英语简单句基本结构省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

简单句基本结构第1页Teaching aims:1.To learn the sentence constituents:subject，predicate，object，predicative，complement.2.To learn the five structures of simple sentence.3.To practice more and learn to solve exercises about sentences constituent and structures.Teaching importances:1.To understand the concept of each sentence constituent.2.To master the five structures of simple sentences.Teaching difficulty:To make correct sentences according to the five structures.第2页句子分类句子分类简单句简单句复合句复合句并列复合句并列复合句主从复合句主从复合句有两个或两个以上简单有两个或两个以上简单句用连词连接而成。句用连词连接而成。如：如：and,but,or,so等等定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句名词性从句名词性从句由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）组成句子谓语（或并列谓语）组成句子.eg:Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the newspaper.由主句和从句组成，且主从句分别有不一样主谓结构。由主句和从句组成，且主从句分别有不一样主谓结构。第3页五大基本句型五大基本句型一：一：(主谓主谓)二二:(主系表主系表)三三:(主谓宾主谓宾)四四:(主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾)五五:(主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补)第4页基本句型基本句型 一：一：（主谓）（主谓）主语主语：能够作主语成份有名词名词（如boy），主格代词主格代词（如you），动词不定式动词不定式，动名词动名词等。主语普通在句首句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！谓语谓语：谓语由动词组成，是英语时态、语态改变主角，普通在主语之后。不不及物动词（及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.此句型句子有一个共同特点，即句子谓语动词都能表示完整意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词不及物动词，后面能够跟副词、介词短语、状语从句副词、介词短语、状语从句等。（不及物动词）（不及物动词）1.The sun was shining.太阳在照耀着。2.The moon rose.月亮升起了。3.The universe remains.宇宙长存。4.Who cares?管它呢？5.They talked for half an hour.他们谈了半个小时。6.The pen writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。第5页 基本句型基本句型 二：二：（主系表）（主系表）此句型句子有一个共同特点：句子谓语动词都不能表示一个完整意思，必须加上一个一个表明主语身份或状态表语组成复合谓语，才能表示完整意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词除了be之外，还有其它三类。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联络动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻（是系动词）（是系动词）1.This is an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。2.The dinner smells good.午餐气味很好。3.Everything looks different.一切看来都不一样了。4.He is growing tall and strong.他长得又高又壮5.Our well has gone dry.我们井干枯了。6.His face turned red.他脸红了。There be 结构：There be 表示存在有。这里there没有实际意义，不可与副词there那里混同。此结构后跟名词，表示（存在）有某事物 试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词那里。第6页基本句型基本句型 三：三：（主谓宾）（主谓宾）此句型句子共同特点是：谓语动词都含有此句型句子共同特点是：谓语动词都含有实义实义，都是主语产，都是主语产生动作，但不能表示完整意思，必须跟有一个生动作，但不能表示完整意思，必须跟有一个宾语宾语，即动作承受，即动作承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词及物动词。宾语位于及物动。宾语位于及物动词之后，普通词之后，普通同主语组成一样同主语组成一样，不一样是组成宾语代词必须是不一样是组成宾语代词必须是代词宾格代词宾格，如：，如：me，him，them等等 （及物动词）（及物动词）1.Who knows the answer?谁知道答案？谁知道答案？2.He has refused to help them.他拒绝帮他们。他拒绝帮他们。3.He enjoys reading.他喜欢看书。他喜欢看书。4.He said Good morning.他说：他说：早上好！早上好！5.I want to have a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。我想喝杯茶。6.He admits that he was mistaken.他认可犯了错误。他认可犯了错误。第7页基本句型基本句型 四四 （主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）有些及物动词能够有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语普通位于直接宾语之前。普通次序为：动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea,please.强调间接宾语次序为：动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。如：Show this house to Mr.Smith.（及物）（及物）（多指人）（多指人）（多指物）（多指物）1.She ordered herself a new dress.2.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。2.She cooked her husband a delicious meal.她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。3.He brought you a dictionary.他给你带来了一本字典。4.I showed him my pictures.我给他看我照片5.I gave my car a wash.我洗了我汽车。第8页基本句型基本句型 五五:(主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补)此句型此句型特点特点是是:动词即使是及物动词动词即使是及物动词,不过只跟一个不过只跟一个宾语还不能表示完整意思宾语还不能表示完整意思,必须加上一个必须加上一个补充成份补充成份来补足宾语来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。才能使意思完整。宾语补足语宾语补足语:位于位于宾语之后宾语之后对宾语作出说明成份。对宾语作出说明成份。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上主谓关系，它们一起组成宾语与其补足语有逻辑上主谓关系，它们一起组成复合宾语。复合宾语。能够用作能够用作宾语补足语有名词宾语补足语有名词,形容词形容词,不定式不定式,动名词动名词,分词分词,介词短语等。介词短语等。第9页基本句型基本句型 五：五：（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）名词名词/代词宾格代词宾格+名词名词The war made him a soldier.战争使他成为一名战士.名词名词/代词宾格代词宾格+形容词形容词New methods make the job easy.新方法使这项工作变得轻松.名词名词/代词宾格代词宾格+介词短语介词短语I often find him at work.我经常发觉他在工作.名词名词/代词宾格代词宾格+动词不定式动词不定式The teacher ask the students to close the windows.老师让学生们关上窗户.名词名词/代词宾格代词宾格+分词分词I saw a cat running across the road.我看见一只猫跑过了马路.第10页a.b.c.d.e.1.Pleas tell us a story._2.She smiled._3.His job is to train swimmers._4.He noticed a man enter the room._5.Please look at the picture._dabecExercises I 第11页Exercises 2:分析句子结构分析句子结构You are a student.He felt happy today.What you said made me happy.Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?After he finished his homework,he went away.He likes pop music.第12页Exercises 3:(一一)挑出以下句中宾语挑出以下句中宾语1.My brother hasnt done his homework.2.People all over the world speak English.3.How many new words did you learn last class?4.Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,how about you?5.Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.第13页（二（二)划出句中直接宾语和间接宾划出句中直接宾语和间接宾语语 Please tell us a story.My father bought a new bike for me last week.Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.Did he leave any message for me?第14页(三三)挑出以下句中表语挑出以下句中表语1.The old man was feeling very tired.2.Why is he worried about Jim?3.The leaves have turned yellow.4.Soon they all became interested in the subject.5.She was the first to learn about it.第15页(四四)挑出以下句中宾语补足语挑出以下句中宾语补足语 She found it difficult to do the work.He asked her to take the boy out of school.She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.第16页Exercises 4:1、Sorry,weve kept you_ for a long time.A.waited B.sing C.stand D.waiting 2、The teacher told us _ late again.A.arent be B.dont be C.not to be D.not be 3、We find the room very_.A.warm B.warmly C.terribly D.hardly 4、Two balls are_.A.under the desk B.in the wall C.to here D.at desks 5、I want_ a teacher when I grow up.A.to be B.to C.be D.being 6、-Would you like to go on a picnic with me today?-I dont think so.To be honest,I really dont feel like_on apicnic.A.going B.to go C.go D.went 第17页Exercises 5:Make sentences 这本有用字典是妈妈去年给我。他对音乐感兴趣。当冬天降临时，白天变越来越短。上周我爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。你刚才看到李明正在操场打篮球吗？The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.He is interested in music.The days get shorter and shorter when winter comes.My father bought a new bike for me last week.Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?第18页Conclusion：1.We have learnt the basic sentenceconstituents.2.We have understood five simple sentence structures.Homework：1.Do the exercises about the simple sentence structures in the Hexin Tuopo.2.Preview the contences of next lesson.第19页Thank you!Thank you!第20页