2023年商志老师四六级课程专用讲义.doc

商志老师四六级课程专用讲义1四六级中旳阅读理解部分需要40 分钟做完。共分为3 部分，合计248.5 分：Section A是选词填空，占35.5 分；Section B 是匹配题，占71 分；Section C 是深度阅读，占142 分。今天我们先来讲第一部分（Section A），选词填空。练习题一For many Americans, 2023 ended with an unusually bitter cold spell. Late November and December 3 6 early snow and bone-chilling temperatures in much of the country, part of a year when, for the first time in two 37 , record-cold days will likely turn out to have outnumbered record-warm ones. But the U.S. was the exception: November was the warmest ever 38 , and current data indicates that 2023 is likely to have been the fourth hottest year on record.Enjoy the snow now, because 39 are good that 2023 will be even hotter, perhaps the hottest year since records have been kept. Thats because, scientists are predicting, 2023 will be anEl Nio year.El Nio, Spanish for “the child”, 40 when surface ocean waters in the southern Pacific become abnormally warm. So large is the Pacific, covering 30% of the planets surface, that the 41 energy generated by its warming is enough to touch off a series of weather changes aroundthe world. El Nios are 42 with abnormally dry conditions in Southeast Asia and Australia.They can lead to extreme rain in parts of North and South America, even as southern Africa 43 dry weather. Marine life may be affected too; El Nios can 44 the rising of the cold, nutrient-rich（营养丰富旳）water that supports large fish 45 , and the unusually warm ocean temperatures can destroy coral（珊瑚）.A) additional B) associated C) boreD) chances E) communicated F) decadesG) experiences H) globally I) logicallyJ) occurs K) populations L) realizeM) reduce N) saw O) specific练习题二Children do not think the way adults do. For most of the first year of life, if something is out of sight, its out of mind. If you cover a babys 36 toy with a piece of cloth, the baby thinks the toy has disappeared and stops looking for it. A 4-year-old may 37 that a sister has more fruit juice when it is only the shapes of the glasses that differ, not the 38 of juice.Yet children are smart in their own way. Like good little scientists, children are always testing their child-sized 39 about how things work. When your child throws her spoon on the floor for the sixth time as you try to feed her, and you say, “Thats enough! I will not pick up your spoon again!” the child will 40 test your claim. Are you serious? Are you angry? What will happen if she throws the spoon again? She is not doing this to drive you 41 ; rather, she is learning that her desires and yours can differ, and that sometimes those 42 are important and sometimes they are not.How and why does childrens thinking change? In the 1920s, Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget proposed that childrens cognitive（认知旳）abilities unfold 43 , like the blooming of a flower, almost independent of what else is 44 in their lives. Although many of his specific conclusionshave been 45 or modified over the years, his ideas inspired thousands of studies by investigators all over the world.A) advocate B) amount C) confirmedD) crazy E) definite F) differencesG) favorite H) happening I) immediatelyJ) naturally K) obtaining L) primarilyM) protest N) rejected O) theories练习题三It seems to be a law in the technology industry that leading companies eventually lose their positions, often quickly and brutally. Mobile phone champion Nokia, one of Europes biggesttechnology success stories, was no 36, losing its market share in just a few years.In 2023, Nokia accounted for more than 40% of mobile phone sales 37 . But consumers preferences were already 38 toward touch-screen smartphones. With the introduction of Apples iPhone in the middle of that year, Nokias market share 39 rapidly and revenue plunged. By theend of 2023, Nokia had sold its phone business to Microsoft.What sealed Nokias fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in his position as CEO, which he 40 in October 2023. Each day that Elop spent in charge of Nokia, the companys market value declined by $23 million, making him, by the numbers, one of the worst CEOs in history.But Elop was not the only person at 41. Nokias board resisted change, making it impossible for the company to adapt to rapid shifts in the industry. Most 42 , Jorma Ollila, who had led Nokias transition from an industrial company to a technology giant, was too fascinated by the companys 43 success to recognize the change that was needed to sustain its competitiveness.The company also embarked on a 44 cost-cutting program, which included the elimination of thousands of jobs. This contributed to the 45 of the companys once-spirited culture, which had motivated employees to take risks and make miracles. Good leaders left the company, taking Nokias sense of vision and direction with them. Not surprisingly, much of Nokias most valuable design and programming talent left as well.A) assumed B) bias C) desperateD) deterioration E) exception F) faultG) incidentally H) notably I) previousJ) relayed K) shifting L) shrankM) subtle N) transmitting O) worldwide练习题4As it is, sleep is so undervalued that getting by on fewer hours has become a badge of honor.Plus, we live in a culture that 36 to the late-nighter, from 24-hour grocery stores to online shopping sites that never close. Its no surprise, then, that more than half of American adults dont get the 7 to 9 hours of shut-eye every night as 37 by sleep experts.Whether or not we can catch up on sleepon the weekend, sayis a hotly 38 topic among sleep researches. The latest evidence suggests that while it isnt 39 , it might help. When Liu, the UCLA sleep researcher and professor of medicine, brought 40 sleep-restricted people into the lab for a weekend of sleep during which they logged about 10 hours per night, they showed 41 in the ability of insulin（胰岛素）to process blood sugar. That suggests that catch-up sleep may undo some but not all of the damage that sleep 42 causes, which is encouraging, given how many adults dont get the hours they need each night. Still, Liu isnt 43 to endorse the habit of sleeping less and making up for it later.Sleeping pills, while helpful for some, are not 44 an effective remedy either. “A sleeping pill will 45 one area of the brain, but theres never going to be a perfect sleeping pill, because you couldnt really replicate（复制）the different chemicals moving in and out of different parts ofthe brain to go through the different stages of sleep,” says Dr. Nancy Collop, director of the Emory University Sleep Center.A) alternatively B) caters C) chronicallyD) debated E) deprivation F) idealG) improvements H) necessarily I) negotiatedJ) pierce K) presumption L) readyM) recommended N) surpasses O) target