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The End of the Civil WarJay Winik第1页R einforcementT ext AnalysisThe End of the Civil WarB ackgroundW arming upUnit 10第2页Questions/ActivitiesCheck-on PreviewObjectivesUnit 10Warming upThe End of the Civil War第3页Warming upQuestions/Activities1.Howdidcivilwarsusuallyend?Anyexamples?WhatabouttheLiberationWarinChina?2.InwhatwayswastheendingoftheAmericanCivilWarunique?3.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmadethisspecialendingpossible?4.InwhatwayswassuchanendingsignificanttotheUS?第4页1.Pleasemakealistofthenamesofpeopleandplacesintheessayandputthemintohistoricalcontext.2.WasLeesdecisiontosurrendereasy?Whyorwhynot?3.WhatwasLincolnsvisionfortheendoftheCivilWar?4.HowdoyouinterpretLeesandGrantsdifferentwaysofattiringattheAppomattoxHouse?5.AgainstwhatabackgrounddidtheBennettHouseSurrendertakeplace?6.WhydidtheBennettHouseSurrenderconcludethesamewayastheAppomattoxSurrender?Warming upQuestions/Activities第5页 The UnionWhos who and for what?1.AbrahamLincoln2.UlyssesS.Grant3.AndrewJohnson4.WilliamSeward5.BillShermana.UnionGeneralCommanderb.USPresidentc.UnionSecretaryofStated.UnionGenerale.VicePresidentA.MercyB.Punishment C.Not Known Warming upCheck-on Preview第6页 The Confederacy1.JeffersonDavis2.RobertLee3.MaryLee4.JoeJohnstona.CommandingGeneral,MoralConscienceoftheSouthb.ConfederatePresidentc.ConfederateGenerald.Great-granddaughterofWashingtonA.Surrender B.Guerilla Warfare C.Not Known Check-on PreviewWarming upWhos who and for what?第7页Objectives1.Understandthestructureoftheessay.2.UnderstandtheuniquenessoftheendingoftheAmericanCivilWar.3.ExplainthesignificanceofsuchanendingtoAmerica.4.Understanddifferenthistoricperspectives.Warming up第8页BackgroundHistory AuthorThe End of the Civil WarUnit 10第9页Jay WinikJay WinikSeniorscholarofhistoryandpublicpolicyintheSchoolofPublicAffairs,UniversityofMarylandLeadinghistorianoftheAmericanCivilWarBackgroundAuthor第10页1.ThecombatantsintheCivilWarweretheUnion(northernstates)againsttheConfederacy(southernstates).TrueorFalse?2.Thiswarhadmanycauses.Whatdothehistoriansbelievetobetheprimary?A.PoliticalturmoilB.SecessionC.SlaveryissuesD.Statesrights A quiz on the civil warBackgroundHistory第11页3.TheNorthandtheSouthquarreledintheCongressoverwhetherthenewly-acquiredstatesinthewestshouldbeadmittedintotheunionasfreestatesorslavestates.True or False?4.TheNorthandtheSouthweremuchdifferentinitspeople,customsandwayoflife.True or False?5.Neithersidewasreallypreparedforwar.TheNorthhadasmallarmyandtheSouthhadnone.True or False?6.Thewarwouldseeabout75,000orphanslosingtheirfathers.Therefore,memoryofthewarhaslastedforgenerations.True or False?BackgroundHistory 第12页Movie&TV Productions on the Civil War BackgroundHistory第13页DetailedAnalysisStructureThemeText AnalysisThe End of the Civil WarUnit 10第14页Questions for thinking 1.InwhatwayswastheendingoftheAmericanCivilWaruniqueinthehumanhistoryofcivilwars?2.Accordingtotheauthor,wassuchanendinginevitableornot?Whyorwhynot?3.Accordingtothetext,whatcontributedtosuchauniqueending?Text AnalysisTheme第15页I.Purpose and approach(paras.1-2)II.The Appomattox Surrender(paras.3-15)A.Leesdecisiontosurrender(paras.3-5)B.Lincolnsvision(paras.6-8)III.The final surrender(paras.16-22)Text AnalysisStructureC.TheAppomattoxSurrender(paras.9-15)A.Volatilesituationafterthesurrender(paras.16-19)B.TheBennettHouseSurrender(paras.20-22)第16页Part I:Discussion1.Whatisthecommonconcerninthestudyofwars?2.Whatistheauthorsresearchtopic/purpose?3.Whydoestheauthorchoosesuchatopic?4.Whatkindofhistoricoutlookdoestheauthorhave?inevitabilityvs.chanceevents5.Whatkindofapproachdoestheauthoradopt?6.Whatshouldbetherightapproachtowardhistory?7.Whatistheacademicwritinglike?(para.1)researchtopic(what)rationaleforthetopic(why)approach(how)Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis第17页Part II(A):Discussion1.WhatwasthefatefulchoicefacingRobertLee?2.WhatwereLeesconcerns?Good citizens with honor and dignityRebels with rage in a continued civil warvs.Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis第18页Leeraisedthedreadedconceptofsurrender,andhesaid,“Whatwillthecountrythink?”(para.4)AndWiselookedoveratLee,andhesaid,“Country?MyGod,man,youarethecountrytothesemen.”(para.5)3.DidLeeandWisemeanthesamethingby“thecountry”?Whyorwhynot?4.WhatifLeesharedWisesunderstanding?5.HowwerethedifferentunderstandingssignificanttotheendingoftheCivilWar?Part II(A):DiscussionText AnalysisDetailed Analysis第19页Part II(A):Words&Expressionsbe caked withThesurfacesofthislivingareaarealwayscakedwithoilstains.Hedidntlookalarmedorfrightened,buthisforeheadwascakedwithdirtandblood.Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis第20页Part II(B):Discussion1.WhatdidLincolnfear?GuerrillawarfareAfinalbloodyArmageddon2.WhatwasLincolnsvision?NohangingsorbloodyworkButsurrenderwithdignityandgraceAbrahamLincolnvisitsCityPoint,VAText AnalysisDetailed Analysis第21页“Letthemsurrenderandgohome,theywillnottakeuparmsagain.Letthemallgo,officersandall,letthemhavetheirhorsestoplowwith,and,ifyoulike,theirgunstoshootcrowswith.TreatthemliberallyIsay,givethemthemostliberalandhonorableterms.”AbrahamLincoln(CityPoint,Virginia,onboardRiver Queen,March28,1865)Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis第22页Part II(B):Words&Expressionsin effect/fact/reality CityPointwas,ineffect,anarmedcommandpostfortheNorthernArmy.confer withto meet and discuss with(sb)to make a decisionHealwaysconferswithhiscolleaguesbeforereachingadecision.Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis第23页Part II(C):Discussion1.HowwastheAppomattoxsurrender“farricher”?UncertaintyofLeesfate:anotherdefeatedgeneral?OutcriesforpunishmentandvengeanceWhatifGrant,whohasareputationas“UnconditionalSurrender,”didnotcarryoutLincolnsvision?ThousandsofmenstandingatraptattentionText AnalysisDetailed Analysis第24页“Andheshouldhavebeennervousbecause,throughouthistory,asheknewalltoowell,defeatedgeneralsandrevolutionariesandtraitorsweretypicallybeheaded,ortheywerehanged,ortheywereimprisonedor,likeGeneralNapoleon,theywereexiled.”2.Whowerethesegeneralsandrevolutionaries?Givesomenames!3.Whyso?Typically,peoplebelievethattheendingofthewardecideswhoisright!Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II(C):Discussion第25页4.Whatarethetermsforsurrender?TheArmyofNorthernVirginia:paroledSoldiers:takehometheirhorsesormulesOfficers:allowedtokeeptheirsidearms(Leesparedfromthehumiliationofaclassicsurrenderofhissword)Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II(C):Discussion第26页The Appomattox Surrender 5.LeesandGrantsdifferentwaysofattiring,deliberateornot?Text AnalysisDetailed Analysismoreinformation第27页QuotesfromUlyssesGrant:“Ifeltlikeanythingratherthanrejoicingatthedownfallofafoewhohadfoughtsolongandvaliantly,andhadsufferedsomuchforacause,thoughthatcausewas,Ibelieve,oneoftheworstforwhichapeopleeverfought,andoneforwhichtherewastheleastexcuse.Idonotquestion,however,thesincerityofthegreatmassofthosewhowereopposedtous.”“Thewarisover.Therebelsareourcountrymenagain,andthebestsightofrejoicingafterthevictorywillbetoabstainfromalldemonstrations.”Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis第28页“Boys,IhavedonethebestIcouldforyou.Gohomenow.Andifyoumakeasgoodcitizensasyouhavesoldiers,youwilldowell.Ishallalwaysbeproudofyou.Goodbye.AndGodblessyouall.”Fromthecrowdcamealoudcry.“Farewell,GeneralLee!IwishforyoursakeandminethateverydamnedYankeeonearthwassunktenmilesinhell!”Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisQuotesfromGeneralLee:第29页Part II(C):Words&Expressionsat handclose in distance or timedefy logic;defy the oddsto go against sth;not to happen according to the principlesThecompanysexplanationfortheaccidentdefieslogic.Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisstraightenuptelescopethrongdigressripapartwantapieceofsthforgeReview第30页Part III(A):Volatile situation after Appomattox1.Confederate armies still fighting in the fieldCommanderDateofSurrenderTennesseeJosephE.Johnston April18,1865Alabama&MississippiRichardTaylorMay4,1865ArkansasM.JeffThompsonMay12,1865Louisiana&TexasE.KirbySmithMay26,1865IndianTerritoryStandWatieJune28,1865Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis第31页2.Jefferson Davis calling for guerrilla warfare SenatorPresidentoftheConfederacyAdvocateofguerrillawarfareCapturedandimprisonedonMay10,1865FailedbusinessmanAuthor:The Rise and Fall of the Confederate GovernmentText AnalysisDetailed Analysis第32页3.Mary Lees urge for continued fighting RobertLeeswifeGreat-granddaughterofMarthaWashington WhatmighttheConfederacymeantoMaryLeeandtomanyotherconfederates?Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis第33页4.Assassination of Lincolndecapitation!April14,1865,FordsTheatreinWashington,D.C.Assassin:JohnWilkesBoothPartofalargerconspiracyforcontinuedfightingText AnalysisDetailed Analysis第34页5.Union government in crisis Whatwasthecrisis?PresidentassassinatedVice-presidentincapableandunpopularTemptationsforregency,cabinetgovernmentandmilitarycoupGeneralssuspectedandlaterwarnedThetransitionmechanismText AnalysisDetailed Analysis第35页Andrew Johnson,the buffoon Southerner,borninNorthCarolina17thPresidentoftheUS(1865-1869)ConciliatorypoliciestowardstheSouthVetoesofcivilrightsbillsNoclearpartyidentitythebuffoonThefirstUSPresidenttoundergoanimpeachmenttrialText AnalysisDetailed Analysis第36页Bill Sherman,the conspirator?No.2intheUnionArmy,afterGrantNervousbreakdownduringtheCivilWar“Createhavocanddestructionofallresourcesthatwouldbebeneficialtotheenemy.”DisreputeintheWestwardMomentText AnalysisDetailed Analysis第37页The transition mechanism established by the founders(Founding Fathers)1.President2.Vice-President3.HouseSpeaker4.ActingSenateSpeaker5.SecretaryofState6.SecretaryofTreasurySection1,ArticleII,the ConstitutionAmendmentXXAmendmentXXVText AnalysisDetailed Analysis第38页Part III(A):Words&Expressionsbehind sthresponsible for sth;the cause of sth Whatsbehindhisovernightsuccess?Hesoneofthepeoplebehindtherapiddevelopmentincomputerscience.Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisReviewforthatmattersurrenderbedescendedfromgripvolatileunseatfigureunderwayintendforsbtodowriteoff第39页Part III(B):Discussion1.HowdidShermanbehavedifferentlyinhandlingtheBennettHouseSurrender?Howtoaccountforthechange?2.HowdidShermanandtheWashingtoncirclesinterpretShermansgeneroustermstoConfederates?ShermanCarryingoutLincolnsvision The Washington circles(the Union Cabinet)AconspiracytobrideConfederateofficerswithverygeneroustermsANapoleoniccoupunderwayGrantsenttotalktoShermanText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPerceptions Matter!第40页Part III(B):Words&Expressionsa days/two days,etc.worth of sthan amount of sth that lasts for a specified length of time Hehas50yearsworthofexperienceinteaching.pave the way for sb/sthto make it easier for sb to do sth or for sth to happen HisresearchpavedthewayfordevelopingnewITproducts.Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisReviewinchaostakeover第41页The End of the Civil WarUnit 10ReinforcementDiscussion第42页1.Reconsider the ending of the American Civil WarWhatlessonsshallwelearnfromtheuniqueendingoftheAmericanCivilWar?Howdoyouunderstand“Wardoesnotdecidewhoisrightbutwhoisleft.”?ReinforcementDiscussion第43页2.Reconsider our historic outlook Wheredoyoustandintheolddebate“Isitthetimesthatproducetheirheroes,ortheheroeswhousherinthetimes?”Howdoyouunderstand“therichnessofhistory”?ReinforcementDiscussion第44页
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