科技英语1市公开课一等奖百校联赛特等奖课件.pptx

科科 技技 英英 语语（English for Science and Technology）跨院系跨专业选修课主讲：谢谢 静静第1页English for Science and TechnologyvAim:Introduce the conceptions,principles,historical facts,policies and developments of science and technology;Popularize the knowledge of science;Broaden the vocabulary of EST;Improve the level of EST.第2页vContent:-Religions and Conflicts -Space and Exploration -Energy and Development -Human and Environment第3页Religions and ConflictsvWhat is religion?Kile Jones wrote in his essay on defining religion:“It is apparent that religion can be seen as a theological(神学),philosophical(哲学),anthropological(人类学),sociological(社会学),and psychological(心理学)phenomenon of human kind.To limit religion to only one of these categories is to miss its multifaceted nature and lose out on the complete definition.第4页Human recognition of superhuman controlling power and especially of a personal God entitled to obedience.The Concise Oxford Dictionary a cause,principle,or system of beliefs held to with ardor and faith.Merriam-Websters Online Dictionaryany specific system of belief and worship,often involving a code of ethics and a philosophy.Websters New World Dictionary 第5页The Five World Religions第6页vChristianity(基督教)vIslam(伊斯兰教)vJudaism(犹太教)vHinduism(印度教)vBuddhism(佛教)第7页Christianity第8页silent night billy gilman silent night,holy nightall is calm,all is brightround yon virgin mother and childholy infant so tender and mildsleep in heavenly peacesleep in heavenly peacesilent night,holy nightson of god,loves pure lightradiant beams from thy holy facewith the dawn of redeeming gracechrist,the savior is bornchrist,the savior is bornchrist,the savior is born第9页vMost widespreadreligion in the world.vPresent in the USA,Canada,SouthAmerica,Australia,and England,among others.vVarious forms exist including Roman Catholic(罗马天主教),Lutheran(路德教),Methodist(卫理公会),Baptist(浸信会).第10页Christianitys BeliefsvGod,Jesus and the Saint Christians believe that there is only one God,whom they call Father as Jesus Christ taught them.Christians recognise Jesus as the Son of God who was sent to save mankind from death and sin.The word saint is most commonly used to refer to a Christian who has lived a particularly good and holy life on earth,and with whom miracles are claimed to have been associated after their death.In the Bible,however,the word saint is used as a description of anyone who is a committed believer,particularly by St.Paul in the New Testament.第11页vThe Trinity Christians believe in the Trinity-that is in God as Father,Son and Holy Spirit.There is only one God.He is a Trinity of Father,Son and Holy Spirit.God lived on earth as Jesus,who was both wholly God and wholly human.Because Jesus was wholly human,he was subject to pain,suffering and sorrow like other human beings.He died on the Cross so that those who believe in him will be forgiven all their sins.Jesus promised that he would stay with his followers,so after he went to Heaven he sent his Spirit to guide them.The Holy Spirit continues to guide,comfort,and encourage Christians.第12页vGod(上帝)vCreation(创造)vSin(罪)vRedemption(救赎)vImmortality(灵魂与永生)第13页IslamvThe majority of people in the Middle East are Muslimsv1.2 billion followers(20%of humanity)vFollow the teachings of Muhammada prophet,not a divine being第14页Islam Beliefs The simplest form of Muslim beliefs is summarised in the Declaration of Faith(pictured):There is no god but Allah,and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.第15页vQuran:word of God transmitted through Muhammad submission to Allah as the path to inner peacev5 Pillars of Islam:-1.Allah is one true God,Muhammad his messenger -2.Ritual prayer -3.Give alms to the poor -4.Fast during Ramadan(斋月)-5.Pilgrimage at least once to Mecca第16页vFinal judgement by GodvMuslims must defend their faith holy wars(jihad)against nonbelievers -Many countries recently have tried to rid their society of morally wrong Western influences第17页JudaismvSomething less than a world religion with only 15 million followers around the worldvOnly in Israel do Jews represent the national majorityvUSA has largest concentration of Jews(6 million)Synagogue(犹太教会堂)第18页Judaism BeliefsvCovenant:special relationship with God by which Jews became the“chosen people.”vRegard Old Testament as a record of their history and a statement of the duties of Jewish lifevJudaism is the faith of a CommunityvJudaism is a family faith第19页HinduismvOldest of all world religionsv14%of all humanity are HindusvRemains an Eastern Religion,located in India,Pakistan,Indonesia,and South AfricavNot linked to the life of a single person第20页Shiva(湿婆湿婆)Brahman(梵天梵天)第21页vHindus believe that existence is a cycle of birth,death,and rebirth,governed by Karma.vHindus believe that the soul passes through a cycle of successive lives and its next incarnation is always dependent on how the previous life was lived.vThe Vedas(吠陀经)are the most ancient religious Hindu text and define the truth.vHindus believe that the texts were received by scholars directly from God and passed onto generations by word of mouth.vHindus celebrate many holy days,but the Festival of Lights,Diwali(排灯节)is the most well known第22页第23页Buddhismv350 million Buddhists(6%of people)vLocated in Thailand,Cambodia,Japan,India,and ChinavResembles Hinduism in doctrine,but stems from the life of one person,Buddha(佛)第24页vBuddhism arose as a result of Siddhartha Gautamas quest for Enlightenment in around the 6th Century BCE vThere is no belief in a personal God.It is not centred on the relationship between humanity and God vBuddhists believe that nothing is fixed or permanent-change is always possible vThe two main Buddhist sects are Theravada(小乘佛教)Buddhism and Mahayana(大乘佛教)Buddhism.vBuddhism is a very colourful faith with many festivals throughout the year vBuddhists can worship both at home or at a temple 第25页THANKS!第26页