英语发展史专题知识省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

第1页大约在五世纪左右，日耳曼族入侵英格兰岛，主要有盎大约在五世纪左右，日耳曼族入侵英格兰岛，主要有盎格鲁、撒克逊、朱特这三个族群。他们方言发展成古英格鲁、撒克逊、朱特这三个族群。他们方言发展成古英语。古英语又受到了说语。古英语又受到了说Old NorseOld Norse斯堪地那维亚入侵者影斯堪地那维亚入侵者影响。古英语内部发展朝着简化词形改变方向在走，而响。古英语内部发展朝着简化词形改变方向在走，而Old Old NorseNorse愈加速了这个过程，尤其是北方方言。愈加速了这个过程，尤其是北方方言。Around the Fifth century or so,island of Germanic invasion of England,notably the Anglo,Saxon,Zhu-these three ethnic groups.Their dialects developed into old English.Old English also has been said that Viacoms invasion in Old Norse of Scandinavian influence.Internal development of simplified spelling changes in the direction of English,and Old Norse has accelerated this process,especially the dialects in the North.第2页Middle English and modern English during the Renaissance,English evolved into Middle English,in the 15th century,through vowel change,further evolved into what is called the English in modern English.Has been absorbing foreign words in English,and until today it is the same,especially Latin,Greece language.Due to this,modern English can be said to be the worlds largest vocabulary of the language.中古英语与近代英语在文艺复兴时期，英语进化成中古英中古英语与近代英语在文艺复兴时期，英语进化成中古英语，在十五世纪，由於元音大改变，英语更深入进化成语，在十五世纪，由於元音大改变，英语更深入进化成所谓近代英语。英语一直在吸收外来词汇，直至现今亦所谓近代英语。英语一直在吸收外来词汇，直至现今亦是如此，尤其是拉丁语、希腊语。由於如此，现今英语是如此，尤其是拉丁语、希腊语。由於如此，现今英语能够说是世界上最多字汇语言。能够说是世界上最多字汇语言。第3页4501100Old English11001500Middle English1500Modern English第4页u Before Christ,the Celts inhabited Before Christ,the Celts inhabited Britain.Britain.基督以前，凯尔特人居住在英国。基督以前，凯尔特人居住在英国。u In the 5th and 6th Centuries A.D.In the 5th and 6th Centuries A.D.the Germanic tribes came to the the Germanic tribes came to the land,and they formed the Anglo-land,and they formed the Anglo-Saxons society.Saxons society.在第五和第六世纪公元日耳曼部落来土在第五和第六世纪公元日耳曼部落来土地，他们形成了盎格鲁撒克逊人社会。地，他们形成了盎格鲁撒克逊人社会。u Together they bring their Germanic Together they bring their Germanic languagelanguage，which gradually replaced which gradually replaced Celts own language.Celts own language.他们一起把日耳曼语言，它逐步他们一起把日耳曼语言，它逐步代替了凯尔特人语言代替了凯尔特人语言。第5页 ChristianityChristianity religion enriched religion enriched English with 400 to 500 words English with 400 to 500 words from Greek and Latin.from Greek and Latin.基督教宗教丰富英语基督教宗教丰富英语以以400到到500个希腊和拉丁词。个希腊和拉丁词。Such as ancor(anchor),flasce Such as ancor(anchor),flasce(flask),mil(mile),papa,plante(flask),mil(mile),papa,plante(plant).(plant).如信息（锚），如信息（锚），flasce（瓶），密耳（英里），（瓶），密耳（英里），父亲，普兰特（植物）。父亲，普兰特（植物）。第6页 After 1013 the Vikings After 1013 the Vikings dominated the land,and they also dominated the land,and they also brought new words most of which brought new words most of which begin with sk,such as sky,skin,skill begin with sk,such as sky,skin,skill and so on.and so on.经过经过1013维京人统治土地，他们也带来了新维京人统治土地，他们也带来了新话，其中大部分以话，其中大部分以sk开头，如天空，皮肤，技能等。开头，如天空，皮肤，技能等。第7页Here are some examples of old English:ic lufie 我爱我爱u lufast 你爱你爱he lufa 他爱他爱we lufia 我们爱我们爱 ic lufode 我爱过我爱过u lufodest 你爱过你爱过he lufode 他爱过他爱过we lufodon 我们爱过我们爱过 第8页u1066,Normans conquered England1066,Normans conquered England.1066 诺曼人征服英格兰。诺曼人征服英格兰。uThe country now had three languages:French for the The country now had three languages:French for the nobles,Latin for the churches and English for the common nobles,Latin for the churches and English for the common peoplepeople.现在国家有三种语言：贵族法语现在国家有三种语言：贵族法语,教堂拉丁语和平民百姓英语教堂拉丁语和平民百姓英语。So French were usually used to describe the life in the upper So French were usually used to describe the life in the upper society.For example,Englishmen live in society.For example,Englishmen live in houses houses while while Frenchmen live in Frenchmen live in towerstowers.所以法国人通惯用来形容上流社会生活。比如，所以法国人通惯用来形容上流社会生活。比如，英国人住在房子里法国人生活在塔。英国人住在房子里法国人生活在塔。第9页lBritish English 1601lAmerican English 1831第10页 After the second World War,Americas international status had been raised quickly.第二次世界大战后，美国国际地位提出了快第二次世界大战后，美国国际地位提出了快速速The economic base determines the superstructure,so American English soon came up from behind.经济上基础决定上部结构，所以美国英语很快迎头赶上。经济上基础决定上部结构，所以美国英语很快迎头赶上。The European renaissance and the printing press brought many new words from Latin and Greek.欧洲欧洲新生和印刷机从拉丁语和希腊带来很多新词。新生和印刷机从拉丁语和希腊带来很多新词。Today we still borrow from Latin and Greek to name new inventions,like video,television and cyberspace.今天我们仍今天我们仍借从拉丁文和希腊文名称新创造，像视频、借从拉丁文和希腊文名称新创造，像视频、电视和网络空间。电视和网络空间。第11页British English American English 没有没有havent gotdont have不得不做某事不得不做某事have got to do sthhave to do sth提价提价put up prices raise prices上上课课get on a coursetake a course第12页第13页