
他回到西雅图总是可能的。
②Life on other planets is a possibility.
其他行星上有生命是可能的。
③He is a man of possibilities.
他是一个有发展前途的人。
④Is it possible to predict what will happen in Russia?
有可能预测俄罗斯将发生什么事吗?
Practice:
(1).—Is there any possibility ________you could pick me up at the airport?
—No problem.
A.when B.that C.whether D.what
解析:选B。此处是考查possibility的同位语从句,因从句不缺少成分,故应用that引导,表示“你有没有可能来机场接我”,所以选B项。
f . pick up 拾起,拿起;卷起;掀起;搭载;(无意中)学会;接收(无线电信号);收拾,整理;加(速度);取(物),开车接(人);(健康、生意、社交生活等)恢复,变好,好转
(P23)Tornadoes can pick up cars,trains and even houses and put them down in the next street-or even in the next town.
龙卷风能把汽车、火车甚至房屋卷起,把它们带到旁边的街上——甚至能把它们卷到邻近的城镇上。
例句:
①It is an offence to pick up or set down a hitchhiker on a motorway.
在高速公路上让搭便车的人上下车是违反交通规则的。
②I managed to pick up an American news broadcast.
我设法收听到一家美国电台的新闻广播。
③If you sing it several times,your children will begin to pick up the words.
如果你把它唱上几遍,你的孩子们就会不知不觉地学会歌词。
④The economy is finally beginning to pick up again.
经济终于又开始有所好转。
⑤The train was gradually picking up speed.
火车逐渐加快了速度。
⑥I picked up the book from the floor.
我从地板上把书拾起来。
Practice:
(1).She ________Japanese when she was in Japan.Now she can speak it freely.
A.picked out B.made out C.made up D.picked up
解析:选D。考查pick up表示“学会”的意思和用法。pick out表示“挑出;区别出”;make out表示“理解”;make up表示“组成,构成”,根据句意“她在日本时学会了日语,现在她能讲得非常流利。”可知应选D。
(2).This picture was taken a long time ago.I wonder if you can________my father.
A.find out B.pick out C.look out D.speak out
解析:选B。考查pick out表示“区别出,辨别出”的意思。find out表示“查清楚,弄明白”;look out表示“向外看;当心”;speak out表示“讲出来”。根据句意“这张照片是很久以前照的,我不知道你是否能认出我的父亲来。”可知应选B。
g . end up 以……结束,以……而告终
(P23)The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan’s coffin ended up in the sea.
掩埋科格伦的公墓被飓风所摧毁,他的棺材最后被卷入了大海。
例句:
①The party ended up with a beautiful song.
晚会以一曲优美的歌曲告终。
②Our game always ends up in a quarrel.
我们总是以吵闹结束比赛。
③If he carries on driving like that,he’ll end up dead.
他如果继续照那样开车的话,早晚得死于非命。
④He sat there for hours on end.
他连续几小时坐在那儿。
⑤We must put an end to this foolish behavior.
我们必须终止这种愚蠢的行为。
Practice:
(1).It is possible that one day we will________disability,so we shouldn’t look down upon the disabled.
A.end up with B.put up with
C.come up with D.catch up with
解析:选A。句意:有可能某一天我们会成为残疾人,因此我们不应该歧视残疾人。end up with以……结束,符合题意。put up with忍受,忍耐;come up with提出;catch up with赶上,均不符合题意。
(2).(泰安模拟)Each of us has to make ________summary of our performance in the past year since the year has already come to________end.
A.the;an B.a;an
C./;the D./;an
解析:选B。make a summary of“总结”;come to an end“结束”。
h . take off 去掉,减去;脱下;(飞机)起飞;突然开始成功;休假
(P23)They can take the fur off the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicken.
龙卷风能把猫背上的毛和鸡身上的羽毛吹得干干净净。
例句:
①She forgot to take off her makeup last night.
她昨天晚上忘了卸妆。
②As the plane was taking off,he remembered he hadn’t turned the light off.
飞机起飞时,他才想起他没有关上灯。
③I’m taking Thursday off to do some Christmas shopping.
我星期四要休假,去买一些圣诞礼物。
④(牛津P2059)The new magazine has really taken off.
这份新杂志真是大受欢迎。
Practice:
(1).用适当的介词、副词填空
①I’d like to take three days ________next week.
②She took ________what the speaker said in shorthand.
③Henry’s taken________the firm from his father.
④Mary really takes________her mother.
答案:①off ②down ③over ④after
2.句型梳理:
a.【教材原句】 They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.(P23)
它们能毁掉房子,却把房内的家具留在原处。
【句法分析】 该句式意为“使保留,让/使某人(某物)继续处于某种状态、某地等”。该句式中leave为及物动词,意思是“使处于……;听任……”,宾语后接形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语、名词或句子等作补足语。
其常见结构归纳如下:
(1)leave+宾语+形容词/副词。
(2)leave+宾语+现在分词,其中宾语与宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。
(3)leave+宾语+过去分词,其中宾语与宾补之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系。
(4)leave+宾语+介词短语/名词。
(5)leave+宾语+动词不定式。
(6)leave+宾语+从句。
例句:
①Leave the door open and you will breathe fresh air.
让门开着你就会呼吸到新鲜的空气。
②Don’t leave me waiting outside too long.
别让我在外面等候太久。
③The bad weather left the project half finished.
坏天气使工程只完成了一半。
④Ted’s parents went abroad and left him in the care of his grandmother.
特德的父母都出国了,他由祖母照料。
⑤His parents both died last year,leaving him an orphan.
他父母去年双双去世,留下他成为一个孤儿。
⑥What we’ve done leaves much to be desired.
我们的工作还有很多不足之处。
⑦(朗文P1170)Don’t leave the water running while you brush your teeth.
刷牙的时候不要开着水龙头。
Practice:
(1).You’d better not leave the medicine________kids can get at it.
A.even if B.which C.where D.so that
解析:选C。句意是:你最好别把药放在孩子能够找到的地方。leave...where...也是一个常见的句式,意为“把……放在……地方”。
(2).—Was the problem solved at the meeting?
—Not yet.I’m afraid it may lead to more serious ones if________unsolved.
A.making B.remained C.left D.taking
解析:选C。句意是:“这个问题在会议上解决了吗?”“还没有,如果不解决的话,恐怕会引起更加严重的问题。”leave与it是被动关系,要用过去分词形式作条件状语。
b.教材原句 The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925,affecting three US states...(P23)
有史以来最严重的龙卷风发生在1925年,它影响了美国三个州……
句法分析:”affecting three US states...是现在分词短语作结果状语。
用现在分词作结果状语时,其逻辑主语与句子主语一致,且现在分词表示的结果是一种必然的、顺理成章的结果。而不定式则表示出乎意料的结果。
例句:
①European football is played in more than 80 countries,making it the most popular sport in the world.
80多个国家都踢欧式足球,这使它成为世界上最流行的运动。
②The fire lasted nearly a month,leaving nothing valuable.
大火持续了近一个月,几乎没剩下什么有用的东西。
③He woke up and looked out of the window, to find the world outside greatly changed.
他醒了,向窗外看了看,结果发现外面的世界一切都变了。
Practice:
(1).(高考江苏卷)The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu,________the students to return to their classrooms.
A.enabling B.having enabled C.to enable D.to have enabled
解析:选A。句意:那位退休的老人把他的大部分积蓄都捐给了玉树地震中毁坏的学校,这样学生们就能重新回到教室了。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。不定式一般作目的状语,有时可作结果状语,故可排除C、D项;B项表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,不合题意,可排除。故答案为A项。
(2).(高考上海卷)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city,________all four people on board.
A.killed B.killing C.kills D.to kill
解析:选B。句意:一架小型飞机在城市以东五英里的山坡上坠毁,致使机上四人全部丧命。本题考查非谓语动词作状语,首先排除C项,因为kills不能作状语;如果选A项,应在killed前加and;to kill常用作目的状语,不符合句意,不定式也可作结果状语,但表示“意外的结果”,而本句主句说明飞机失事,因此后面的结果并非意外,故排除D项;用现在分词killing作结果状语,故选B。
3.语法讲解:
倒装句和强调句
倒装是一种语法手段,用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种:完全倒装和部分倒装。
完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前(是整个谓语动词,而非助动词)。
4.佳句选粹
a.In_came_the_teacher and the class began.
【分析】 句意:老师走了进来,然后开始上课。in放于句首,整个句子用了全部倒装的形式,came放到了the teacher之前。
部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词等)放到主语前,或把句子的强调成分提前。
b.Were_she_to_leave right now,she would get there on Sunday.
【分析】 句意:如果她立刻就走,她就能在星期天到达那里。此句前半部分省去了If,把were提前。
c.Not until yesterday did_little_John_change his mind.
【分析】 句意:小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。否定词放于句首,主句用部分倒装,did提到了主语little John之前。
强调句是一种修辞,是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式,写作中常使用强调句,常见的有:
d.It was on_Monday_night that all this happened.
【分析】 句意:所有这一切发生在周一晚上。用强调句型:“It is(was)+被强调成分+that(who)+原句其他成分”来强调说话人的意愿,强调时间“on Monday night”。
.①He does know the place well.
他的确很熟悉这个地方。
②Do write to me when you get there.
你到那儿后务必给我来信。
【分析】 用助动词“do(does/did)+动词原形”来表示强调。
5.Homework:Do exercise 1,2,3 and English Weekly
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