1、IPA-International Phonetic Alphabet音标音标第1页音音 标标英语共有英语共有48个音素,其中元音音素个音素,其中元音音素20个,辅音音素个,辅音音素28个。个。英语辅音和元音在语言中作用相当于汉语中生母和韵英语辅音和元音在语言中作用相当于汉语中生母和韵母。母。统计英语音素符号叫做音标。统计英语音素符号叫做音标。音标放在两条斜线(音标放在两条斜线(/),以免和字母混同。),以免和字母混同。第2页国际音标元音元音分类分类:英语中共有英语中共有48个音标,元音个音标,元音20个,辅音个,辅音28个。个。单元音单元音双元音双元音前元音前元音中元音中元音后元音后元音/i
2、:/,/I/,/e/,/:/,/,/u:/,/,/:/,/,/:/eI/,/aI/,/I/,/I/,/e/,/,/a/,/,辅音辅音爆破音爆破音磨檫音磨檫音鼻鼻音音半元音半元音舌边音舌边音/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/f/,/v/,/s/,/z/,/,/,/,/,/,/,/,/,/h/,/r/,/m/,/n/,/l/w/,/j/tr/,/dr/,/ts/,/dz/,/t/,/,/,破擦音破擦音第3页元音元音字母a,e,i,o,u第4页单元音单元音/i:/舌尖抵下齿,舌前部向硬腭抬起,嘴角向两边张开,流露出微笑表情,适当拉长发音。与字母E发音相同。注意:“:”是长音符号,长元音往
3、往比它对应短元音长两倍以上。发音组合:eeeea第5页/i:/例词:例词:heshemeweTVeveningthesebeP.E.treefeeldeepseegreenmeetthreeneedfifteenfreeweeksheep.第6页teacherseateatreasonseaeasyice-creamreallypleasekey.第7页单元音单元音/-/i/舌尖抵下齿,舌前部向硬腭抬起,比/i:/低,嘴型扁平。注意嘴巴比/i:/大,发音比/i:/短。发音组合:i第8页/i/-/i/例词例词:bighishistorysixisinitshiphillchicksmiddles
4、isterringthinktenniswithBillmilkdinnerfifthtripfinishtill第9页lThickticksthinkthinticksaresick.lIscream,youscream,weallscreamforice-cream!第10页元音元音/e/l嘴形扁平,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬起。发音组合:eeaa第11页/e/例词例词:penpencilbedletlegwelltensettennislessonnextWednesdayFebruarysecondtestverysellegggetdeskwelcomeyessevenredspell第
5、12页/e/例词例词:heavenheadbreaddeaddeathsweaterweatherbreakfastmarryanymanparent第13页单元音单元音/l舌尖抵下齿,嘴角尽可能拉向两边,成扁平形。是全部音标里面嘴巴咧最宽一个,同时嘴巴也要张大,上下齿之间可容纳食指和中指。发音组合:a第14页例词:amapplethathandthankmapjacketblackcangrandmotherfamilyhavedadbaghatsaladhamburgercarrothabbitJanuaryhappy.Cat,cat,catchthatfatrat./第15页前元音发音规
6、律/i:/i/e/n n舌尖抵下齿n n舌前部抬起高度逐步降低n n牙床张开程度逐步加大第16页Tonguetwister前元音1.Sheseeshischeese.2.Todaysfreshbreadisalreadyready.3.Fiveredcatsareflyingtenyellowkites.第17页单元音/:/-/:/l舌中部稍抬起,舌尖微抵下齿,双唇扁平,发音较长。发音组合:orirerurear第18页/:/-/:/例词:例词:girlbirdfirstbirthdayshirtskirtthirdthirteenworkwormcolortermhers第19页burnsu
7、rfpurpleburgerThursdayturnpearllearn第20页lThenursesinskirtswashedthirtydirtyshirts.第21页单元音单元音/l双唇扁平,舌尖微抵下齿,口张开比/:/略大发音组合:aeroro第22页/例词:例词:appearagainaliketeachermotherdriverrulersistermotherfatherdaughtercomputervisitordoctoractorwelcome第23页元音/l舌头后部靠前部分稍微抬起,舌尖和舌端两侧舌头后部靠前部分稍微抬起,舌尖和舌端两侧触及下齿。双唇向两旁平伸。触及下
8、齿。双唇向两旁平伸。发音组合:发音组合:uo第24页例词:例词:cuprunjumpmustmuchbutusfunlunchunclesubjectSundaysoncolormotherlovecomebrotherdoesmonthsomeMonday;Floodcousin/第25页Tonguetwister中元音中元音l1.Someearlybirdsruntoeatthewormsinthesun.l2.Unclewasupsetbecausehewasunabletoputhisumbrellaup.l3.Doublebubblegumbubblesdouble.第26页元音元音
9、/u:/l长元音,嘴形小而圆,微微外突,舌头尽可能后缩。l舌后部向上抬起,嘴巴要收又小又圆,而且向外突出。l与汉语中“呜”音很像。发音组合:oooouu第27页/u:/例词:例词:zoofoodcoolpooltooafternoonschoolclassroomtombtowholoseblueJuneTuesdaygroupshoefruit第28页单元音单元音/-/u/l短元音。嘴唇张开略向前突出,嘴形稍收圆并放松些。l注意嘴巴形状,嘴巴张开略向前突出,舌头后部略向上抬起,发短促音即可。发音组合:oouou第29页/-/u/例词:例词:foot-feedwoodbooklookgoodp
10、ushpullfullJulysureshould第30页元音/:/l舌头置于口腔底部,口腔完全张开,不过不成圆形。然后将舌身再稍稍向后缩.双唇也收更圆更小发音组合:aooawouoreauorar第31页/:/例词:例词:forkmorningforairportsportshorttalkballcall;boringlongfloor;fouryourboughtthought;caughtnaughtydaughterbecause第32页元音元音/-/l舌头置于口腔底部,口腔完全张开,不过不成圆形。然后将舌身再稍稍向后缩。第33页/-/例词:例词:cockshopjobbox第34页
11、单元音单元音/:/l长元音。口腔打开,嘴张大,舌身平放后缩,舌尖离开下齿,l下巴收低一点,轻松发音。与“啊”发音有点像。第35页/:/例词:例词:lastfatherclassafterbasketball;arecarcardgardenstarguitarMarchpartyart第36页Tonguetwister后元音后元音lThecarwhichMarkborrowedfromhisfathercantgofarther.lThecooktookagoodlookathercookbook.lAgoodcookcouldcookasmuchcookiesasagoodcookwhoco
12、uldcookcookies.第37页你还记得前面出现过那些单元音吗你还记得前面出现过那些单元音吗?/i:/,/i/,/e/,/:/,/,/,/:/u:/,/u/,/:/,/,第38页_/i:/i/e/a:/:/u:/u/:/单元音单元音 vowels(12个个)第39页 双元音双元音 /ei/,/ai/,/i/,/i/,/e/,/a/,/,第40页双元音双元音/eI/-/ei/l由e和i两个单音组成,/e/重读,/i/轻读,口形由半开到合,与字母A发音相同。发音组合:eiaaiay第41页/eI/-/ei/例词:例词:radiotapefacecakenamelatebaseballgame
13、tableplanesametakemakefavoritewaitraineightsayalwaysplaydaymayheygreat第42页双元音/aI/-/ai/l口形由开到合,牙齿由全开过分到全闭。发音组合:yiuy第43页/aI/-/ai/例词:例词:findlibraryhifinekitewritetidybicyclewhitenicefiveninericepriceChinaminelikerighttimescienceFridaybuyguy;whymybye第44页TonguetwisterlIliketoridemylightwhitebike,andflyaw
14、hitelightkitewithmywife.第45页双元音双元音/i/l前元音重读,后元音轻读,双唇从圆到扁,口形从开到合,l牙齿从全开到逐步闭合,注意连贯性。发音组合:oyoi第46页/I/例词:例词:boytoyBoilnoisecoin第47页双元音双元音/i/前元音重读,后元音轻读,双唇一直半开。发音组合:eerearere第48页/I/例词:例词:beerdeerearfearnearhere第49页双元音双元音/e/前重后轻,舌端抵下齿,双唇半开.发音组合:airearareere第50页/e/例词:例词:hairbarepearChairthere第51页lThemanwit
15、hfairhairdarenotrepairtheirchairtherebecausethereisabearthere.第52页双元音双元音/l前重后轻,嘴唇由收圆到半开,口形由合到开,双唇由圆到扁平。发音组合:oorureour第53页/例词:例词:tourpoorsuregourd第54页双元音双元音/a/l/a/重读,/u/轻读,口形由大到小。发音组合:ouow第55页/a/例词:例词:wowhownowhousemouthabouttrouserssoundhour第56页双元音双元音/l口形由半开到小,与字母O发音相同。l前面音清楚而较长,后面音圆唇,发音含糊而较短发音字母oow
16、oa第57页/例词:例词:sonophonethosephotoclothesoldonlysofayellowknowthrowcoatboattoe第58页那么你能说出全部双元音吗那么你能说出全部双元音吗?/eI/,/aI/,/I/,/I/,/e/,/a/,/,第59页_/I/e/u/eI/aI/u/au/I/双元音双元音 vowels(8个个)第60页元音总结绝对开音节a,e,i,o,u,音节结尾处发字母本音相对开音节辅音后哑音e,辅音前字母本音a,e,i,o,u,闭音节,辅音前或中间夹,常把短语发/e/i/第61页Penandpencil,pencilandpen,penandpencil,sayitagain.ApoemOnetwothreefourfive,OnceIcaughtafishalive.Sixseveneightnineten,ThenIletitgoagain.Whydidyouletitgo?Becauseitbitmyfingerso.Whichfingerdiditbite?Thelittlefingerontheright.第62页