第二版-现代大学英语精读-3-Unit1-Your-College-Years市公开课一等奖百校联赛.pptx

Lesson OneLesson OneYour College YearsYour College Years Bob HartmanBob Hartman第1页contentsuPart One:Part One:Warm-upWarm-upuPart Two:Part Two:Background InformationBackground InformationuPart Three:Part Three:Text AppreciationText AppreciationuPart Four:Part Four:Language StudyLanguage StudyuPart Five:Part Five:Exercises Exercises 第2页 Part 1 Part 1 Warm-upWarm-up u Warm-up questionsWarm-up questionsu CollegeYearsvs.SeasonsCollegeYearsvs.Seasons第3页Warm-up QuestionsWarm-up Questions1.Asasophomore,whatisyourgeneralimpressionofcollege?thegoldentimeinoneslifemanyopportunitiesforonetoexploretheunknownexperiencingalotmakinglifelongfriendsenjoyingvariouskindsofactivitiesdevelopingonespersonalinterestskeepingagoodbalanceandlayingasolidfoundation第4页2.Haveyouexperiencedanythingdifferentfromyourmiddleschoollife?beingfarawayfromhomelivingwithothersbecomingindependenttakingcareofoneselfhandlingonesownfinancemakingonesowndecisionschangesareoccurring第5页3.Whatsyourpurposeofreceivingacollegeeducation?togetandkeepagoodjobtoearnmoremoneytogetagoodstartinlifetofullydeveloponeselftocontributemoretothesociety第6页4.Haveyouhadanypsychologicalproblemseversinceyouenteredcollege?lonelinessconfusionfrustrationjealousyasenseofinferiorityfeelingpressure第7页5.Istheregenerationgapbetweenyourparentsandyou?第8页uCollegeYearsvs.SeasonsuWhatdoyouthinkthefourseasonsrepresentandexplainwhy?第9页CollegeYearsvs.SeasonsuSpringSummerSophomore FreshmanJuniorSenior第10页Freshman:SpringSpringistheseasonfornaturetorevive,togrowandtogetreadytoboom.Similarly,incollege,springistheseasonforyoutoacquireknowledge,todevelopyourselfandtolayasolidfoundationforthefuture.Itstheseasonofgrowth.第11页Sophomore:SummerSummeristheseasonforflowerstobloom,anditstheseasonforyoutoenjoythegreatestpassioninnaturelove,lovefromyourclassmates,fromyourteachersandfromyourromance.Itistheseasonofaffection.第12页Junior:AutumnItstheseasonforyoutoenjoywhatyouhaveachieved.Autumnisaseasonofharvest.第13页Senior:WinterWinteristheharshestseasonofthefour,whichpresentssomanydifficultiesandhardships.Sowinteristheseasonofchange.Unpleasantasitmayseemtosomestudents,itissimplyinescapableandbeneficialtoonesgrowthandmaturity.第14页u大一大一彷徨彷徨u大二大二呐喊呐喊u大三大三伤势伤势u大四大四朝花夕拾朝花夕拾第15页Part 2 Part 2 Background InformationBackground Information第16页PartIIBackgroundInformationI.AuthorBobHartmanwasborninPittsburgh,theUnitedStates,andmovedtoEnglandinthesummerof.Hehasbeenworkingasastorytellerforchildrenforover12years.Heuseshisdynamicandinteractivestyletoentertainaudiences.Heisalsoapart-timepastor.第17页uHelovestohelpchildren(andadults!)createtheirown stories on the spot.He runs practicalworkshopsforadultswhowanttoimprovetheirstorytelling skills.Whatever the occasion,Bobsstorytellingsessionsarealwaysexciting,engagingand,aboveall,interactive!第18页uWell-knownfortheLionStorytellerseriesandthehighlyacclaimedAngels,AngelsAllAround,Bobspublications also include Easter Stories and TheComplete Bible Baddies.For adults,Bob haswrittenTellingtheBibleandTellingtheBible2-aseriesofretellingsofpassagesfromtheBibleforindividualandgroupperformance-andAnyoneCan Tell a Story,full of Bobs tips for greatstorytelling.第19页A selection of books by Bob Hartman第20页II.ErikH.EricksonErik H.Erikson(19021994),was aGerman-born American psychoanalystwhose writings on social psychology,individualidentity,andtheinteractionsofpsychologywithhistory,politics,andcultureinfluencedprofessionalapproaches to psychosocial problemsandattractedmuchpopularinterest.Hewas most famous for his work onrefining and expanding Freuds theoryofdevelopmentalstages.第21页III.EricksonsDevelopmentalStagesBasic Theory:Babies are born with some basiccapabilities and distinct temperaments.But they gothrough dramatic changes on the way to adulthoodandoldage.AccordingtopsychologistErikH.Erikson,each individual passes through eight developmentalstages.第22页Each developmental stage is characterized by adifferent psychological crisis,which must beresolved by the individual before the individualcanmoveontothenextstage.Ifthepersoncopeswithaparticularcrisisinamaladaptive不不适适应应,不不利利于于适适应应manner,theoutcomewillbemorestruggleswiththatissuelaterinlife.ToErikson,thesequenceofthestagesaresetbynature.Itiswithinthesetlimitsthatnurtureworksitsways.第23页人格发展八阶段理论人格发展八阶段理论u埃里克森认为，人自我意识发展连续一生，他把埃里克森认为，人自我意识发展连续一生，他把自我意识形成和发展过程划分为八个阶段，自我意识形成和发展过程划分为八个阶段，这八这八个阶段次序是由个阶段次序是由遗传遗传决定，不过每一阶段能否顺决定，不过每一阶段能否顺利度过却是由环境决定，利度过却是由环境决定，所以这个理论可称为所以这个理论可称为心心理社会理社会阶段理论。每一个阶段都是不可忽略。他阶段理论。每一个阶段都是不可忽略。他人格终生发展论，为不一样年纪段教育提供了理人格终生发展论，为不一样年纪段教育提供了理论依据和教育内容，任何年纪段教育失误，都会论依据和教育内容，任何年纪段教育失误，都会给一个人终生发展造成障碍。它也告诉每个人你给一个人终生发展造成障碍。它也告诉每个人你为何会成为现在这个样子，你心理品质哪些是主为何会成为现在这个样子，你心理品质哪些是主动，哪些是消极，多在哪个年纪段形成，给你以动，哪些是消极，多在哪个年纪段形成，给你以反思依据。反思依据。第24页Stage1:InfantTrustvsMistrustNeedsmaximumcomfortwithminimaluncertaintytotrusthimself/herself,others,andtheenvironment.婴儿期（婴儿期（01.5岁）：基本信任和不信任心理冲突岁）：基本信任和不信任心理冲突 此阶段发展任务是取得信任感，克服不信任感。此阶段发展任务是取得信任感，克服不信任感。第25页uStage2:ToddlerAutonomyvsShameandDoubtWorkstomasterphysicalenvironmentwhilemaintainingself-esteem.u儿童早期（儿童早期（1.53岁）：自主与害羞和怀疑冲岁）：自主与害羞和怀疑冲突突u这一时期，儿童掌握了大量技能，如，爬、走、这一时期，儿童掌握了大量技能，如，爬、走、说话等。更主要是他们学会了怎样坚持或放弃，说话等。更主要是他们学会了怎样坚持或放弃，也就是说儿童开始也就是说儿童开始“有意志有意志”地决定做什么或不地决定做什么或不做什么。做什么。第26页uStage3:PreschoolerInitiativevsGuiltBeginstoinitiate,notimitate,activities;developsconscienceandsexualidentity.u学前期（学前期（36岁）：主动对内疚冲突岁）：主动对内疚冲突u在这一时期假如幼儿表现出主动探究行为受在这一时期假如幼儿表现出主动探究行为受到勉励，幼儿就会形成主动性，这为他未来成为到勉励，幼儿就会形成主动性，这为他未来成为一个有责任感、有创造力人奠定了基础。假如成一个有责任感、有创造力人奠定了基础。假如成人嘲笑幼儿独创行为和想象力，那么幼儿就会逐人嘲笑幼儿独创行为和想象力，那么幼儿就会逐步失去自信心，这使他们更倾向于生活在他人为步失去自信心，这使他们更倾向于生活在他人为他们安排好狭窄圈子里，缺乏自己开创幸福生活他们安排好狭窄圈子里，缺乏自己开创幸福生活主动性。主动性。第27页uStage4:School-ageChildIndustryvsInferiorityTriestodevelopasenseofself-worthbyrefiningskills.u学龄期（学龄期（612岁），勤奋对自卑冲突岁），勤奋对自卑冲突u这一阶段儿童都应在学校接收教育。学校是这一阶段儿童都应在学校接收教育。学校是训练儿童适应社会、掌握今后生活所必需知识和训练儿童适应社会、掌握今后生活所必需知识和技能地方。假如他们能顺利地完成学习课程，他技能地方。假如他们能顺利地完成学习课程，他们就会取得勤奋感，这使他们在今后独立生活和们就会取得勤奋感，这使他们在今后独立生活和负担工作任务中充满信心。反之，就会产生自卑。负担工作任务中充满信心。反之，就会产生自卑。第28页Stage5:AdolescentIdentityvsRoleConfusionTriesintegratingmanyroles(child,sibling,student,athlete,worker)intoaself-imageunderrolemodelandpeerpressure.青春期（1218岁）：自我同一性和角色混乱冲突一方面青少年本能冲动高涨会带来问题，其次更重要是青少年面临新社会要求和社会冲突而感到困扰和混乱。所以，青少年期主要任务是建立一个新同一感或自己在别人眼中形象，以及他在社会集体中所占情感位置。这一阶段危机是角色混乱。第29页“这种统一性感觉也是一个不停增强自信心，一个在这种统一性感觉也是一个不停增强自信心，一个在过去经历中形成内在连续性和同一感（一个人心理过去经历中形成内在连续性和同一感（一个人心理上自我）。假如这种自我感觉与一个人在他人心目上自我）。假如这种自我感觉与一个人在他人心目中感觉相当，很显著这将为一个人生涯增添绚丽色中感觉相当，很显著这将为一个人生涯增添绚丽色彩彩”。埃里克森把同一性危机理论用于解释青少年对社会埃里克森把同一性危机理论用于解释青少年对社会不满和犯罪等社会问题上，他说：假如一个儿童感不满和犯罪等社会问题上，他说：假如一个儿童感到他所处于环境剥夺了他在未来发展中取得自我同到他所处于环境剥夺了他在未来发展中取得自我同一性种种可能性，他就将以令人吃惊力量抵抗社会一性种种可能性，他就将以令人吃惊力量抵抗社会环境。在人类社会丛林中，没有同一性感觉，就没环境。在人类社会丛林中，没有同一性感觉，就没有本身存在，所以，他宁做一个坏人，或干脆死人有本身存在，所以，他宁做一个坏人，或干脆死人般活着，也不愿做不伦不类人，他自由地选择这一般活着，也不愿做不伦不类人，他自由地选择这一切。切。第30页uStage6:YoungAdultIntimacyvsIsolationLearnstomakepersonalcommitmenttoanotherasspouse,parentorpartner.u成人早期（成人早期（1825岁）：亲密对孤独冲突岁）：亲密对孤独冲突uStage7:Middle-AgeAdultGenerativityvsStagnationSeekssatisfactionthroughproductivityincareer,family,andcivicinterests.u成年中期（成年中期（2550岁）：生育对自我专注冲突岁）：生育对自我专注冲突第31页uStage8:OlderAdultIntegrityvsDespairReviewslifeaccomplishments,dealswithlossandpreparesfordeath.u成年晚期（成年晚期（50岁以上）：自我调整与绝望期冲岁以上）：自我调整与绝望期冲突突第32页u埃里克森认为，在每一个心理社会发展阶段中，埃里克森认为，在每一个心理社会发展阶段中，处理了关键问题之后所产生人格特质，都包含了处理了关键问题之后所产生人格特质，都包含了主动与消极两方面品质，假如各个阶段都保持向主动与消极两方面品质，假如各个阶段都保持向主动品质发展，就算完成了这阶段任务，逐步实主动品质发展，就算完成了这阶段任务，逐步实现了健全人格，不然就会产生心理社会危机，出现了健全人格，不然就会产生心理社会危机，出现现情绪障碍情绪障碍，形成不健全人格。，形成不健全人格。第33页PartIIITextAnalysisI.ThemeofthetextCollegeisdesignedtobeatimeofchangesforstudents.Collegestudentsareexperiencingalot.Threateningthechangesmaybe,theycontributetoyoungadultsgrowthandmaturity.第34页StructureKeychangeswillhappenduringcollegeyears.(para.1)Keychangesindetail.(para.2-9)Restating thethesis:significance(para.10)Thesis:Supportive ideas:Thesis consolidation:bydefinition,explanation,citation,antithesis,example第35页SkimminguQ:Whatarethekeychangeswhichwillprobablyhappenincollegeyears?第36页The Key Changes(7)1.identitycrisis2.theindependence/dependencestruggle;3.establishmentofsexualidentity;4.affectiongivingandreceiving;5.internalizationofreligiousfaith,valuesandmorals;6.developmentofnewwaystoorganizeanduseknowledge;7.newunderstandingoftheworldandhimself/herself.Para.2Para.3-4Para.5Para.6Para.7Para.8Para.9第37页Q:Canyoufindthedefinitionof“identity”inpara.2?Howpeopleperceivethemselvesandhowotherpeopleperceivethem.第38页uQ:Howdocollegestudentsgothroughanidentitycrisisatcollege?Whatfactorsmayinfluenceidentity?uStudentsendeavortofindoutwhotheyareandwhattheirstrengthsandweaknessesare.Theywanttoknowhowotherpeopleperceivethemselvesaswell.uIdentitymaybeinfluencedbygenes,environmentandopportunities.第39页uQ:AccordingtoJefferyA.Hoffmansobservation,therearefourdistinctaspectstopsychologicalseparationfromonesparents.Whatarethey?uFunctionalindependence.uAttitudinalindependence.uEmotionalindependence.uFreedomfromexcessivefeelings(“excessiveguilt,anxiety,mistrust,responsibility,inhibition,resentment,andangerinrelationtothemotherandfather.”)第40页Q:Arecollegestudentstotallyindependentfromtheparents?Why?(paras.3-4)No.Theymaybecomefinanciallyindependentfromtheirparentsinpursuingforacollegeeducation.Buttheyhavechosentogrowandlearnhowtobeindependent.ENTER第41页uQ:Whatmaybeoneofthemoststressfulmatterscollegestudentsexperienceaccordingtotheauthor?uEstablishingtheirsexualidentity.Itincludesrelatingtotheoppositesexandprojectingtheirfuturerolesasmenorwomen.第42页uQ:Howdocollegestudentsbecomeworldcitizens?uAtcollege,theyoungadultshavegoodchancestomeetpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Byinteractingwiththem,theyareintroducedtonewwaysoflife.Theybegintounderstandlifeindifferentways.Bydoingthese,theyexperienceanewunderstandingoftheworldandthemselves.第43页Language study第44页ThesisIdentifyingthreequestions：HaveyoueverconsideredHasiteveroccurredtoyouHasiteverdawnedonyouThesis:Thoughcollegestudentsseldomthinkaboutthem,keychangeswillprobablyhappentothemduringtheircollegeyears.Para.1第45页Itoccurstosb.that/todoutocomeintoonesmind想起；想到想起；想到ue.g.Itneveroccurredtomethatwealthcouldruinapersonslife.uItneveroccurredtohimtolockhisdoorinthedaytime.u我突然想到她可能没说实话。我突然想到她可能没说实话。uItoccurredtomethatshemightnotbetellingthetruth.To be continued on the next page.第46页uSynonyms：utocomeintoonesmind;ue.g.Anewideacameintomymind.uItstrikessb.thatuItstruckherthatalthoughshewasnowrich,shewasnotreallyhappy.第47页todawnon/uponsb.to gradually become clear to someones mind;tobecomeevidenttosomeone.逐步明白逐步明白uItfinallydawnedonmethathehadbeenlying.u最终我才明白他一直在撒谎。最终我才明白他一直在撒谎。uThetruthbegantodawnonhim.u他开始明白真相他开始明白真相。第48页udevelopmentalchanges:Thisisapsychologicaltermwhich refers to the physiological and behavioralchangesthroughoutoneslife.ufrom adolescence to young adulthood:The termadolescence began as a Western concept,whichmeanstheperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood.fromadolescencetoyoungadulthoodisoftenmarkedbyanumberofsmallchangesinstatusduringorneartheendofadolescence.第49页Translation of Para.1u你是否考虑过，作为一名大学生，你生活现你是否考虑过，作为一名大学生，你生活现在起着什么改变，未来又会有什么改变？你是否在起着什么改变，未来又会有什么改变？你是否想过，大学教授和其它教职员为了你大课时代成想过，大学教授和其它教职员为了你大课时代成长和发展制订了目标吗？你是否想过，在长和发展制订了目标吗？你是否想过，在你由青你由青春期迈向成年过程中，你生活将发生一些成长改春期迈向成年过程中，你生活将发生一些成长改变吗变吗？即使大学生们极少思索这些问？即使大学生们极少思索这些问题，不过他题，不过他们在大课时代很可能会发生一些重大改变。们在大课时代很可能会发生一些重大改变。第50页goingthrough:u1.undergo；experience；suffer；endure经历经历;遭受；遭受；忍受（困难、痛苦等）忍受（困难、痛苦等）u*Theywentthroughmanyhardshipsduringthewaru他们在战争年代里历尽千辛万苦。他们在战争年代里历尽千辛万苦。u2.passthrough穿过穿过u*Therainhasgonethroughmyovercoatu雨水渗透了我大衣。雨水渗透了我大衣。To be continued on the next page.第51页u3.examine查阅查阅u*Iwillgothroughyourpapersu我将审阅你们论文。我将审阅你们论文。plete完成完成u*Aftermonthsofeffortstheworkfinallywentthrough经数月努力，工作终于完成。经数月努力，工作终于完成。u*Letsgothroughalltheexercisesbeforewegoout我们出去前把练习做完。我们出去前把练习做完。To be continued on the next page.第52页u5.bepassed；beaccepted被经过；被认可被经过；被认可u*Thelawhasnowgonethroughu这项法律已获经过。这项法律已获经过。u6.search搜查搜查u*TheCustomswentthroughallourluggageattheairportu在飞机场，海关把我们行李都检验了一遍在飞机场，海关把我们行李都检验了一遍u7.discusscarefully详细讨论详细讨论u*Letsgothroughthedetailsoftheexaminationu让我们详细讨论一下相关考试详细问题吧。让我们详细讨论一下相关考试详细问题吧。第53页identitycrisisuItreferstothedifficulties,confusionsandanxietiesthatyougothroughduringadolescencewhenyouarenotsurewhoyoureallyareandwhatyourpurposeinlifeis.u自我认识危机：青春期自我认识动摇、自我丧失所引自我认识危机：青春期自我认识动摇、自我丧失所引发心理危机。发心理危机。第54页toendeavortodosth.：totry/attempt/makeanefforttodosth.努力做努力做ue.g.uWemustalwaysendeavortoimproveourwork.uHeendeavoredtocalmhimselfdownbutinvain.un.effort;attemptuIdiomaticExpression:tomakeeveryendeavor/efforttodosth.尽一切努力尽一切努力ue.g.uPleasemakeeveryendeavortoarrivepunctually.uWemakeeveryendeavortosatisfyourcustomers.第55页perceiveu1.becomeawareof(sb/sth);notice;observe意识到意识到,注意到注意到,观察到观察到:uIperceivedthathisbehaviorhadchanged.u我发觉他行为有些改变我发觉他行为有些改变.To be continued on the next page.第56页u2.tothinkofas把把看作看作ue.g.Heperceivedhimselfaloserwhocouldnotevensupporthisfamily.u他认为自己是个失败者，因为不能抚养家人。他认为自己是个失败者，因为不能抚养家人。To be continued on the next page.第57页uDerivatives:uperception,观念观念,洞察力洞察力,认识能力认识能力uperceptive有洞察力有洞察力,uperceivable可觉察可觉察,感以为到感以为到uAssociates:-ceive:takeuconceive,构想构想，构想；怀孕，构想；怀孕uconception,.思想，观念思想，观念uconcept概念，观念，思想概念，观念，思想第58页ureceive,receiver,听筒听筒,接收器接收器,收款员收款员,接收者接收者ureceipturecipient接收者，接收者接收者，接收者,ureception,接收接收;接待接待;接待处接待处ureceptionist接待员接待员udeceive,deception,deceptive骗人骗人,虚伪虚伪,诈欺诈欺第59页.identityisdeterminedbygeneticendowment(whatisinheritedfromparents),shapedbyenvironment,andinfluencedbychanceevents.u【SentenceParaphrase】uWhoweareisdeterminedbythreethings;First,ourgenesorwhatourparentshavegivenus,ourlegacy;second,environment,andthird,luckoropportunities.第60页Lesson1-Your College Years endowment n.a.aqualityorabilitythatsomeonehasnaturally天赋b.money,property,etc.giventoprovideanincome捐赠捐助 Examples:Theyaremen of great endowments.TheOxfordandCambridgecollegeshave numerous endowments.牛津和剑桥大学有数不清捐助财物.To be continued on the next page.第61页Lesson1-Your College Years endow v.a.topossessnaturally,bebornwithb.togiveacollege,hospitaletc.alargesumofmoneythatwillprovideitwithanincomeExamples:Sheis endowed withbothbeautyandbrains.Thathospitalis privately endowed.第62页Lesson1-Your College Years inherit v.toreceivegeneticcharactersfromonesparents Examples:inheritmoney/estate/titleSheinherited hermothersgoodlooksandherfathersbadtemper.n.inheritance n.heritageWord formation To be continued on the next page.第63页Lesson1-Your College Years inheritance n.themoney,property,etc.thatyoureceivefromsb.whentheydie;thefactofreceivingsth.whensb.diesShespentallherinheritance inayear.heritagen.thehistory,traditionsandqualitiesthatacountryorsocietyhashadformanyyearsandthatareconsideredanimportantpartofitscharacternational/culturalheritage 第64页chanceadj.:accidentale.g.uThischancemeetingwiththemanchangedherwholelife.u和那个男人偶然相遇改变了她一生。和那个男人偶然相遇改变了她一生。uThismedicineissaidtobeachancediscovery.u听说这种药是偶然发觉。听说这种药是偶然发觉。第65页Translation of Para.2u在此期间，学生要经历一次自我认同危机，他在此期间，学生要经历一次自我认同危机，他们想弄明白自己是什么样人，自己优点和弱点在哪们想弄明白自己是什么样人，自己优点和弱点在哪里。他们当然有不少优点和弱点。知道人们怎样对里。他们当然有不少优点和弱点。知道人们怎样对待他们自己，以及他人怎样对待自己，这一点待他们自己，以及他人怎样对待自己，这一点很主很主要。在国际社会科学百科全书要。在国际社会科学百科全书1979一篇讨一篇讨论爱利克论爱利克.H.埃里克森埃里克森(心理学）理论文章里，皮尔心理学）理论文章里，皮尔斯和兰多认为，性格特征形成取决于基因（由父母斯和兰多认为，性格特征形成取决于基因（由父母遗传遗传),受环境塑造，并受偶然事件影响。人们受环受环境塑造，并受偶然事件影响。人们受